我国医药企业知识产权质押融资现状及融资策略研究

知识产权质押融资作为一种现代融资工具,为我国中小型医药企业开辟了一条有效的融资渠道.本文旨在分析我国医药企业知识产权质押融资现状,为我国医药企业在进行知识产权质押融资时提供策略.     

“看病贵”问题产生的根源：政府医疗服务筹资职能的撤退

在社会人均收入不断增长的情况下,“看病贵”问题突显的是疾病风险的扩大化。疾病风险的扩大化一方面因为医疗费用的过快增长,加大了疾病的不确定性损失。而医疗费用的过快增长与先进医疗技术和药品的过度利用是分不开的,成为自上世纪80年代以来医疗费用过快增长的主要决定性因素,究其根源则是政府对于供方财政投入的不足和扭曲的收费定价机制下的不合理服务收费方式所引起。另一方面,疾病风险的扩大化源于基于大数法则的疾病风险分担机制不健全,即医疗保障制度的不健全。构建具备风险分担机制的医疗保障,政府起着不可推卸的责任。明确政府的供方筹资职能,改变现有支付方式,有效降低医疗费用的过快增长,合理界定政府的需方筹资职能,建立健全我国的医疗保障制度应该成为解决“看病贵”问题的关键所在。     

日本医疗保险体系的发展历程

介绍了日本社会医疗保险系统发展的历程,以及社会医疗保险三个重要组成部分：雇员医疗保险、社区医疗保险和老人医疗保险的筹资、支付等环节的现状;分析了目前日本社会医疗保险受到日本医疗卫生体系、日本人口老龄化等因素影响后所产生的问题和挑战;希望给我国社会医疗保险体系的发展提供参考。     

上海市合作医疗筹资比例与运行机制的研究

通过对上海市3县(区)9乡合作医疗筹资来源的调查分析，发现已有的筹资渠道应进一步予以规范和拓展。适当提高个人筹资比例，规范政府的支持强度，落实乡镇企业与集体经济的资助责任，并以相应的法制作保障，这是合作医疗持续健康发展的重要基础。     

国际卫生保健体制中筹资方式的比较与思考

本文通过对美国、英国、新加坡、澳大利亚几种典型筹资方式的分析，结合中国历史、现状及存在问题，描述中国城市的公费、劳保医疗及农村的合作医疗的筹资方式及变迁。分析存在问题和挑战，提出设置卫生税、采用具有储蓄制的合作医疗制度，建立医疗救助基金。为探讨今后的筹资办法作一些有益的思考。     

International Study of Health Care Organization and Financing of renal services in England and Wales

In England and Wales, the quantity and quality of renal services have improved significantly in the last decade. While acceptance rates for renal replacement therapy appear low by international standards, they are now commensurate with many other northern European countries. The major growth in renal services has been in hemodialysis, especially at satellite units. Health care is predominantly publicly funded through a tax-based National Health Service, and such funding has increased in the last 10 years. Improvements in health outcomes in England and Wales are expected to continue due to the recent implementation of standards, initiatives, and monitoring mechanisms for renal transplantation, vascular access, and patient transport.      

Encouraging maternal health service utilization: an evaluation of the Bangladesh voucher program

With the ultimate goal of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, many countries have recently adopted innovative financing mechanisms to encourage the use of professional maternal health services. The current study evaluates one such initiative - a pilot voucher program in Bangladesh. The program provides poor women with cash incentives and free access to antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, as well as cash incentives for providers to offer these services. We conducted a household survey of 2208 women who delivered in the 6 months before the survey (conducted in 2009) in 16 intervention and 16 matched comparison sub-districts. Probit and linear regressions are used to analyze the effects of residing in voucher sub-districts on the use of professional maternal health services and associated out-of-pocket expenditures. Using information on birth history, we conducted sensitivity analyses employing difference-in-differences methods, comparing women's reported births before and after the program's initiation in the intervention and comparison sub-districts. We found that the program significantly increased the use of antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care with qualified providers. Compared to women in matched comparison sub-districts, women in intervention areas had a 46.4 percentage point higher probability of using a qualified provider and 13.6 percentage point higher probability of institutional delivery. They also paid approximately Taka 640 (US$ 9.43) less for maternal health services, equivalent to 64% of the sample's average monthly household expenditure per capita. No significant effect of vouchers was found on the rate of Cesarean section. Our findings therefore support voucher program expansion targeting the economically disadvantaged to improve the use of priority health services. The Bangladesh voucher program is a useful example for other developing countries interested in improving maternal health service utilization.     

贫困地区政府和集体在合作医疗筹资中的作用

在农村贫困地区，政府财政大多呈现赤字，集体经济薄弱，因此，在贫困地区合作医疗筹资过程中充分发挥政府和集体经济的作用是贫困地区合作医疗举办过程中应加以考虑的问题。本文通过对１０个贫困地区合作医疗试点县的研究认为，目前在１０个试点县中，各级财政和集体经济对合作医疗尚缺乏一定的支持，但有一定的筹资潜力，另外，民委、民政和扶贫经费也是潜在的筹资渠道。在资金的使用方向上应考虑为特困人群代缴合作医疗基金，以发挥资金的最大利用效率，同时也促进贫困地区合作医疗筹资的公平性     

贫困地区农民合作医疗支付能力研究

贫困地区合作医疗筹资的可行性,在很大程度上受到农民对合作医疗的支付能力和意愿支付水平的影响。但目前国内对农民支付能力的研究较少,本文利用扩展线性支出系统来研究农民的客观支付能力。研究结果表明:在农村贫困地区,一般人群的合作医疗筹资应以个人投入为主,而特困和贫困人群的合作医疗筹资应以政府和集体支持为主。     

内蒙古凉城县新型农村合作医疗筹资标准调整后的住院补偿方案设计

随着内蒙古自治区凉城县新型农村合作医疗筹资标准的逐步提高,其统筹补偿方案也需随之不断调整。由于住院补偿是凉城县新农合基金支出的重点,因此对其住院补偿进行科学调整成为方案调整的核心内容。本文在对该县新农合现行住院补偿方案运行情况分析的基础上,依据新的筹资标准,采用"分级、分段计算,累加支付"测算办法,对该县的住院补偿方案进行调整。