完善多级联动教学督导系统 提高质量监控与教学成效

本研究探索如何规范校院系多级联动教学督导系统，建立多层次、系列化的教学评估制度，建立动态的信息采集、反馈和处理系统，统一权威监控与评价结果发布机制，有针时性地抓住了教学质量关键环节，有效地将教学质量与教学管理实践相结合，实现了通过机制和制度建设来保证教学质量的目的。     

T cell binding to B lymphoid cell lines in humans: a marker for T-B cell interaction?

Binding of human circulating T cells to established normal and malignant B cell lines results in rosette formation. The percentage of B cells, circulating T cells, and thymocytes able to bind to the B-LCL Raji were 0%, 59 +/- 4% and 61 +/- 6%, respectively. The percentage of rosettes formed between Raji cells and circulating mononuclear cells from 92 normal individuals was 27.8 +/- 5.3%, and remained stable over several months. This phenomenon seems to involve relatively mature B cells, and a T cell marker which appears early in T cell ontogeny. In the peripheral blood, most of the B-LCL binding T cells exhibit a 'helper-inducer' phenotype, as determined with the monoclonal antibodies Leu 3a and OKT4. However, a significant percentage of T cells with so-called 'cytotoxic-suppressor' markers (Leu 2a and OKT8) also bind to B-LCL. The T cells involved in this morphological interactive reaction with B cells might conceivably be specifically involved in regulating B cell functions. Enumeration of this particular subset may be useful in conditions where abnormal T-B cell interactions are suspected.     

Improving interactive facility with vision training

The measurement of accommodative facility has gained acceptance in optometric examinations because it can provide valuable information on the dynamics of accommodation. Accommodative infacility is usually treated by prescribing various orthoptic exercises. This study arose from a need to investigate the effects of specific vision training procedures on binocular accommodative facility (interactive facility). The results indicate that even relatively short periods of accommodative rock training can improve the level of interactive facility.     

Dynamic coil selection for real-time imaging in interventional MRI.

MR-guided intravascular interventions require image update rates of up to 10 images per second, which can be achieved using parallel imaging. However, parallel imaging requires many coil elements, which increases reconstruction times and thus compromises real-time image reconstruction. In this study a dynamic coil selection (DCS) algorithm is presented that selects a subset of receive coils to reduce image reconstruction times. The center-of-sensitivity coordinates and the relative signal intensities are determined for each coil in a prescan. During the intervention m coils are selected for reconstruction using a coil ranking based on the distance to the current slice or catheter position. In a phantom experiment for m = 6, an optimal signal-to-background ratio (SBR) was achieved and foldover artifacts were avoided. In three animal experiments involving catheter manipulation in the aorta and the right heart chamber, the anatomy was successfully visualized at frame rates of about 5 Hz using active catheter tracking.     

The exploration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data using interactive three-dimensional graphs,a tool borrowed from particle physics

Summary Computerized interactive 3-dimensional graphical displays were originally developed to aid in the exploration of multidimensional data from particle physics experiments. This technique can be equally well applied to speed the analysis of multivariate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.The application of this technique to the results of a drug study demonstrated its effectiveness in providing a rapid overview of the data and in displaying new perspectives on the multivariate data, helping to identify sources of variability within the study.Multiple concentration-time curves from a given administration period can be distinguished within a single plot, using visual cues provided by rotating the display. Simultaneous comparison of large numbers of curves allows rapid evaluation of intersubject variability. Comparing the concentration-time curves from a single subject, each in succession, quickly identifies sources of intrasubject variability. Manipulating the display by a fourth dimensional parameter shows the degree of relationship between the concentration-time curves and associated dynamic variables.Exploratory analysis using such kinematic display software, provides a rapid, visually concrete impression of the relationships present in kinetic and dynamic data before the application of standard statistical routines.     

Agglomerate Strength and Dispersion of Salmeterol Xinafoate from Powder Mixtures for Inhalation

Purpose The study investigated the role of agglomeration and the effect of fine lactose size on the dispersion of salmeterol xinafoate (SX) from SX–lactose mixtures for inhalation.Methods Particle size distributions were characterised by Malvern Mastersizer S, Aerosizer and Spraytec, and imaging conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Inter-particulate adhesion was quantified by atomic force microscopy. Deposition of SX was measured using a twin stage impinger. SX was analysed using validated high-performance liquid chromatography method (r ²=1.0, CV=0.4–1.0%).Results Addition of fine lactose with a volume median diameter (VMD) of 7.9 μm to a SX–lactose carrier and carrier-free mixture resulted in significantly better dispersion (16.8% for 20% added fine lactose) than fractions with VMD of 3.0, 17.7 and 33.3 μm (less than 9.1% for 20% fine lactose). Using the carrier-free mixtures, particle sizing of the aerosol cloud using the Spraytec, coupled with the application of the Aerosizer using differing dispersion energies and SEMs of the samples, indicated that an open packed, agglomerate structure improved SX dispersion. The highest extent of SX dispersion occurred when SX and fine lactose were detached from the surface, usually in the form of loose agglomerates.Conclusions The outcomes of this research demonstrated how agglomerate structure influenced dispersion and the key role of fine lactose particle size in SX dispersion from mixtures for inhalation.     

The validity of a structured interactive 24-hour recall in estimating energy and nutrient intakes in 15-month-old rural Malawian children

This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake values among 15-month-old rural Malawian children obtained by weighed food record (WFR) with those obtained by modified 24-hour recall (mod 24-HR), and to develop algorithm for adjusting mod 24-HR values so as to predict mean intake based on WFRs. The study participants were 169 15-month-old children who participated in a clinical trial. Food consumption on one day was observed and weighed (established criterion) by a research assistant to provide the estimates of energy and nutrient intakes. On the following day, another research assistant, blinded to the direct observation, conducted the structured interactive 24-hour recall (24-HR) interview (test method). Paired t-tests and scatter-plots were used to compare intake values of the two methods. The structured interactive 24-HR method tended to overestimate energy and nutrient intakes (each P < 0.001). The regression-through-the-origin method was used to develop adjustment algorithms. Results showed that multiplying the mean energy, protein, fat, iron, zinc and vitamin A intake estimates based on the test method by 0.86, 0.80, 0.68, 0.69, 0.72 and 0.76, respectively, provides an approximation of the mean values based on WFRs.     

交互式医学图像控制系统在正颌外科手术中的应用

目的 探讨交互式医学图像控制系统（MIMICS）在计算机辅助手术中的应用价值,为术前进行精确设计手术方案及达到术后良好效果提供真实可靠依据。方法 对2例正颌外科手术患者的头面部三维CT断层扫描图像,进行识别确定重建对象,对皮肤、皮下组织及骨组织采用灰度阈值法进行自动重建;采用MIMICS软件对获取的医学信息进行分层网格划分,完成建模。根据资深正颁外科医师制订的方案,在模型中完成手术的模拟和软组织形变的预测。结果 完成了包含皮肤、皮下组织和骨组织的患者头面部三维网格模型。模拟了正颌外科手术移动骨质过程,并且以动态动画形式演示,可从任意角度进行观察。实现了正颌外科手术术后软组织形变的可视化预测。结论 利用医学影像资料,采用MIMICS软件可实现人头面部复杂结构的三维重建和分层网格划分,以动态形式完成正颌外科手术的模拟和软组织形变预测。在计算机屏幕前制订手术方案进行医患交流,共同协商,提高了正颌外科手术安全性、精确性和矫治效果。     

以问题为基础的互动式教学法在普外科临床教学中的应用

目的探讨以问题为基础[1]的互动式教学法在临床课堂教学中的效果。方法 2009级五年制医学专业118名学生采用传统教学法进行普外科临床的课堂授课,2010级五年制医学专业120名学生在普外科临床课程尝试了互动式教学法,并对这2个班学生的成绩进行分析,同时进行问卷调查,了解学生对两种教学法教学效果的评价。结果大多数学生认为互动式课堂教学能激发学习兴趣,能提高自学能力、思考能力、创新能力、语言表达能力,能增进团队合作精神,能较好地引导本学科与相关学科知识的联系。结论以问题为基础的互动式教学有利于培养学生的创新能力,在医学生课堂教学中的尝试是基本成功的。     

显微数码互动系统在骨髓细胞形态学实践教学中的应用

骨髓细胞形态学是《临床血液学与检验》课程的重要组成部分,也是教学的重点和难点。显微数码互动系统由图像处理和分析、语音问答、计算机教学软件等部分组成,可以实现图片资料资源共享,师生有效互动及改变考核机制。该系统的应用改变了传统教学模式,激发了学生学习积极性,大大提高了实践课教学质量。