Renal allograft immunosuppression

We have investigated the impact of triple drug immunosuppression on the occurrence of early inflammatory episodes, as detected by fine needle aspiration biopsy, and of episodes of clinical rejection during the immediate postoperative period. The prospective component of this study includes 128 consecutive first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving triple drug treatment consisting of azathioprine (Aza), cyclosporin (CyA) and methylprednisolone (MP). For controls we have used three historical groups: one immunosuppressed with Aza and MP (group A), another with CyA monotherapy (group B), and the third with CyA together with MP (group C) in equivalent drug dosages. On the average, 0.8 episodes of inflammation per patient were recorded during the immediate postoperative period of 30 days with triple drug treatment. This was significantly less than the 1.3 episodes in patients receiving Aza and MP (P<0.01), the 1.7 episodes in patients on CyA monotherapy (P<0.001), or the 1.6 episodes in patients receiving CyA together with MP (P<0.001). Although the first episode of inflammation commenced concurrently in each group and the peak intensity of inflammation was the same, the mean duration of inflammation was significantly shorter-2.7 days-under triple drug treatment than the 7.8–11.7 days for controls (P<0.001). The frequency of rejection episodes under triple treatment was also significantly lower-0.2 per patient-than the 0.8 per patient in controls (P<0.001). The first rejection episode occurred later in the triple drug treatment group-on the average, on day 15.2-than in the historical controls (on days 7.7–11.7). There was, however, no difference in the duration of rejection. There were no differences in patient survival between the four groups. Graft survival was 97% at 10 weeks for triple drug-treated recipients and 79%, 68%, and 87% for first grafts in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Disregarding a minor demographic bias for the triple drugtreated group with respect to preformed antibodies and preoperative dialysis treatment, the study suggests that the triple drug protocol, in the short run, is superior to any conceivable double drug combination or CyA monotherapy.     

轴突分叉点位置计算法适用性的分析

某些中枢神经元通过分叉轴突向两个以上核团投射。轴突分叉点的位置通常由计算轴突主干传导时间予以估测。但是,本工作用该法的4个公式计算细胞内或细胞外记录到的数据未能得到一致和可信的数值。结果提示,计算法的原理是不合理的,并至少对在细胞内或细胞外记录条件下估测轴突分叉点是不适用的。     

双腔右心室(附四例报告)

本文对我院1983～1985年经手术证实的4例双腔右心室病例,进行了分析讨论。本病除右心导管检查发现肺动脉与右心室有压力阶差移行曲线、右心造影时心腔内显示充盈缺损、超声心动图等检查有助于诊断外,X线心脏平片、心电图、临床症状、体征均无特异性的诊断价值。认为,由于本病多合并室缺,因此对室缺修补时,应常规探查右心室腔,以免漏诊。另外,对本病与法乐氏四联症的鉴别作了较详细的讨论。     

髋臼双柱骨折合并后壁骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折的临床特点和手术疗效.方法 对29例髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折采用双切口分步入路切开复位,重建钢板内固定.结果 按Matta标准,解剖复位21例,满意复位5例,不满意复位3例.随访13～38个月,平均19个月,关节功能按d'Aubinge-Possel评分系统评定,优17例,良6例,可3例,差3例.结论 双切口分步入路,重建钢板固定是治疗髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折的有效方法.     

CURRENT STATUS OF DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPY

Yamamoto and colleagues have developed a novel insertion method of the endoscope, the ‘double balloon method’ for enteroscopy and, recently, a specialized system for the ‘double balloon method’ has been commercialized by Fujinon. The double balloon endoscopy enables visualization of the entire small bowel and also allows for interventional therapy in the small intestine. This method could be used either from the oral or anal approach. Observation of an affected area with controlled movement of the endoscope enables interventions, including biopsies, hemostasis, balloon dilatation, stent placement, polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection. The procedure is safe and useful, and it provides high diagnostic yields and therapeutic capabilities.     

新型双球囊导管在经皮选择性隔离肝脏灌注化疗中的应用

目的探讨自制双球囊导管在经皮选择性肝脏隔离灌注化疗(PSIHP)中的应用效果。方法实验猪12头,利用介入放射学方法进行双球囊导管选择性隔离肝脏灌注化疗结合血液灌流。化疗药物选用5-FU。比较灌注及未灌注区域肝细胞形态和凋亡指数。结果灌注区域肝细胞损伤明显,肝细胞凋亡指数(51.82%±5.34%)明显高于未灌注区域肝细胞凋亡指数(4.12%±0.84%)(P<0.01)。结论自制新型双球囊导管能有效隔离肝脏,对未灌注区域肝组织有良好的保护作用,是一种理想的隔离肝脏灌注化疗的球囊导管。     

三维重建单(双)靶点定向置管引流术治疗高血压壳核出血

目的回顾性分析三维重建单(双)靶点定向置管引流术治疗高血压壳核出血的疗效,验证该方法的有效性和可行性。方法将133例壳核脑出血病人的CT定位扫描资料输入计算机工作站,对血肿进行三维重建,根据血肿量的大小和形状设计1～2个靶点和引流管路径。应用立体定向技术将引流管(外径5mm,内径3mm)送至颅内预定靶点,术中应用10ml注射器轻柔抽吸血肿液化部分,术后将尿激酶(1～2万IU)注入血肿腔内,夹闭引流管2h后自然引流,每12h重复1次。复查CT证实剩余血肿量为最初的10%~15%时拔除引流管。结果平均置管1.5 d(1～3d),平均血肿排空率92.8%。术后1个月病死率6.0%,远期随访(平均22个月)病死率11.3%,优良率74.4%。结论该方法治疗高血压壳核脑出血,血肿排空较彻底,疗效可靠,尤其适用于血肿量较大(>25ml)且形态不规则的颅内血肿。     

双吻合器技术在直肠癌中的应用

目的探讨双吻合器技术在直肠癌手术中的作用。方法回顾性分析2000年1月~2006年1月间采用双吻合器技术治疗的63例直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中肿瘤下缘距肛缘≤7 cm者33例,7.1~11 cm者21例,>11 cm者9例。结果21例吻合口距肛缘≤3 cm,42例吻合口距肛缘3~7 cm。术后发生吻合口漏3例(4.8%),吻合口狭窄6例(9.5%),伤口感染5例(7.9%),无手术死亡。全组均获随访,平均4.3(3~6)年,5例复发,其中3例行M iles术,随访仍健在,2例放弃手术治疗,分别死于肝转移和腹腔内广泛种植。结论双吻合器技术在直肠癌手术,尤其是在低位及超低位结直肠吻合中可拓展适应证,降低手术风险。