Ambrisentan,a Non‐peptide Endothelin Receptor Antagonist

Increasing numbers of experimental investigations and recently also of clinical trials strongly suggest an integral involvement of the endothelin (ET)‐system in the pathophysiology of a variety of disease states, mainly of the cardiovascular system. Ambrisentan (LU 208075), a selective ET_A‐receptor antagonist, is an orally active diphenyl propionic acid derivative. It has been shown to have a very promising efficacy to safety ratio in the initial clinical trials. Phase II and Phase III trials with ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension have been performed. The pharmacological properties and data from the experimental investigations suggest additional possible uses of ambrisentan in the prevention of reperfusion injury after organ transplantation and in restenosis following coronary artery dilatation. Furthermore, the pharmacological profile of ambrisentan indicates that this drug may also be suitable in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. In the present article basic investigations, animal studies and clinical trials with ambrisentan are reviewed. This review may help to define pathophysiological conditions, in which ambrisentan could be indicated and further evaluated in appropriate preclinical and clinical trials.     

针刺左侧列缺穴对大脑前动脉血流动力学影响的研究

目的探讨针刺左侧列缺穴对健康青年大脑前动脉(ACA)的血流动力学影响,并探究列缺穴对不同性别受试者ACA的影响,为临床选取该穴治疗脑血管病提供依据。方法选取健康青年30例,分为3组进行试验,分别为男女混合组30例、女性组15例、男性组15例。针刺受试者左侧列缺穴,在针刺前(针刺前10 min)、入针后(进针得气时)、行针时(留针15 min)、出针时(留针30 min)、出针后(出针后10 min)运用TCD分别记录志愿者双侧ACA的血流动力学改变。结果 (1)男女混合:针刺左侧列缺穴,在出针时,双侧ACA的舒张期最大血流速度(Vd)较针刺前显著增加(P0.05)。(2)女性:针刺左侧列缺穴,在出针时,双侧ACA的舒张期Vd较针刺前显著增加(P0.05)。(3)男性:针刺左侧列缺穴,在出针10 min后,左侧大脑前动脉PI与行针时比较有所增加(P0.05)。结论针刺左侧列缺穴可增加健康青年双侧ACA血流速度,其中女性结果明显优于男性。列缺穴可作为女性ACA缺血性疾病的首选治疗穴位。男性选穴意义不大。     

二甲肼诱发大鼠大肠癌超微结构的观察

本实验以二甲肼[1,2-Dimethylhydrazine,DMH]为致癌剂诱发大鼠大肠癌。电镜观察24只大鼠在DMH作用下,不同时相点,大肠粘膜显示不同程度的病变。实验10～15周主要表现为粘膜不典型增生,超微结构改变主要显示细胞膜不规则或皱褶,核增大、微绒毛不规则。第16～32周以后肿瘤形成,胞核显著增大,异染色质增多,胞质内分泌颗粒减少,游离核蛋白体增多、细胞膜表面微绒毛不规则,细胞膜之间的桥粒减少,此种改变为大肠癌的超微结构特征。     

Dental and facial injuries following sports accidents: a study of 130 patients

Details of injuries to the face and teeth have been collected over a five-year period. One hundred and thirty patients were seen with injuries resulting from 21 different sports. Estimates of the numbers of people playing various team sports in the Bradford area suggest that the incidence of facial injuries is most common in rugby, followed by soccer and cricket. Miniature motor cycling and horse-riding are the most dangerous individual sports. The ages of injured patients varied widely in different sports, but the severity of injuries sustained is less than those due to other causes.     

稀土元素镱对小鼠肝肾影响的形态学研究

给 Swiss小鼠 5次注射氯化镱(总剂量为 510mg/kg)后,用光镜与透射电镜观察肝肾变化。发现肝细胞里嗜酸变性或空泡变性;出现不同程度的核变形、内质网扩张、粗面内质网脱核糖体、糖原消失。肝细胞与枯否细胞中均出现许多致密体,内含高电子密度砾石样颗粒。胆小管腔中亦见高电子密度颗粒群,提示致密体内容物可经胆道排出。未见肾脏发生明显形态学改变。     

陆德铭治疗乳腺癌术后转移的经验

陆徳铭教授认为乳腺癌患者术后转移多以正虚为其本,余毒旁窜为其标,治疗谨守扶正祛邪大法,以自拟乳癌术后方健脾益气、调摄冲任扶其正,根据病位,随证选用清热解毒、化痰散结之品祛余毒。     

陆为民教授以厥阴病论治胆系疾病经验

[目的]阐述和总结陆为民教授运用厥阴病辨证论治胆系相关疾病的学术思想、临床思路和经验,拓展乌梅丸的临床应用领域。[方法]通过跟师临诊,总结病案资料,从病因病机、遣方用药等角度阐述陆为民教授运用厥阴病理论和乌梅丸论治胆系相关疾病的经验,并佐以临床验案。[结果]陆为民教授结合前人经验,强调病机和辨证,从厥阴病论治胆系相关疾病。在以乌梅丸治疗过程中,强调应遵循"应人、应证、应时"的原则,随证加减,兼顾各脏腑之气,平调寒热,尤护肝脾,以保中正。文中验案包括胆系相关疾病的发热、泄泻、嗳气等,分别辨为寒热错杂证和脾虚寒湿、肝胃郁热之证,从厥阴病论治,酌情选施乌梅丸,取得良好的临床疗效。[结论]陆为民教授运用厥阴病辨证胆系相关疾病,选用乌梅丸治疗,中医理论依据充分,临床效果显著,值得借鉴。     

鲁盈教授祛风除湿法治疗狼疮性肾炎的经验探析

[目的]探讨总结鲁盈教授祛风除湿法治疗狼疮性肾炎(lupus nephritis,LN)的临床经验。[方法]通过跟师临诊,收集风湿内扰证LN患者的医案,并查阅LN的病因病机以及风湿内扰证在LN中的理论渊源和辨证依据,阐述鲁盈教授以祛风除湿法治疗LN的学术观点和临床应用,并附医案一则。[结果]鲁盈教授认为,外感风湿热毒和机体正气不足、气血阴阳失调均可发为LN,其中风湿扰肾是LN发病的重要病因病机,贯穿疾病的始终。实验室指标和肾脏病理活检均提示,LN风湿扰肾证的实质为急性免疫炎症性病变,故在临床中应准确辨识LN风湿扰肾证候,予以祛风除湿治疗,同时适当兼顾补虚、活血与清热。所举医案中,患者起病已久,以气阴两虚为本,此次因风湿内扰于肾,导致LN复发,故治以祛风除湿、益气养阴,兼顾补虚、活血与清热,疗效显著。[结论]鲁盈教授以祛风除湿法治疗LN,结合古今学术研究,理论依据充分,在临床应用中,有效改善了患者的临床表现和实验室指标,疗效显著,值得借鉴学习。     

卢秉久教授运用药对治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎经验

介绍卢秉久教授运用中药药对治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(下简称慢乙肝)的经验,在此主要选取了两组配伍药对,此两组药对针对慢乙肝进行治疗并取得了较好疗效。