肺保护性通气策略在腹部和胸部手术中应用的研究进展

肺保护性通气策略(lung protective ventilation strategy,LPVS)的应用是近年来在急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,ALI/ARDS)治疗中的重要进展。ALI/ARDS患者采用保护性通气策略,能够改善气体交换和氧合,降低肺泡及循环内炎性因子的水平,缩短机械通气时间,降低患者病死率[1,2]。但对于非ALI/ARDS需要全身麻醉进行手术的病人,采用LPVS是否受益尚不明确[3]。胸部和腹部手术时间较长、创伤较大,本文对腹部和胸部手术中LPVS应用的研究进展文献总结如下。     

FloTrac/Vigileo~(TM)监测剖宫产预注血管活性药对产妇腰硬联合麻醉后血流动力学及新生儿的影响

目的分析采用FloTrac/Vigileo~(TM)监测剖宫产中预注血管活性药对腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)后产妇血流动力学及新生儿的影响。方法选取择期在CSEA下行剖宫产术的产妇90例,随机分成三组各30例,分别为麻黄碱组(M组)、间羟胺组(J组)和对照组(S组)。M组给予泵注麻黄碱10 mg/min,J组给予泵注间羟胺0.3 mg/min,S组给予泵注同等容量的生理盐水。对三组产妇在围手术期不同时间点的MAP、HR、CO、不良反应发生率、新生儿状况等进行对比分析。结果 M组、J组产妇低血压和恶心呕吐发生率显著低于S组(P<0.05),且MAP在麻醉后比较稳定。三组新生儿Apgar评分及p H值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论预注麻黄碱、间羟胺用于CSEA下剖宫产使产妇血流动力学更稳定,可以有效预防低血压和恶心呕吐,对新生儿无明显影响。Flo Trac/Vigileo系统可用于产妇剖宫产术中持续有效地监测血流动力学的变化,值得关注。     

miR-599和BRD4在卵巢癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数和预后的关系

目的检测miR-599、含溴结构域蛋白4 (BRD4)在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达情况并探讨其与患者临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法收集2012年1月-2014年3月在该院行切除术的上皮性卵巢癌组织标本47例(卵巢癌组),收集同期良性卵巢上皮组织41例(良性对照组)和正常卵巢上皮组织34例(正常对照组)作为对照。采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRTPCR)检测miR-599和BRD4 mRNA表达情况;采用免疫组化法检测BRD4蛋白表达情况;分析miR-599和BRD4与卵巢癌患者临床病理参数及预后之间的关系。结果 miR-599 mRNA在卵巢癌组、良性对照组、正常对照组中的相对表达量逐渐降低,两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05); BRD4 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量逐渐升高,两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。miR-599、BRD4表达与卵巢癌患者年龄、是否绝经、组织类型、淋巴结转移情况无关(P0. 05),与FIGO分期、组织分化有关(P0. 05)。Spearman检验结果显示,卵巢癌组织中miR-599与BRD4表达负相关(r=-0. 631,P0. 05)。miR-599低表达者3年存活率明显低于miR-599高表达者(41. 94%vs. 81. 25%,P0. 05); BRD4阳性表达者3年存活率明显低于BRD4阴性表达者(34. 48%vs. 88. 89%,P0. 05)。结论 miR-599在卵巢癌组织中明显低表达,BRD4显著高表达,二者与卵巢癌患者病理分化及术后生存率密切相关。     

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.     

急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达研究

目的 探讨急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)表达研究。 方法 选择舟山市普陀区人民医院和浙江省人民医院于2014年1月—2017年12月收治的急性白血病患者171例,分析医院感染发生率、病原菌分布及主要病原菌耐药情况。取患者骨髓组织病理切片,采用免疫组化染色法测定HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达,以平均光密度值进行定量分析。 结果 急性白血病住院患者171例,发生医院感染患者54例(医院感染率为31.58%);感染部位以呼吸道、口腔和胃肠道为主,分别占35.19%、24.07%和16.67%;共分离病原菌71株,革兰阴性菌39株占54.93%;71株病原菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌15株占21.13%、金黄色葡萄球菌12株占16.90%、铜绿假单胞菌10株占14.08%、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌9株占12.68%。分离的革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮耐药率较高,耐药率为53.33%;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林耐药率较高,耐药率为60.00%。分离的革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为75.00%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为66.67%。感染组骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF平均光密度值高于未感染组而Bcl-2平均光密度值低于未感染组,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 结论 急性白血病住院患者医院感染率较高,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且感染患者骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF呈高表达而Bcl-2呈低表达,具有重要研究意义。