盐补骨脂标准汤剂质量评价体系的建立

目的建立盐补骨脂标准汤剂质量评价体系。方法收集了15批合格的补骨脂药材,炮制成符合《中国药典》2015年版规定的盐补骨脂饮片,制备盐补骨脂标准汤剂冻干粉,建立HPLC指纹图谱,对共有色谱峰进行指认,并结合飞行时间质谱确定其主要化学组成。结果苯并呋喃苷类和呋喃香豆素类为盐补骨脂标准汤剂的主要成分。测定15批标准汤剂的出膏率为16.31%~20.59%,指标成分补骨脂素、异补骨脂素总量为1.17%~1.50%,转移率为13.55%~23.57%,且指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论建立了稳定、可靠的盐补骨脂标准汤剂全面质量评价方法,为盐补骨脂配方颗粒及相关制剂的质量控制提供参考。     

Fingermark detection and identification: current research efforts

The detection, comparison and identification of fingerprints remains one of the best means of linking an individual with a scene or an item related to a criminal investigation. While many methods exist for the detection and enhancement of fingermark evidence on common substrates, significant ongoing research is being directed at improved sensitivity via new approaches or the optimisation of existing methods. Current techniques may be ineffective for the detection of weak fingermarks, or may not reveal sufficient ridge detail to permit an identification. In addition, surfaces still remain where fingermark detection is problematic (e.g. human skin). The identification of fingermarks has come under significant scrutiny over the last decade, particularly with respect to the perceived lack of fundamental research and the subjective nature of current fingermark identification practices. Significant effort is being directed at these issues by a number of research groups around the world. The International Fingerprint Research Group (IFRG) holds biennial meetings to discuss current research and present research findings related to fingermark evidence. The purpose of this article is to summarise the fingermark detection and identification research presented at the 2011 and 2013 meetings of this group.     

Effects of Low Doses of Bisphenol A on the Metabolome of Perinatally Exposed CD-1 Mice

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure of pregnant rodents to low doses of BPA results in pleiotropic effects in their offspring.Objective: We used metabolomics—a method for determining metabolic changes in response to nutritional, pharmacological, or toxic stimuli—to examine metabolic shifts induced in vivo by perinatal exposure to low doses of BPA in CD-1 mice.Methods: Male offspring born to pregnant CD-1 mice that were exposed to vehicle or to 0.025, 0.25, or 25 µg BPA/kg body weight/day, from gestation day 8 through day 16 of lactation, were examined on postnatal day (PND) 2 or PND21. Aqueous extracts of newborns (PND2, whole animal) and of livers, brains, and serum samples from PND21 pups were submitted to ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis.Results: Examination of endogenous metabolic fingerprints revealed remarkable discrimination in whole extracts of the four PND2 newborn treatment groups, strongly suggesting changes in the global metabolism. Furthermore, statistical analyses of liver, serum, and brain samples collected on PND21 successfully discriminated among treatment groups. Variations in glucose, pyruvate, some amino acids, and neurotransmitters (γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate) were identified.Conclusions: Low doses of BPA disrupt global metabolism, including energy metabolism and brain function, in perinatally exposed CD-1 mouse pups. Metabolomics can be used to highlight the effects of low doses of endocrine disruptors by linking perinatal exposure to changes in global metabolism.     

地锦草药材HPLC指纹图谱及模式识别研究

目的:建立地锦草药材的高效液相指纹图谱,用于评价地锦草药材的质量.方法:采用Promosil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.1％磷酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长280 nm,柱温32℃,分析时间85 min.结果:10批地锦草样品得到的高效液相指纹图谱有24个共有峰,各共有峰之间的分离度较好,各批次指纹图谱相似度≥0.90.结论:地锦草药材的指纹图谱特征性及专属性强,可用于地锦草药材的鉴别及质量控制.     

三七精准煮散饮片的研制——质量均一性分析

目的:饮片质量均一性是中药临床疗效稳定的基础,利用化学指纹图谱结合DNA分子鉴定技术考察三七精准煮散饮片与市售原饮片质量的均一性。方法:应用第二内转录间隔区(ITS2)序列DNA条形码对三七饮片进行分子鉴定;对比三七市售原饮片及精准煮散饮片的干膏收率;采用HPLC-DAD检测3批三七饮片混合粉碎前后的质量均一性和指纹图谱相似度。结果:三七煮散饮片出膏率显著高于原饮片出膏率;不同批次原饮片间指标成分三七皂苷R_1,人参皂苷Rg_1及Rb_1溶出量有明显的差异性,RSD分别为13.1%,32.7%及24.5%,混合制成煮散饮片后溶出量差异减小,RSD分别为3.6%,2.6%及3.5%;精准煮散饮片提取液中化学成分溶出量较原饮片高。混合粉碎后指纹图谱相似度提高,标定了共有峰14个,峰面积均有提高。结论:三七精准煮散饮片与市售原饮片基本属性相一致,但煮散饮片的浸出、有效成分溶出及质量均一性均有明显提高,提示煮散饮片可提高临床用药的精准性。     

根茎类药材丹参精准煮散饮片的质量评价

目的:对丹参精准煮散饮片进行质量评价,为临床用药安全有效提供保障。方法:应用第二内转录间隔区(ITS2)序列作为DNA条形码对丹参进行鉴定,采用化学指纹图谱表征药材化学组成,评价丹参原饮片及精准煮散饮片的相似度,测定指标成分丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸的含量,标定指纹图谱共有峰。采用标准汤剂煎煮法比较原饮片及精准煮散饮片的煎煮效率,对煮散体系进行综合评价。结果:ITS2序列对丹参药材可实现准确鉴定;原饮片及煮散饮片煎出成分基本无变化,指纹图谱相似度均很高,达到0.99以上,但是煮散饮片煎煮效率明显增高。按标准汤剂煎煮法,煮散饮片出膏率增加30%,迷迭香酸及丹酚酸B的煎出率均约1.7倍,其余化学成分的煎出率为原饮片的1.2~2.2倍;且精准煮散饮片差异明显小于原饮片批间差异。结论:丹参精准煮散饮片能提高原饮片的煎煮效率及均一性,具有较好的推广与应用价值。     

何首乌配方颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱及化学成分归属

目的:建立何首乌配方颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱,并对其主要的共有峰进行成分归属,为配方颗粒的快速质量评价提供方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法,以Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18) RRHD(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱,流动相乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,流速0.4 m L·min~(-1),柱温30℃,同时采用飞行时间质谱法对指纹图谱中的主要化学成分进行归属。结果:建立了何首乌配方颗粒的UPLC指纹图谱,确定了12个共有峰,并对其中5个共有峰进行了指认,各何首乌配方颗粒样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱相似度均0.9。结论:该方法简单、准确、快速、重复性好,能有效地对何首乌配方颗粒的质量进行快速评价。     

基于谱效相关的何首乌抗血小板聚集药效物质研究

应用体外抗血小板聚集生物活性检测方法,并结合化学指纹图谱进行谱效相关分析,探索何首乌抗血小板聚集的活性物质。采用体外抗血小板聚集法进行检测,何首乌50%乙醇提取物的抗血小板聚集作用强于10%或90%的乙醇提取物,超声提取优于回流提取。对正交试验的不同提取物进行抗血小板聚集活性评价,抑制率在32.03%~74.56%。谱效相关分析结果表明,反式二苯乙烯苷、顺式二苯乙烯苷、儿茶素与抗血小板聚集活性的相关系数较高且具有统计学意义,分别为0.963(P0.01),0.902(P0.01)和0.656(P0.05);进一步对上述3种与活性相关系数较高化合物的单体进行活性验证,均有较好的抗血小板聚集活性;最后根据3种单体化合物在何首乌中的含量差异计算相对活性贡献度可知,反式二苯乙烯苷是何首乌体外抗血小板聚集的主要活性物质。     

侧柏叶煮散饮片煎煮质量评价

目的：对比侧柏叶煮散饮片与市售原饮片煎煮质量。方法：应用ITS2序列作为DNA条形码对侧柏叶进行分子鉴定,采用化学指纹图谱表征药材化学组成,评价市售饮片及精准煮散饮片的相似度,测定指标成分槲皮苷的含量,标定指纹图谱共有峰。同时,采用标准汤剂煎煮法,比较市售饮片及精准煮散饮片的煎煮效率,对煮散体系进行综合评价。结果：ITS2序列对侧柏叶药材可实现准确鉴定。与原饮片比较,煮散饮片煎煮效率有所增加,且指纹图谱相似度有所提高,但按标准汤剂煎煮法,煮散饮片出膏率增加20%左右,指标性成分槲皮苷的含量未有显著增长,其余化学成分的煎出率也没有明显变化。结论：精准煮散饮片在一定程度上有利于提高侧柏叶的煎煮效率及药材均一性。     

五味消毒饮口服液HPLC指纹图谱的建立及6种指标性成分定量测定

目的建立五味消毒饮口服液(WXOL)的HPLC法特征指纹图谱,并同时测定绿原酸、木犀草苷、木犀草素、蒙花苷、咖啡酸、秦皮乙素6种主要指标成分的量。方法采用Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪进行色谱分析,色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为0.5%醋酸水溶液-甲醇,梯度洗脱:0~10 min,10%~32%甲醇;10~20 min,32%甲醇;20~25 min,32%~46%甲醇;25~31 min,46%~48%甲醇;31~41 min,48%~80%甲醇;体积流量为1 m L/min;检测波长为320 nm;柱温为30℃;采用国家药典委员会出版的《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012年版)对10批WXOL化学成分指纹图谱进行相似度评价,并采用多成分同时测定法对6种指标性成分进行定量测定。结果 10批WXOL HPLC特征指纹图谱相似度均大于0.98,共17个共有峰,各峰分离度较好。通过对照品比对确定了其中绿原酸(5号峰)、秦皮乙素(7号峰)、咖啡酸(8号峰)、木犀草苷(12号峰)、蒙花苷(16号峰)、木犀草素(17号峰)6个成分,10批WXOL中绿原酸量为54.038 3~105.551 1μg/m L,秦皮乙素量为4.122 1~31.359 9μg/m L,咖啡酸量为2.413 0~4.420 7μg/m L,木犀草苷量为4.042 8~11.312 8μg/m L,蒙花苷量为3.866 3~46.271 9μg/m L,木犀草素量为0.990 8~2.126 8μg/m L。不同批次间各指标性成分量变化较小,样品质量较稳定。结论所建立的HPLC特征指纹图谱结合多指标成分定量测定的方法,稳定性、重复性较好,有利于保证WXOL质量均一,对其质量控制具有参考价值。