肺保护性通气策略在腹部和胸部手术中应用的研究进展

肺保护性通气策略(lung protective ventilation strategy,LPVS)的应用是近年来在急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,ALI/ARDS)治疗中的重要进展。ALI/ARDS患者采用保护性通气策略,能够改善气体交换和氧合,降低肺泡及循环内炎性因子的水平,缩短机械通气时间,降低患者病死率[1,2]。但对于非ALI/ARDS需要全身麻醉进行手术的病人,采用LPVS是否受益尚不明确[3]。胸部和腹部手术时间较长、创伤较大,本文对腹部和胸部手术中LPVS应用的研究进展文献总结如下。     

FloTrac/Vigileo~(TM)监测剖宫产预注血管活性药对产妇腰硬联合麻醉后血流动力学及新生儿的影响

目的分析采用FloTrac/Vigileo~(TM)监测剖宫产中预注血管活性药对腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)后产妇血流动力学及新生儿的影响。方法选取择期在CSEA下行剖宫产术的产妇90例,随机分成三组各30例,分别为麻黄碱组(M组)、间羟胺组(J组)和对照组(S组)。M组给予泵注麻黄碱10 mg/min,J组给予泵注间羟胺0.3 mg/min,S组给予泵注同等容量的生理盐水。对三组产妇在围手术期不同时间点的MAP、HR、CO、不良反应发生率、新生儿状况等进行对比分析。结果 M组、J组产妇低血压和恶心呕吐发生率显著低于S组(P<0.05),且MAP在麻醉后比较稳定。三组新生儿Apgar评分及p H值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论预注麻黄碱、间羟胺用于CSEA下剖宫产使产妇血流动力学更稳定,可以有效预防低血压和恶心呕吐,对新生儿无明显影响。Flo Trac/Vigileo系统可用于产妇剖宫产术中持续有效地监测血流动力学的变化,值得关注。     

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.     

急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达研究

目的 探讨急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)表达研究。 方法 选择舟山市普陀区人民医院和浙江省人民医院于2014年1月—2017年12月收治的急性白血病患者171例,分析医院感染发生率、病原菌分布及主要病原菌耐药情况。取患者骨髓组织病理切片,采用免疫组化染色法测定HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达,以平均光密度值进行定量分析。 结果 急性白血病住院患者171例,发生医院感染患者54例(医院感染率为31.58%);感染部位以呼吸道、口腔和胃肠道为主,分别占35.19%、24.07%和16.67%;共分离病原菌71株,革兰阴性菌39株占54.93%;71株病原菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌15株占21.13%、金黄色葡萄球菌12株占16.90%、铜绿假单胞菌10株占14.08%、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌9株占12.68%。分离的革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮耐药率较高,耐药率为53.33%;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林耐药率较高,耐药率为60.00%。分离的革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为75.00%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为66.67%。感染组骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF平均光密度值高于未感染组而Bcl-2平均光密度值低于未感染组,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 结论 急性白血病住院患者医院感染率较高,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且感染患者骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF呈高表达而Bcl-2呈低表达,具有重要研究意义。      

左卡尼汀联合血液透析对尿毒症患者Treg/Th17细胞、血清炎症因子和肾功能指标的影响

目的探究左卡尼汀联合尿毒症血液透析对尿毒症患者调节性T细胞(Treg)/辅助性T细胞17(Th17)细胞、血清炎症因子及肾功能指标的影响。方法将2016年6月至2018年7月河南省南阳市中心医院收治的80例尿毒症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组给予普通血液透析治疗,观察组给予左卡尼汀联合血液透析治疗,比较2组治疗前后Treg/Th17细胞水平、营养指标、炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CPR)]、肾功能指标[肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量]变化,并统计并发症发生情况。结果治疗后观察组Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Treg/Th17细胞水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组营养指标改善情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、hs-CPR、SCr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组并发症发生率12.50%(5/40)显著低于对照组32.50%(13/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外源性补充左卡尼汀可帮助血液透析尿毒症患者维持较好的营养状态,改善机体微环境、免疫功能及炎症反应,减轻肾功能损伤,且安全性良好。