A porcine G9 rotavirus strain shares neutralization and VP7 phylogenetic sequence lineage 3 characteristics with contemporary human G9 rotavirus strains

Of five globally important VP7 (G) serotypes (G1-4 and 9) of group A rotaviruses (the single most important etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea worldwide), G9 continues to attract considerable attention because of its unique natural history. Serotype G9 rotavirus was isolated from a child with diarrhea first in the United States in 1983 and subsequently in Japan in 1985. Curiously, soon after their detection, G9 rotaviruses were not detected for about a decade in both countries and then reemerged in both countries in the mid-1990s. Unexpectedly, however, such reemerged G9 strains were distinct genetically and molecularly from those isolated in the 1980s. Thus, the origin of the reemerged G9 viruses remains an enigma. Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the G9 rotavirus VP7 gene belongs to one of at least three phylogenetic lineages: lineage 1 (strains isolated in the 1980s in the United States and Japan), lineage 2 (strains first isolated in 1986 and exclusively in India thus far), and lineage 3 (strains that emerged/reemerged in the mid-1990s). Currently, lineage 3 G9 viruses are the most frequently detected G9 strains globally. We characterized a porcine rotavirus (A2 strain) isolated in the United States that was known to belong to the P[7] genotype but had not been serotyped by neutralization. The A2 strain was found to bear serotype G9 and P9 specificities as well as NSP4 [B] and subgroup I characteristics. By VP7-specific neutralization, the porcine G9 strain was more closely related to lineage 3 viruses than to lineage 1 or 2 viruses. Furthermore, by sequence analysis, the A2 VP7 was shown to belong to lineage 3 G9. These findings raise intriguing questions regarding possible explanations for the emergence of variations among the G9 strains.     

Nonlinear structural and material properties and models: The pulmonary trunk

General models are developed for static and dynamic geometric and material passive responses. The models are applied to data obtained from the main pulmonary arteries of calves and dogs. The structural model predicts distortions by simultaneous stretching and bending in a concise manner. Parameters are obtained by a fiveelement material model. This latter predicts static and dynamic, nonlinear, frequency-dependent, viscoelastic responses observed in biomaterials over the entire strain range irrespective of the nature of loading. Validity and baseline parameter values are investigated for the inactivated state, developed by poisoning the smooth muscle with potassium cyanide. Complexities, related to nonlinear (strain-dependent) and colloidal (thixotropic) properties of tissues, are analyzed. These properties enter into functional responses in a complex manner that can modify substantially concepts of material components and vary appreciably between physiologic circumstances and laboratory evaluations. We propose that, in general, evaluations of material responses must account for these properties.     

大学生网络成瘾影响因素分析

目的探讨大学生网络成瘾的原因。方法采用中文网络成瘾量表、自尊量表、孤独量表、大学生日常生活压力调查表、自编大学生网络使用行为调查问卷，对1450名大学生进行了调查，回收有效问卷1038份。结果对大学生网络成瘾的现状、网络使用特征及心理特征进行调查，建立大学生网络成瘾影响因素模型。结论①大学生网络成瘾呈轻度、重度两种水平，这两种水平总流行率达到14．84％；②网络使用时间、娱乐上网、交易上网、人际上网与网络成瘾存在着显著正相关关系；③自尊、孤独、大学生日常生活压力对网络成瘾有很好的预测作用；④网络成瘾是特定的个体心理特征与特定的网络使用行为、外部环境交互作用的结果。     

Epidemiology,characterization, and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is characterized by a heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. The absence of diagnostic criteria and the lack of clinical trials is a challenge in clinical practice.

Areas covered: A literature review was performed to describe epidemiology, characterization (clinical, immunological, and imaging), diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE. Classification criteria have been the first step towards a uniform definition. More recently, different attribution models have been developed to help to determine if the NP event is due to SLE. Disease activity is a major risk factor for NP events. Cytokines and autoantibodies are associated with NP events, however, only a few studies have identified risk factors for individual NP events.

Expert opinion: Further research needs to search for and validate biomarkers for NPSLE and individual NP events, including neuroimaging findings, attribution models, and serologic markers. This will be a fundamental step in planning randomized control trials in the treatment of NPSLE to improve outcome.     

柯萨奇病毒B组3型四川分离株的基因特征分析

目的了解从四川省急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例和手足口(hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD)病例中分离到的柯萨奇病毒B组3型(Coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)的基因特征,探索其变异规律及在四川省的传播动态。方法对2008—2020年AFP病例和2013—2019年非肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV 71)和柯萨奇A16型(Coxsackie virus A16,CVA 16)感染的HFMD病例标本进行细胞分离培养,血清学鉴定,全VP1基因序列的测定及核苷酸同源性和遗传进化的分析,用MEGA6.0软件以邻位连接法构建遗传进化树,bootstrap检验1 000次;以Kimura 2参数方法计算基因型间遗传距离。结果从2008—2020年4 378份四川省AFP病例标本中分离鉴定到13株CVB3,从2013—2019年四川省454份非EV 71和CVA16感染的HFMD病例标本中分离鉴定到1株CVB3。14株CVB3四川分离株之间核苷酸同源性为84.4~98.8%,氨基酸同源性为84.1~100.0%。14株CVB3均属于G基因型,其中11株在G1基因亚型,3株在G2基因亚型。结论四川省存在CVB3病毒的多条传播链,流行趋势呈现周期性变化;G1、G2两种基因亚型在四川省同时流行,G1基因亚型为四川省CVB3的优势基因亚型。     

四川省内中医医院医疗费用结构变动分析

目的分析四川省内中医医院医疗费用结构变动情况,为促进中医医院医疗费用精细化管理提供依据。方法采用描述性分析法和结构变动度方法对四川省内中医医院2014年-2019年门诊和住院医疗费用结构变动情况进行分析。结果门诊收入中,中药收入平均占比最高（31.46%）,手术收入平均占比最低（1.32%）;检查收入在2016年-2019年、中药收入和其他收入在2018年-2019年为负向变动;治疗收入贡献率呈先上升后下降特点,手术收入的贡献率和拉动力处于最小状态。住院收入中,其他收入平均占比最高（34.88%）,手术收入平均占比最低（5.41%）;检查收入从2016年起、治疗收入从2017年起、手术收入从2018年起为正向变动;中药收入贡献率和拉动力不断增强,手术收入的拉动力在2019年明显提升。结论住院中药收入占比较低,应拓展中医药服务项目;治疗收入和手术收入结构变动贡献率较小,要加强中医医院服务能力建设;检查收入和其他收入拉动力较大,要加强对医务人员医疗行为的监管。     

病例组合指数的内涵及应用探讨

国内普遍认为病例组合指数(CMI)属于医疗服务能力维度,体现收治疾病的疑难复杂程度和医疗服务的整体技术难度。通过结构方程模型分析发现,CMI与时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数等服务效率维度指标联系更紧密,与DRG组数、入组病例数及总权重等服务能力维度指标联系相对较弱,故应归属医疗服务效率维度。CMI的直接应用主要是对平均住院费用的预测控制及对科室绩效的评价;CMI的间接应用主要是对管理指标的调整/校正。医院管理者应准确把握CMI内涵,恰当应用CMI对不同层级及不同类别住院费用进行预测、评价与控制,并对其他管理指标进行调整后再评价。     

结构性营养护理对ICU脑卒中患者免疫功能、营养状况及神经功能的影响

目的：分析结构性营养护理用于重症监护室(ICU)脑卒中患者的效果。方法：选取在商丘市第一人民医院2020年1月至2020年12月诊治的140例ICU脑卒中患者,随机分成对照组、观察组,每组70例。对照组患者进行常规护理,观察组患者给予结构性营养干预,比较两组患者护理效果。结果：护理后,观察组患者美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者CD4⁺、CD8⁺、白细胞介素–6(IL–6)水平均低于对照组,CD4⁺/CD8⁺、白细胞介素–10(IL–10)水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);护理后,观察组患者日常饮食管理行为、饮食依从行为态度、遵医饮食行为、家属支持态度以及总分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论：对ICU脑卒中患者实施结构性的营养管理策略,能提高患者免疫功能...     

Pathways linking census tract typologies with subjective neighborhood disorder and depressive symptoms in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study

Depression is a common comorbidity among Black women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an understudied autoimmune disease characterized by major racial and gender inequities. Research is needed that examines how area-level factors influence risk of depression in this population. Latent profile analysis revealed four neighborhood typologies among metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia census tracts that participants (n=438) in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study were living in: Integrated/High-SES, Moderately Segregated/Mid-SES, Highly Segregated/Mid-SES, and Highly Segregated/Low-SES. Structural equation models indicated that highly segregated census tracts were associated with the greatest levels of depression via increased subjective assessments of neighborhood disorder. Policies that invest in segregated areas and address physical and social aspects of the environment that contribute to neighborhood disorder may promote mental health among Black women with SLE.     

重组血管生成抑制因子r—K4K5的分离纯化与功能鉴定

目的 分离纯化r-K4K5,探讨r-K4K5对牛毛血管内皮（BCE）细胞、鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）新生血管生成及实验性人肺腺癌SPC-A1生长的抑制作用。方法 通过盐析、凝胶过滤提纯r-K4K5,BCE细胞在含r-K4K5的DMEM中培养24、48、72h后分别计数;孵化7d的鸡胚加r-K4K5后继续孵育72h,观察新生血管生成;已经接种入SPC-A1肺腺癌组织的荷瘤裸小鼠（Balb/c,nu/nu）,瘤旁注射r-K4K5继续饲养,观察肿瘤生长变化。结果 r-K4K5抑制BCE细胞增殖,48～72h作用明显;r-K4K5处理的CAM组中直径小于50um的小血管明显减少;高剂量r-K4K5治疗的荷瘤裸小鼠组,平均瘤重与对照组比较有统计学意义。结论 r-K4K5能够抑制BCE细胞增殖,抑制鸡胚CAM新生血管生成,抑制实验性人SPC-A1肺腺瘤生长。