Adenylate cyclase in human gastric mucosa: its activation by histamine in morphologically different biopsy specimens

Summary In morphologically different biopsy specimens from fundic, antral and duodenal mucosa of 134 persons, basal and histamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied: Basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were log-normally distributed. Only in the fundic but not in the antral and duodenal mucosa adenylate cyclase was sensitive to histamine. The mean basal activity in the fundic gastric mucosa was 148, in response to 10^–5 mol/l histamine 292 pmol cAMP/mg protein/20 min. In human fundic biopsy specimens histologically identified as normal gastric mucosa, the stimulatory effect of histamine on adenylate cyclase decreased with the individual's age. In bioptic material from patients suffering from histologically proven chronic gastritis the histamine effect decreased with the degree of atrophy. A similar loss of histamine sensitivity was found in gastric mucosal biopsies of antrectomized individuals operated at least 5 years before by the Billroth I or II method, whereas in the mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer no loss occurred. In contrast, the most pronounced stimulatory action of histamine was found in this latter group. Since a histamine sensitive adenylate cyclase is localized only in the glandular area of the fundic mucosa and the histamine sensitivity depends on a morphological intact structure of the mucosa, it can be concluded, that the effects of histamine on adenylate cyclase and on hydrochloric acid secretion have to be considered as a mechanism linked together.This study was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Das Magengeschwür als energiebilanzproblem: Entwurf eines cellularen automaten zur simulation von verteilungsstörungen der magenwanddurchblutung

Zusammenfassung Ein cellularer Automat, der eine vereinfachte Abschätzung von Verteilungsmustern der Magendurchblutung erlaubt, wird beschrieben. Die auf der Basis des Energiebedarfs der Säuresekretion und der Morphologie der Magenstrombahn simulierbaren Umverteilungsphänomene stimmen in Form und Lage mit dem menschlichen Magengeschwür überein. Sonderfälle der peptischen' Läsion, wie das lineare Geschwür oder die peptische' Stenose der Speiseröhre, sind mit der Theorie des submucösen Steal-Phänomens zu vereinbaren.

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Gastric ulcer as a problem of energy balance: Design of a cellular automaton for simulation of disorders of blood flow distribution to the stomach wall

Summary A cellular automaton is described, which allows a simple simulation of patterns of gastric blood flow distribution. Effects of redistribution, which can be simulated on the basis of the energy requirements of acid secretion and the morphology of the gastric vascular bed, are isomorph to form and site of gastric ulcer in man. Special forms of the peptic lesion as linear ulcers or peptic stenoses of the oesophagus are consistent with the theory of a submucous steal-phenomenon.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Friedrich Stelzner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet     

基于经典测量理论与项目反应理论的消化性溃疡生命质量测定量表QLICD-PU(V2.0)条目分析

目的 运用经典测量理论与项目反应理论对消化性溃疡患者生命质量量表QLICD-PU(V2.0)的条目进行分析与评价,为量表的改进与完善提供依据。方法 应用QLICD-PU(V2.0)对170例消化性溃疡患者进行测评,采用经典测量理论中的变异度法、相关系数法、因子分析法、克朗巴赫系数法,同时应用项目反应理论中的Samejima等级反应模型计算每个条目的难度、区分度系数和信息量,来评价QLICD-PU(V2.0)量表条目的质量。结果 经典测量理论结果提示QLICD-PU(V2.0)共性模块中变异法计算在总的41个条目中条目标准差小于0.90的有7个; 在总的41个条目中有9个条目与其所在领域的相关性比较低; 项目反应理论结果显示所有条目的区分度较好,取值范围均在1.01～1.69; 在总的41个条目中33个条目的难度系数取值范围在-3.94～3.70,且随着难度等级(B1→B4)的增加呈现出单调递增的趋势; 共性模块条目的平均信息量均较好,特异模块的平均信息量不太理想。结论 QLICD-PU(V2.0)量表所有条目区分度,大部分条目的难度以及共性模块平均信息量比较好,量表具较好的信度,但仍然有部分条目有待进一步修订并验证效果。     

前列地尔辅助硫辛酸治疗糖尿病足溃疡合并感染的临床效果

目的探讨前列地尔辅助硫辛酸治疗糖尿病足溃疡合并感染对患者胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平及足背血流动力学的影响。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的104例糖尿病足溃疡合并感染患者,采用随机数字表法将所选患者分为研究组(n=52)和对照组(n=52)。对照组给予硫辛酸进行治疗,研究组在此基础上给予前列地尔进行治疗,两组均治疗4周。比较两组治疗4周后的下肢静息疼痛改善情况,治疗前、治疗4周后的血清IGF-1、FN、VEGF水平及足背动脉血流速度和足背动脉内径,统计两组治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果治疗4周后,研究组下肢静息疼痛总改善率为96.15%,高于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比,治疗4周后,两组血清IGF-1、FN、VEGF水平及足背动脉血流速度、足背动脉内径均升高,且研究组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率为5.77%,低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论前列地尔辅助硫辛酸治疗糖尿病足溃疡合并感染,可显著提高患者血清IGF-1、FN、VEGF水平,改善其足背血流动力学,并能缓解患者下肢静息疼痛,降低不良反应发生率。     

改良五孔法腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的应用价值

目的:探讨改良五孔法在困难腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术中的临床应用价值。方法:根据病例纳入与排除标准,筛选2017年12月至2020年5月收治的50例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者,研究组(n=25)行改良五孔法腹腔镜穿孔修补术,对照组(n=25)行非改良五孔法腹腔镜穿孔修补术,对比分析两组临床疗效。结果:研究组与对照组手术时间分别为(67.0±29.5)min与(85.4±51.5)min,术后住院时间分别为(10.4±2.7)d与(10.9±4.8)d,术后分别发生消化道瘘1例与2例,术后均死亡1例,对照组发生切口感染3例;两组手术时间、术后住院时间、消化道瘘、死亡率与切口感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中转开腹1例,对照组为6例,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良五孔法行腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补安全、有效,尤其对于复杂困难病例优势明显,降低了中转开腹率,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

消化性溃疡并发出血危险因素研究

目的 :通过对 36 8例消化性溃疡的分析 ,研究非甾体类消炎药 (NSAIDs)服用史、幽门螺杆菌 (HP)感染、性别、溃疡部位、内镜下溃疡大小、出血病史等因素对溃疡并发出血的影响及其相互关系。方法 :比较年龄、NSAIDs服用史、HP感染、性别、部位、内镜下溃疡大小、出血病史等因素对上消化道出血危险性的影响 ,以及上述因素之间的相互作用关系。结果 :服用NSAIDs患者中 ,出血占 74 % ,未出血占 2 6 % ,与上消化道危险性相关系数为 6 7相比 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;溃疡出血随年龄增加而增加 ,出血患者中 ,5 0岁以下组为 2 7% ,6 0岁以下组为36 % ,超过 80岁组则为 79% ;对于出血的危险性 ,HP感染阳性率差别不大 (85 %vs 88% ,P >0 0 5 ) ,HP感染并不增加消化道出血的危险性 ,但与服用NSAIDs (OR =6 7)及年龄 (OR =3 6 )因素联合可明显增加出血危险性。其他因素与溃疡并发出血无明显关系。结论 :服用NSAIDs及年龄是Pu患者并发出血的重要原因 ,HP感染并不增加溃疡患者出血危险性 ,但服用NSAIDs及年龄等因素与溃疡出血危险密切相关     

小儿消化性溃疡并出血66例临床分析

探讨小儿消化性溃疡并出血６６例。方法：纤维内窥镜检查证实３６例,胃肠钡餐造影确诊３０例。结果：内科保守治疗６４例,外科手术治疗２例。并对小儿消化性溃疡并出血的高危因素进行分析,发现与年龄、环境、长期误诊误治及血型均有一定关系。     

Laparoscopic transgastric suturing for bleeding peptic ulcers

Background: Peptic ulcers are a frequent cause of upper G.I. bleeding. Since endoscopic methods may be unsuccessful, we have studied the feasibility of a new laparoscopic approach on a porcine model to control the bleeding of these ulcers with transgastric suturing. Methods: After approval of the Animal Ethics Committee, 20 pigs (20 kg) were anticoagulated with intravenous sodium heparin (400 U/kg), and anesthetized. A nasogastric tube was inserted and a 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum was created. Two 10-mm trocars and one 5-mm trocar were inserted through the abdominal cavity for laparoscopic guidance of three 7-mm endoluminal trocars inside the stomach through the anterior wall. Two posterior gastric ulcers were mechanically made on each pig by a lift and cut technique. Ulcers were observed for at least 1 min for evidence of continued bleeding. First, bleeding ulcers were treated with sclerosing agents (epinephrine and ethanolmine oleate 5%); following sclerotherapy, ulcers were sutured intraluminaly with 2-0 silk, with intracorporeal knots. Results: Ulcers created extended into the vascular submucosa and averaged 7 mm in diameter. Bleeding rate was variable, but significant (2 cm³/min) in 40%. It was technically possible to suture these ulcers in 80%. Bleeding was controlled in 95% of cases with sclerotherapy and intraluminal sutures. One perforation of the posterior gastric wall occurred and four endoluminal trocars had to be reinserted after dislodgement. Conclusions: It is possible to technically control bleeding ulcers in most cases with a laparoscopic transgastric technique using sclerosing agent and intraluminal sutures. This approach is promising for future human application; also, the intragastric suturing skills developed may be useful for other surgical interventions.Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

Accuracy of a rapid 10-minute carbon-14 urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease

Urease in the human gastric mucosa is a marker for infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP), an organism which is associated with peptic ulcer disease. To detect gastric urease, we examined 184 patients (144 males, 40 females; mean age: 49.8±15.6 years) with suspected peptic ulcer disease. Fasting patients were given orally 5 Ci of carbon-14 labelled urea. From each patient only one breath sample was collected in hyamine at 10 min. The amount of ¹⁴C collected at 10 min was expressed as follows: [(DPM/mmol CO₂ collected)/(DPM administered)] × 100 × body weight (kg). The presence of HP colonization was determined by examination of multiple endoscopic prepyloric antral biopsy specimens subjected to culture or a rapid urease test. For the purpose of this study, HP-positive patients were defined as those with characteristic bacteria as indicated by a positive result of either the culture or the rapid urease test; HP-negative patients were defined as those with negative findings on both the culture and the rapid urease test. Of the 184 cases, 99 (53.8%) were positive for HP infection, and 85 (46.2%), negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid 10 min ¹⁴C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of HP-associated peptic ulcer disease were evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with a variable cut-off value from 1.5 to 4.5. When a cut-off value of 1.5 was selected, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity, 83.5%; when a cut-off value of 4.5 was selected, the sensitivity was 54.5% and the specificity, 97.6%. Correspondence to: Chia-Hung Kao     

半夏泻心汤及其拆方对慢性胃溃疡大鼠溃疡灶形态变化的影响

目的：对半夏泻心汤进行拆方研究，观察其对慢性胃溃疡（CGU）大鼠模型的治疗作用，以便进一步指导临床实践。方法：制备大鼠慢性胃溃疡模型，检测溃疡灶肉芽组织及溃疡灶表面黏膜厚度等指标的变化。结果：半夏泻心汤及其拆方各组对慢性胃溃疡大鼠模型溃疡灶肉芽组织及溃疡灶表面黏膜生长均有不同程度的影响。拆方各组中，部分药组之间呈协同的作用趋势，部分药组之间呈制约趋势。结论：半夏泻心汤能够促进溃疡灶肉芽组织的良好生长，促进溃疡灶表面黏膜的生长覆盖，从而达到促进溃疡愈合、降低愈合后溃疡复发的治疗作用。拆方分析显示，本文甘补组药物在促进溃疡愈合、降低愈合后溃疡复发方面发挥着主要作用，而全方组则表现出最佳效果，不仅印证了张仲景组方用药的合理性和科学性，也为进一步认识中医“辛开苦降甘补法”的作用机制提供了一定的实验依据。同时，对于指导临床治疗消化性溃疡中医用药以及新药开发等，都具有一定的参考价值。