Influence of neurotransplantation on rats'' behavior with different conditions of reinforcement

Recently, we have reported a marked rat lateralization in the T-maze choice. Embryonic rat tissue from neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala was transplanted into intact rat brains in various combinations: 1) neocortex and hypothalamus (Neo + Hyp); 2) hippocampus and amygdala (Hipp + Amyg); 3) neocortex and hippocampus (Neo + Hipp); and 4) hypothalamus and amygdala (Hyp + Amyg). Once under conditions in which reinforcement was equally qualitative and equally probable, rats in all groups chose the T-maze arm contralateral to the side of implantation. In a second set of experiments, rats were presented a choice between quality and probability of reinforcement. The right arm of the T-maze contained a cup of water 33% of the time (high-quality but low-probability reinforcement). The left sleeve contained a solution of 0.15% quinine in water 100% of the time (low quality but high probability of reinforcement). Rats that received Neo + Hyp transplants chose the T-maze arm that always contained a drink cup with water significantly more often than they chose the arm that always contained the drink cup with quinine solution. Rats that received Hipp + Amyg transplants chose the arm containing the drink cup with quinine solution much more often than the arm that sometimes contained a cup of water. Rats with transplanted Neo + Hyp generally were more active than rats with transplanted Hipp + Amyg. These data suggest that the behavior of rats can be affected by selective transplantation of different brain tissue.     

Assessment of mortality in the construction industry in the United States, 1984–1986

Construction, one of the larger industries in the United States, employs 7.6 million workers, many in skilled trades occupations. Previously published data about potential worksite exposures and mortality of construction site workers are limited. We analyzed occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 19 U.S. states to evaluate mortality risks among men and women usually employed in construction occupations. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for cancer and several other chronic diseases were significantly elevated among 61,682 white male construction workers who died between 1984 and 1986. Men younger than age 65, who were probably still employed immediately prior to death, had significantly elevated PMRs for cancer, asbestos-related diseases, mental disorders, alcohol-related disease, digestive diseases, falls, poisonings, traumatic fatalities that are usually work-related, and homicides. Elevated PMRs for many of the same causes were observed to a lesser degree for black men and white women whose usual industry was construction. In addition, women experienced excess cancer of the connective tissue and suicide mortality. Various skilled construction trades had elevated PMRs for specific sites, such as bone cancer and melanoma in brickma-sons, stomach cancer in roofers and brickmasons, kidney and bone cancer in concrete/terrazzo finishers, nasal cancer in plumbers, pulmonary tuberculosis in laborers, scrotal cancer and aplastic anemia in electricians, acute myeloid leukemia in boilermakers, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis in electrical power installers, and lung cancer in structural metal workers. Using a standard population of blue collar workers did not result in fewer elevated PMRs for construction workers. Despite lifestyle differences and other limitations of the study, the large numbers of excess deaths observed in this study indicate the need for preventive action for construction workers. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

关于加强医院计算机应用指导的新思路

作者根据多年来在医院管理领域开发应用计算机的亲身体会,分析了目前医院计算机的应用状况和工作开展的难点,深深感到HIS的开发和应用绝非仅仅是一个医院的问题,而是行业的一项重要战略任务。上级主管部门如何正确引导、积极推进、合理规范,医院希望得到哪些帮助和支持,作者对此提出了自己的一些见解和思路。     

诗美的构建与特性

诗美是诗存在的本质基础 ,通过人的感官去发现诗美、借助语言来传递诗美是诗人的主要任务。诗歌创作活动是诗人构建诗美的创造活动。诗人进行的是在人的智能条件下和情感状态下 ,对自然信息解码和用语言符号重新编码的工作。诗美的构建反映出诗与世界及人的关系 :写诗是认识世界及生活的语言艺术手段 ,诗美是存在于世界 (客观与主观世界 )中 ,由诗人去发现和提炼 (再创造 )。诗美具有物质美 (自然美 )的价值、语言结构美 (文体美 )的价值和情感美 (抒情美)的价值 ,是物体的美、艺术的美和生命的美的和谐统一。诗的文本的诗美具有稳定性与模糊性 ,可以分为形式的美和内容的美两大类     

道德需要与公民道德建设

道德需要是推动个人产生道德行为的原动力 ,道德需要与人们的利益不是对立的 ,而是统一的 ,道德需要应该而且可以成为公民自觉自愿的追求。社会主义市场经济为道德需要的形成提供了坚实的物质基础、良好的社会环境和内在动力。“道德需要”理论强调在道德活动中主体的需要、能力、评价居核心地位 ,从而突出了人在道德建设中的主体地位和能动作用 ;“道德需要”理论同样强调道德建设中的实事求是原则 ,着眼于大多数群众的现实道德状况和道德需要 ,体现了道德建设向现实世界回归的趋势 ;“道德需要”理论着眼于人的自身发展和完善 ,着眼于人的全面而自由发展 ,体现了道德教育的人文关怀。     

山东铝业公司生活区规划建设引发四害生态环境变化及应变防制对策探讨

目的 调查山东铝业公司生活区规划建设对四害生态环境的影响。方法 生活区规划建设对四害生态环境影响的利弊进行比较。结果 拆除122排平房，封堵166栋楼房的垃圾通道。设立农贸，食品综合市场，清理整顿占道经营，清理疏通水沟，清理背街小巷，房前屋后各种建筑垃圾等，环境整改措施极大地破坏了四害生态环境。生活区集中供应冷暖风，同合热岛效应，气候变暖等因素的综合影响，使蜚蠊，蚊，蝇等在3，4月份形成一个密度高峰，且使绿化地蚊密度增高。结论 将破坏四害生态环境的整改方案纳入生活区规划建设中，领导重视，各项资金到位是根本保证，在环境整治后，及时调整化学药物消杀方向，加强春初和越冬蚊，蝇，蜚蠊的消杀工作。     

满足病人合理需求促进医院全面建设

如何认识和满足新形势下病人的合理需求，是当今医疗机构亟待解决的课题。文章在简要分析医疗消费新特征、依法界定病人合理需求的基础上，结合医院实际，从树立良好医德、提供优势服务、完善服务保障等方面，就市场经济条件下如何满足病人的合理需求，促进医院的全面建设和发展，进行了探讨。     

跨世纪的医院学科发展与建设

在２１世纪即将到来之际，医院的学科建设已显示出其主导医院发展的强劲趋势。医院的学科建设正经历着从传统的分科向现代的专科化、综合中心化转变；从专业技术特色向功能优化拓展；从依靠学科带头人转向注重学科带头人与人才梯队结构合理并举；从注重重点学科的带动效应到强调学科建设层次的动态管理；从信息的单向、双向交流向国内乃至国外网络自动化发展；从投资的重点倾斜向追求发展和投资效益转变的发展过程。作者结合学科建设的实践，面向２１世纪，提出了大型综合性医院跨世纪的学科发展模式和建设构想：学科建设应以功能为目的实现最优组合；以科技为先导保证高新起点；以人才为基础增强发展后劲；以信息为保障提高质量效率；以评估为手段促进公平竞争；以医院规模与任务为目标统筹协调发展。     

军队医院规划建设探讨

医院规划建设是医院发展建设的顶层设计，直接关系到医院发展建设的统筹性、协调性以及可持续性，对提高发展效率、避免建设浪费、有效配置资源、加快发展速度有若现实指导意义。本就军队医院规划建设的步骤、项目、内容和规划建设要则进行了探讨，并就如何进一步提高军队医院规划建设质量，不断增强规划的法规意识和全员意识进行了探讨。     

含变形链球菌PAcA基因的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-PAcA的构建与鉴定

目的 :构建含有免疫刺激序列、可防止变形链球菌在牙面粘附的DNA疫苗。方法 :利用PCR技术由质粒pPAcA CTA2 B扩增编码PAcA的DNA片段 ;通过T A克隆技术将目的DNA片段克隆于载体pMD1 8 T ,鉴定插入方向后 ,将目的DNA从载体上释放 ,再克隆于含有CpG免疫刺激序列的真核表达载体pcDNA3 .1 ,构建出用作防龋疫苗的真核表达质粒pcDNA3 .1 PAcA。结果 :通过对重组质粒pcDNA3 .1 PAcA进行酶切图谱和DNA序列测定分析 ,证明真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3 .1 PAcA构建成功、阅读框架正确。结论 :利用T A克隆等技术可成功将编码PAcA的DNA片段克隆到含有免疫刺激序列CpG的真核表达载体pcDNA3 .1 ,构建出真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3 .1 PAcA。