浙贝母药材中贝母素甲含量的测定方法比较研究

目的：比较高效液相色谱法与薄层色谱扫描法测定浙贝母药材中贝母素甲含量的结果差异。方法：分别采用2种方法测定浙贝母中贝母素甲的含量，比较2种方法对测定结果的精密性与准确性及对不同批药材测定结果的差异。结果：通过方法比较，采用高效液相色谱法测定结果的精密性与准确性均较好，且采用高效液相色谱法测定结果偏高。结论：采用高效液相色谱法测定能更好地控制本品质量。     

聚酰胺薄膜色谱鉴别栽培的川贝母

目的建立栽培川贝母的薄层鉴别方法。方法将样品的70%甲醇提取物水解并进一步精制后,在聚酰胺薄膜上展开,置365 nm荧光下观察。结果聚酰胺薄膜色谱上可得到栽培川贝母特有的荧光斑点。结论该鉴别栽培川贝母专属性较强,可区别栽培川贝母和其他贝母。     

对历版《中国药典》所载川贝品种的探讨

目的:探讨历版《中国药典》所载川贝药材的商品分类。方法:先用显微镜镜检松贝、青贝粉末,再分析川贝4个来源的化学成分和各来源的市场价格。结果:从显微镜镜检结果来看,松贝、青贝的区别比较明显;从化学成分分析结果来看,川贝4个品种的区别亦很明显,提示其药效存在差异;从市场需求角度来看,松贝、炉贝的价格悬殊。结论:川贝母不应当只指一种药材,而应是"一类"药材,宜将"川贝母"一分为四:分别以卷叶贝母、暗紫贝母(松贝)、甘肃贝母(岷贝)、炉贝母各列专条。     

川贝母化学成分和药理作用研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析

川贝母为我国传统名贵药材,药用历史悠久。川贝母中含有包括生物碱、有机酸及其酯、核苷、甾醇及其苷、多糖、挥发油等多类化学成分,具有镇咳、祛痰、平喘、镇静镇痛、抗炎抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等作用。对川贝母化学成分已有研究报道的主要类型和主要药效成分的药理作用进行了系统综述。同时,基于质量标志物(Q-Marker)的概念,从药用植物亲缘学及化学成分相似性和特有性、传统功效、传统药性、现代药效研究、化学成分可测性、不同配伍及不同加工方法等方面对川贝母Q-Marker进行预测分析,建议对川贝母的贝母素甲、贝母素乙、贝母辛、西贝素及总皂苷等成分进行系统深入地分析,为川贝母质量标准的制定及评价体系的建立提供科学依据。     

Bulbus arteriosus of the antarctic teleosts. I. The white‐blooded Chionodraco hamatus

The bulbus arteriosus of teleost fish is a thick‐walled chamber that extends between the single ventricle and the ventral aorta. The functional importance of the bulbus resides in the fact that it maintains a steady blood flow into the gill system through heart contraction. Despite of this, a thorough study of the structure of the bulbus in teleost fish is still lacking. We have undertaken a morphologic study of the bulbus arteriosus in the stenothermal teleosts of the Antarctic sea. The structural organization of the bulbus arteriosus of the icefish Chionodraco hamatus has been studied here by conventional light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The inner surface of the bulbus shows a festooned appearance due to the presence of longitudinal, unbranched ridges that extend between the ventricle and the arterial trunk. The wall of the bulbus is divided into endocardial, subendocardial, middle, and external layers. Endocardial cells show a large number of moderately‐dense bodies. The endocardium invaginates into the subendocardium forming solid epithelial cords that contain numerous secretory vacuoles. Cells in the subendocardium group into small domains, have some of the morphological characteristics of smooth muscle cells, and appear enmeshed in a three‐dimensional network of matrix filaments. Cells in the middle layer are typical smooth muscle cells. They appear arranged into layers and are surrounded by a filamentous meshwork that excludes collagen fibers. Orientation of this meshwork occurs in the vicinity of the smooth muscle cells. Elastin fibers are never observed. The external layer is formed by wavy collagen bundles and fibroblast‐like cells. This layer lacks blood vessels and nerve fibers. The endocardium and the endocardium‐derived cords are secretory epithelia that may be involved in the formation of mucins or glycosaminoglycans. These mucins may have a protecting effect on the endocardium. The subendocardium and the middle layer appear to be formed by the same cell type, smooth muscle, with a gradient of differentiation from the secretory (subendocardium) to the contractile (middle layer) phenotype. Despite the absence of elastin fibers, the filamentous matrix could maintain the elastic properties of the bulbus wall. Smooth muscle cells appear to be actively involved in bulbus wall dynamics. The restriction of collagen to the external layer suggests that it may control wall dilatation and bulbus compliance.When comparison was possible, structural differences between C. hamatus and temperate teleosts seemed to be not species‐related, but of phenotypic adaptative significance. This is remarkable since Antarctic fishes have lived isolated in freezing waters for the last two million years. Anat Rec 254:396–407, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

大蒜对食管癌前病变的影响及与免疫关系的实验研究

本文旨在研究大蒜对食管癌的预防作用。选用Wistar大鼠84只,皮下注射1％甲基戊基亚硝胺溶液5mg/kg,每周一次。给此致癌药前,实验组大鼠用50％大蒜液灌胃,10m1/kg,每周六次;对照组给等量生理盐水。105天后,发现大蒜对甲基戊基亚硝胺诱发大鼠食管癌前病变具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),增加脾脏指数(P<0.001)和外周血T淋巴细胞百分率(P<0.01)。结果提示大蒜具有预防食管癌作用,可能与它的增强免疫作用有关。     

RP-HPLC同时测定贝母药材中5种核苷类化合物

目的:建立一种同时测定贝母药材中核5种苷类化合物尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、胸苷、腺苷的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用Welch Materials XB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇-5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵-乙酸缓冲盐(pH4.30)作为流动相,以1 mL.min-1的流速进行梯度洗脱(洗脱梯度程序为:0~10 min,0%~1%A;10~20 min,1%~5%A;20~25 min,5%A;25~35 min,5%~30%A;35~37 min,30%~0%A;37~40 min,0%A);进样量20μL;检测波长260 nm。结果:在0.24~13.60 mg.L-1,各核苷类化合物的响应峰面积与其相应的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,r0.998 3;各待测物的日内精密度和日间精密度的RSD均小于2.1%;重复性良好(RSD5.5%);回收率范围在93.55%~101.88%,RSD3.0%。结论:不同种贝母药材中核苷类化合物的含量大致顺序为湖北贝母浙贝川贝≈平贝;本方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于贝母药材中核苷类化合物的含量测定,为全面开发利用贝母药材提供进一步依据。     

不同品种川贝母对小鼠复发性哮喘的疗效比较

目的 比较5个基源6个品种川贝母防治小鼠复发性哮喘的疗效.方法 81只雌性昆明小鼠按体质量均衡随机分为9组:模型组、对照组、地塞米松阳性对照组、6个品种川贝母醇提物给药组.除对照组外,其他各组小鼠于第1、7、14天sc卵白蛋白佐剂致敏,第22～28天以卵白蛋白生理盐水溶液雾化发敏.在造模同时,地塞米松组每天给药1次,每次0.6 mg/kg;川贝母醇提物每天给药1次,每次生药830 mg/kg均连续给药28 d,对照组给药同量0.1％羧甲基纤维素.检测肺泡灌洗液表面张力;HE染色法镜下观察肺组织病理变化,形态计量细支气管狭窄和肺泡体积差.结果 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠气管狭窄,肺泡体积差与肺洗液表面张力增加(P＜0.01);细支气管管壁充血、水肿、炎细胞浸润,腺体增生,黏液分泌亢进.川贝母各组小鼠病变减轻(P＜0.01);在增加肺表面活性物质、维持肺表面张力与肺泡体积差异上,暗紫贝母(松贝)和梭砂贝母作用突出;在减轻细支气管狭窄上,暗紫贝母(松贝)和太白贝母作用突出;减少炎性细胞浸润上,暗紫贝母(松贝)和甘肃贝母作用突出;在减轻腺体增生、内膜增厚上,暗紫贝母(松贝)和太白贝母作用突出.总体效果以暗紫贝母(松贝)最好.结论 6种川贝母在防治小鼠复发哮喘总体效果和作用环节上各有特色,应保护药用川贝母的品种多样性.     

~(60)Co-γ射线辐照贮藏对川贝母质量的影响

目的:研究~(60)Co-γ射线辐照贮藏对川贝母质量的影响。方法:对不同剂量~(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理过的川贝母的霉变、虫蛀情况进行观察,并对辐照和未辐照川贝母的总生物碱和水溶性核苷类成分进行含量比较。结果:经辐照后的川贝母的化学成分、感观形态无明显变化,能有效地防止霉变和虫蛀,明显延长药材的贮藏期;川贝母辐照前后总生物碱和水溶性核苷类成分无含量显著变化。结论:应用~(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌杀虫工艺可为富含淀粉及贵重中药材的贮藏提供有效方法。     

乌头属中药及其炮制品与浙贝母、川贝母配伍的化学研究

目的 通过考察川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、生附子、黑顺片分别与浙贝母、川贝母配伍前后双酯型生物碱的量,分析共煎液中乌头类生物碱之间的转化。方法 采用HPLC及电喷雾质谱技术,对川乌、草乌、生附子及其炮制品与浙贝母、川贝母配伍前后双酯型生物碱进行定量测定。结果 乌头属中药及其炮制品在与浙贝母配伍时能够抑制双酯型生物碱的水解转化,而与川贝母配伍对双酯型生物碱的水解转化则起到促进作用。结论 从化学成分量的变化方面分析,中药“十八反”之“乌头反贝母”并不是绝对的,乌头属中药及其炮制品与浙贝母配伍“相反”,与川贝母配伍“不反”。