运用变性高效液相色谱对肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBL进行基因分型

目的 通过运用变性高效液相色谱（DHPLC）技术对前期研究已确认产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株TEM型质粒进行基因分型,试图建立一种方便快捷的用于ESBL分子诊断及其流行病学监测的新方法.方法 利用PCR技术从肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株中扩增出TEM型质粒的编码序列,扩增产物运用DHPLC技术进行分析,分析提示,异常的样本通过测序确定其基因突变的类型,最后通过比对确定其基因型.结果 共分析了101例肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株,全部样本均扩增出TEM型质粒的编码序列,经过DHPLC分析,52例（51.4%）样本表现为单一的洗脱峰,其形态与TEM-1标准菌株的峰型相一致,测序确定它们的碱基序列亦相一致,不存在变异,为TEM-1型;49例（48.6%）样本表现为异常的洗脱峰,它们均为双峰,形态一致,但异源双链峰的高度有差异,测序结果表明它们均存在四种相同的基因突变,在NCBI网站比对后确定为TEM-116;测序结果还提示,部分样本中TEM-1和TEM-116混合存在,其比例的不同表现为DHPLC时异源双链峰高度的差异;文献检索表明,本次确定的TEM-116为一新的基因亚型,为国内首次报道.结论 DHPLC具有简便快捷、高通量和自动化的特点,重复性好,不仅可对已知突变作出即时诊断,还可发现新的基因亚型,不失为一种较好的ESBL分子诊断方法及其流行病学监测手段.     

华南地区质粒介导超广谱β-内酰胺酶的基因分型研究

目的：了解华南地区质粒介导超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的发生率及基因型特征。方法：收集2001年4月－9月革兰阴性菌临床分离无重复株共1184株，采用NCCLS表型筛选和确认试验进行了ESBLs产酶的识别，E-test法检测各亚型ESBLs的MICs值，质粒接合及电转化实验，耐药质粒提取及酶切指纹分析，等电聚焦电泳，PCR通用引物扩增TEM、SHV、CTX－M、VEB、PER、SFO基因及其克隆测序进行ESBLs基因分型和质粒定位。结果：革兰阴性苗ESBLs的检出率为14．6％（173／1184）；获得产ESBLs接合子67株，电转化子11株，其中产CTX－M－14型ESBLs为33．3％（26／78）、CTX－M－3为23．1％（18／78）、CTX－M－9为14．1％（11／78）及SHV-2a为2．6％（2／78），未定型为5．1％（4／78）；29．5％（23／78）野生株伴广谱酶TEM－1或SHV－1型；各型ESBLs基因约定位在35－190kb大小的可接合性低执行者拷贝数天然质粒上；CTX－M型ESBLs以对头孢噻肟高水平高耐为特征。结论：华南地区质粒介导的ESBLs以CTX－M型衍生酶为主，其次是SHV型酶。     

股骨粗隆间骨折采用改良L形钢板内固定的生物力学原理与临床应用

作者自1994年始采用自行设计L形钢板内固定治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折60例，平均随访25个月，X线片显示骨折愈合时间6～13周，平均8．9周，伤肢功能在3个月内基本恢复正常，无骨折延迟愈合及髋内翻现象。为论证改良L形钢板的优点，本文采用8具新鲜尸股骨沿着它的外侧、内侧骨皮质粘贴6个应变片，观察股骨近端应变和位移分布，以检验改良L形钢板固定粗隆间骨折的效果。在实验前后将股骨粗隆造成二部分或四部分骨折。利用实验结果给制成应变和位移图，并与鹅头打固定组相比较。在载荷加至1800N时比较两种内固定器械的生物力学性能。结果表明，在治疗不稳定粗隆间骨折中，L形钢板比鹅头钉更具有生物力学的优势。     

中国湖北地区23个汉族家系88条染色体MHC扩展单倍型的检测

人MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类抗原的诸基因座位是紧密连锁的,一起构成MHC-扩展单倍型。我们对我国湖北地区23个家系,共88条染色体的这种单倍型进行了检测,发现仅有HLA-[A11-Cw3-B27-CS31-DR11]两条完全相同,有10条部分相同。此外对HLA-A、C、B、DR与补体型相关情况进行了分析。     

杀虫剂点滴处理后德国小蠊的生理行为反应

本文报告了应用三种不同类型杀虫剂ＤＤＶＰ，残杀成和溴江菊酯点滴处理敏感株德国小蠊（Ｂｌａｔｔｅｌｌａｇｅｒｍａｎｉｃａ）不同虫期后的药物敏感性以及带荚虫脱荚及其孵化情况。试验得出了不同虫期不同时间的ＬＤ５０植和７２ｈ不同虫期对这３种药物敏感性的显著性测定（Ｐ值）的结果。发现不同虫期对这３种药物的敏感性之间关系的共同特点是：１．幼虫与雄虫敏感性差别显著（在ＤＤＶＰ和残杀威中）或者非常显著（在溴氰菊酯）；２．雌虫与雄虫间差别在３种药物处理中均显著；３．雌虫与带荚虫在ＤＤＶＰ和溴氰菊酯处理中差别也非常显著。试验同时显示，３种药物不同浓度处理对德国小蠊脱荚及其孵化有十分显著的影响。其总的趋势是随着药物浓度的增高脱荚率明显地增加；相反，脱荚的孵化率则随着浓度的增加明显的下降。实验并得出脱荚的孵化与否和卵荚长度无明显关系。     

How to Optimize Radiological Images Captured from Digital Cameras, Using the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 Program

Over the past decade, the technology that permits images to be digitized and the reduction in the cost of digital equipment allows quick digital transfer of any conventional radiological film. Images then can be transferred to a personal computer, and several software programs are available that can manipulate their digital appearance. In this article, the fundamentals of digital imaging are discussed, as well as the wide variety of optional adjustments that the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) program can offer to present radiological images with satisfactory digital imaging quality.     

In-ear-EEG – a portable platform for home monitoring

Abstract

There are many useful medical treatment devices today, which are indispensable in health care. However, in some emergency situations and in prehospital care mobile, easy-to-use devices could further improve the patient-centred care. For example, a mobile, easy-to-use home-monitoring EEG-system would be useful for monitoring diseases like epilepsy and for treating diseases like attention deficit disorder (ADHD) using biofeedback. Such a device should be equipped with the ability to start self-performed by user recordings and provide high signal quality, while having an affordable price. Here, we used in-ear-EEG technology and state of the art electronic components to develop such a system. This paper presents a portable, all-in-one EEG-system, capable to record biosignals on the external ear. An amplifier was developed with ADS1299 and optimised to be coupled with a smartphone. The system has a low price and at the same time provides high signal quality, has very effective common-mode-rejection, performs a fast cold start and shows low power consumptions which ensures a long time of operation. The system is easy to use and could be self-mounted and controlled by unskilled users as well. Results of test measurements are compared to a conventional EEG-System and show comparable records results quality.     

骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连的临床应用

报道用骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连、骨坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法：根据应用解剖学研究，设计以骨间前动脉腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣，顺行移位修复尺、桡骨骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨、月骨不连与骨坏死。结果：临床应用19例，随访1年，在术后3～6月均达到骨愈合和骨坏死修复，关节活动功能明显改善。结论：骨间前血管腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣移位术适合邻近骨不连、骨坏死修复。     

Sucrose sham feeding decreases accumbens norepinephrine in the rat

Noradrenergic projections from the dorsomedial medulla reach the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a structure implicated in both reward and feeding behavior. Despite this relationship, the effect of food reward on accumbens norepinephrine (NE) remains uninvestigated. In the course of assessing dopamine (DA) in the NAcc during sucrose ingestion [0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 M; Am. J. Physiol., Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 286 (2004) R31], we also analyzed NE in the microdialysis samples from 14 ad-libitum-fed male rats. In contrast to DA, which increased with sucrose concentration (+20-47%) during sham feeding, in the same animals, NE levels were reduced (approximately -20%), regardless of sucrose concentration. These results demonstrate a novel relationship between accumbens DA and NE during orosensory stimulation with a preferred nutrient.     

Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Brain Structure in an Extended Twin Design

The hunt for genes influencing behavior may be aided by the study of intermediate phenotypes for several reasons. First, intermediate phenotypes may be influenced by only a few genes, which facilitates their detection. Second, many intermediate phenotypes can be measured on a continuous quantitative scale and thus can be assessed in affected and unaffected individuals. Continuous measures increase the statistical power to detect genetic effects (Neale et al., 1994), and allow studies to be designed to collect data from informative subjects such as extreme concordant or discordant pairs. Intermediate phenotypes for discrete traits, such as psychiatric disorders, can be neurotransmitter levels, brain function, or structure. In this paper we conduct a multivariate analysis of data from 111 twin pairs and 34 additional siblings on cerebellar volume, intracranial space, and body height. The analysis is carried out on the raw data and specifies a model for the mean and the covariance structure. Results suggest that cerebellar volume and intracranial space vary with age and sex. Brain volumes tend to decrease slightly with age, and males generally have a larger brain volume than females. The remaining phenotypic variance of cerebellar volume is largely genetic (88%). These genetic factors partly overlap with the genetic factors that explain variance in intracranial space and body height. The applied method is presented as a general approach for the analysis of intermediate phenotypes in which the effects of correlated variables on the observed scores are modeled through multivariate analysis.