ABO血型不合的异基因造血干细胞移植--2例报告附文献复习

探讨ABO血型不合的异基因造血干细胞移植 (Allo -HSCT)的造血问题。方法 :对 2例患者分别进行异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (Allo -PBSCT)及脐血造血干细胞移植 (CBSCT) ,用血细胞分离机或 6 %羟乙基淀粉去除移植物中的红细胞 ,定期检测受者血型 ,根据情况输注血细胞。结果 :2例患者全部获得造血重建 ,未出现溶血反应。结论 :ABO血型不合可以进行Allo -HSCT ,去除供者移植物中的红细胞能有效地防止急性溶血反应的发生 ,定期检测受者血型 ,及时调整输血方案有重要的临床意义。     

Postnatal formation of the blood-testis barrier in the rat with special reference to the initiation of meiosis

Summary Postnatal formation of the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) in the rat was studied by either fixation in hypertonic fixative or employing lanthanum tracer. After 15 days of age, meiosis has reached different stages of spermatogenesis in differnt zones of the seminiferous cords. Only in those parts where germ cells are in the pachytene stage of meiosis do Sertoli cells form an effective barrier or tight compartment. Between 16 and 19 days of age, final formation of the BTB, which is to be found in the adult rat testis, occurs by zygotene and then leptotene stages successively entering the tight compartment. Thus, formation of a BTB by Sertoli cells does not occur synchronously along the length of the seminiferous cord but in accordance with the stage of meiosis of the associated germ cells.     

急性脑梗死血压和颅压的控制

脑梗死急性期对血压和颅压的控制极为重要，若措施得当，可大大降低病死率和致残率。笔者结合临床工作经验总结体会如下：脑梗死急性期对血压和颅压的控制极为重要，若措施得当，可大大降低病死率和致残率，笔者结合临床工作经验总结体会如下。     

Albumin Adsorption and Retention on C18-Alkyl-Derivatized Polyurethane Vascular Grafts

The short-term albumin affinity and thrombo-resistance of a polyether polyurethane vascular graft have been improved. The method is based on the C18 alkylation of the polymer. Thrombus formation by a planimetric technique and albumin retention on wire-reinforced polyurethane tubes, both C18 alkylated and untreated, were measured in short-term (4-h) exposure at femoral arterial sites in the dog. 125I-Albumin was preabsorbed on tubes and then exposed to blood for successive 2-h periods. Albumin uptake on alkylated tubes prior to blood exposure and retention following 2 h of blood exposure were significantly greater than on controls. Following a fast desorption phase in blood, the remaining albumin was more slowly desorbed from alkylated than from control tubes. Reincubation with albumin and blood reexposure produced a similar tendency, suggesting blood conditioning does not reduce the albumin affinity-enhancing property of C18 alkylation in the short term. Blood-preconditioning experiments suggested endogenous albumin has a high affinity for the C18-alkylated surface. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed thrombus and platelet densities were higher on control than on alkylated surfaces. These results suggest in vivo albumin affinity is increased for C18-alkylated polyurethane, which may be linked to decreased thrombus formation on these surfaces.     

Effect of lead on electrophoretic mobility of rat erythrocytes

Lead often affects the erythrocyte membrane. The relationship between the changes in erythrocyte membrane and the anemia caused by lead is still unclear. Initially, the effect of lead injected intraperitoneally on the electrophoretic mobility of rat erythrocytes was investigated in order to study the relationship between them. As indices of lead exposure, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, hematocrits (Ht), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activities and blood lead (blood Pb) levels in the injected rats were also examined. Exposure to lead significantly decreased the mobility of rat erythrocytes. The changes in mobility seemed to be less sensitive than those in ALA-D activity, however, the decreases in mobility were simultaneous with or prior to those in Hb level and Ht. The decreases in mobility were evident to some extent below a blood Pb level of 100 μg/100 ml and generally present at a level of 100 μg/100 ml and over. In the rats exposed to lead a significant negative correlation was found between the mobilities and the logarithms of blood Pb level.     

急性有机磷中毒动物血糖及胆碱酯酶活力的动态监测研究

目的：动态监测急性有机磷中毒动物在急性有机磷中毒及解救过程中血浆的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和血糖值变化，依据此两项指标与中毒程度的相关性，为临床救治提供新的方法以及实验依据。方法：通过耳缘静脉注射5％敌百虫溶液（2mL／kg）先后对12只家兔建立急性有机磷中毒模型，分别在模型动物处于正常、轻、中、重度中毒和救治的时段采血，动态监测血浆乙酰胆碱酯酶活力和血糖两项指标变化。结果：在急性有机磷中毒过程中，血糖值升高与乙酰胆碱酯酶活力降低相比较，血糖浓度动态变化与中毒轻重程度相关性较好，并能体现机体对中毒的应激程度。结论：血糖浓度能较好地反映有机磷中毒深度以及机体应激程度，可作为临床评估危重程度的动态性快速诊断指标。     

自体脾静脉移植在门静脉和肠系膜上静脉联合切除的胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：探讨以自体脾静脉重建门静脉系统在联合PV/SMV切除的胰十二指肠切除术中临床应用的可行性。方法：回顾性分析3例胰头癌病人在胰十二指肠切除术中采用脾静脉替代门静脉系移植的应用及其效果。结果：手术均顺利,门静脉阻断时间分别为52min、38min和30min。术后B超随访无脾肿大、腹水等情况,门静脉流量均正常（分别为1450ml/min、1200ml/min和1500ml/min）,术后CTA复查显示重建的血管血流通畅,无血栓形成或狭窄,术后生活质量得到明显改善,黄疸消失,肝功能正常,均痊愈出院。结论：在联合PV/SMV切除的胰十二指肠切除术中采用自体脾静脉替代门静脉系的移植是可行的。     

清热解毒凉血化瘀中药对慢加亚急性肝衰竭内毒素胃泌素及胃动素的干预作用

目的:分析慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素的病情相关性并评价清热解毒凉血化瘀中药的干预作用。方法:临床收集69例慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者,其中早期26例,中期21例,晚期22例(并发上消化道出血12例),并设立22例Child-PughA级肝硬化患者对照观察,检测内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素水平并观察中药疗效。结果:①治疗后显效22例,有效32例,无效15例,总有效率78.26%,各期疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②血清内毒素、血浆胃泌素、胃动素与肝损伤程度呈正相关,合并上消化道出血时各指标水平均值最高;各组之间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者各期以及对照组ET、Gas、MTL值组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者各期与对照组ET、Gas、MTL值比较,除早期无统计学意义外,其余各期均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素水平升高与肝损伤程度相关,其水平变化有助于肝衰竭病情判断及预后估计,是上消化道出血的重要因素;在西医综合治疗基础上运用中医清热解毒凉血化瘀法可有效治疗慢加亚急性肝衰竭,疗效与病情分期相关,早期疗效明显。     

地塞米松对扩张皮瓣血运障碍的救治

目的寻求扩张皮肤Ⅱ期手术形成皮瓣时出现血运障碍及防止坏死的有效治疗方法。方法皮瓣出现血运障碍时，立即静脉给予地塞米松0．4mg／kg，然后逐渐减量，术后6d停药。10d时观察判断皮瓣成活情况。结果35例出现血运障碍的皮瓣，经救治完全成活33例，大部分成活2例。成活后皮瓣色泽、弹性均好。结论及时用地塞米松是防止扩张皮瓣出现血运障碍及坏死的良好方法。