重型高血压基底节区出血改良翼点入路手术与小骨窗清除术预后对比分析

目的探讨重型高血压基底节区出血手术的治疗方法。方法对41例重型高血压基底节区出血患者采用改良翼点入路治疗与41例小骨窗清除术比较。结果ADL评定疗效。改良翼点组:Ⅰ级17.1%,Ⅱ级24.4%,Ⅲ级29.3%,Ⅳ级17.1%,Ⅴ级2.4%,死亡9.8%,恢复良好(达Ⅲ级以上)70.7%;小骨窗组:Ⅰ级9.8%,Ⅱ级12.2%,Ⅲ级14.6%,Ⅳ级29.3%,Ⅴ级4.9%,死亡29.3%,恢复良好36.6%。P<0.05。结论改良翼点入路与小骨窗清除术相比,具有止血彻底,血肿清除率高,可及时有效的解除脑疝对脑干的压迫,从而降低病死率,改善预后。     

慢性盆腔炎保留灌肠插管长度探讨

随机将36例盆腔炎患者分为观察组和对照组。各18例。均采用本院煎制中药，液量100ml，进行保留灌肠。对照组插管长度为10-15cm；观察组插管长度20—25cm。观察组药液在肠内保留时间长、疗效高、住院时间短，与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01；P〈0．05）。     

创伤性脑损伤病人术中低血压的危险因素分析

创伤性脑损伤(traumaticbraininjury,TBI)如脑挫伤、硬脑膜外血肿和硬脑膜下血肿的病人,在开颅血肿清除和去骨瓣减压手术过程中可能发生术中低血压(intraoperativehypotension,IHT)。低血压可加重脑缺血性损伤,并能使颅内压(ICP)进一步的升高乃至死亡。而低血压发生以后,采取容     

生命中的时间:箭还是轮子?

中医药学把文化和科学相接起来,既令人神往,又让人困惑,而在解读文化基因中翻译科学,也许会使我们发现许多我们不曾想到的东西。     

腰椎穿刺术后头痛与卧床时间的关系

目的探讨腰椎穿刺术后平卧时间30min、2h对头痛的影响。方法对794例具有腰椎穿刺术适应证而无禁忌证并排除有关因素的患者，随机分为30min组、2h组。分别观察术后头痛发生率。结果30min组头痛发生率为（8／460）1．74％，2h组为（7／334）2.10％，两组组间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论本研究说明腰穿后卧床时间长短（30min～2h），对腰穿后头痛的发生率无影响，可缩短至30min，没有必要卧床2h，更没有必要卧床4～6h。     

气管切开病人呼吸道护理体会

气管切开术是临床抢救和治疗呼吸道梗阻患者的重要措施之一,其中吸痰这一操作的正确安全与否,是呼吸道护理的关键。在吸痰过程中,因供氧中断可导致缺氧或低氧血症,吸痰时间过长,其他的并发症如:气管痉挛、心律失常、颅内压升高,呼吸道粘膜损伤,血液流变学的改变(平均动脉压升高     

新期刊介绍

近年来腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）活性测定以成为越来越多疾病的辅助诊断指标之一。为保证ADA检测结果的真实性，笔者将标本保存时间及方式对ADA检测结果的影响进行探讨。现报道如下。     

Clearance of beta- amyloid from the CSF by the choroid plexus： implications in drug development for treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease

The formation of insoluble aggregates of beta - amyloid peptide （ A ） within the brain extracellular fluid is a critical event in the etiology of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In theory, an unbalanced A kinetics can be due to its over production, inadequate metabolic cleaning, or an improper balance of import or export of A or related molecules at brain barriers. We investigated the role of the choroid plexus, which forms a barrier between blood and brain cerebrospinal fluid （ CSF）, in regulating A in the CSF. A uptake from CSF was determined as its volume of distribution （ VD ） into isola- ted rat choroid plexus tissue by using [^125I] A 1-40 and along with a extracellular space marker [^14C ] sucrose. The choroid plexus exhibited a definite capacity in sequestering [^125I] A 1-40 from the surrounding CSF. Uptake of [^125I] A by the choroid plexus was saturable, time - and temperature - dependent, and not ttffected by addition of transthyretin or apolipoprotein E3. Studies with cultured monolayers of primary choroid epithelial cells indicated that A permeability across cells, corrected by [ ^14C] sucrose, was greater from the CSF -facing membrane than from the blood -facing membrane. Similarly, cellular accumulation of [ ^125 I ] A was concentrative from both directions and was greater from the CSF -facing membrane. Quantitative real- time RT- PCR, immunodetection and enzyme activity assays further revealed the presence of several key enzymes involved in A production, e. g. , amyloid precursor protein and beta - secretase, and in A metabolism and alternate processing, e. g. , insulin degrading enzyme, endothelin - converting enzyme - 1, neprilysin and alpha - secretase. Overall, these results suggest the choroid plexus selectively cleanses A from the CSF by an undetermined mechanism （s） ; moreover, it has the capacity to degrade A , suggesting a vital role of this tissue in maintaining A homeostasis. The perspectives of drug development for treatment of AD by reducing A from brain extracellular fluid as a new strategy will be discussed.     

早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎抗生素应用策略

随着新生儿高级生命支持技术的发展。新生儿、早产儿抢救效率大为提高，患儿存活率、存活时间等指标也不断提高。在系列生命支持技术中，新生儿、早产儿的呼吸支持占了极其重要的地位。在呼吸机使用频率增加的同时，由于呼吸机使用所导致的呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator associated pneumonia，VAP）的发病率也随之提高，成了NICU中十分重要的问题，能否处理得当，直接关系到新生儿抢救的转归。可以肯定的是VAP增加了病人的死亡率、延长机械通气时间、增加住院天数，同时大大提高了治疗费用。     

完全性后组颅神经麻痹患者行气管切开的护理

后组颅神经 (IX .X .XI)位于桥脑小脑角的尾端 ,吞咽神经和迷走神经位居面神经和听神经的下方[1] 。后组颅神经完全麻痹的患者不仅吞咽反射消失 ,往往还伴有咳嗽反射减弱或消失 ,故必须行气管切开手术 ,以保证脑组织的血氧循环及有利于呼吸道分泌物的清除 ,从而预防呕吐、呛咳、误吸而导致的肺部感染的发生 ,而该类患者不同于常规气管切开病人。我院 2 0 0 2年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月共收治 3例完全性后组颅神经麻痹的患者 ,经积极气管切开、血管扩张剂和神经营养药等治疗 ,均已痊愈。现将气管切开的护理经验报道如下。1　病例介绍病例 1,…