Dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis in Parkinson's disease

Few cases of dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported. Literature review of 16 PD patients including our 3 cases with dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis showed predominance of (1) Japanese, (2) women, and (3) Hoehn‐Yahr stage of ≥3. We experienced three Japanese PD patients who subacutely exhibited antecollis following increased dopamine agonist dose that improved just after withdrawal of the agonist. One patient developed antecollis during increasing pramipexole dose in combination with cabergoline. Antecollis in another patient appeared during increasing pramipexole dose; it worsened after substituting pergolide for pramipexole, but improved after withdrawal of pergolide. Our cases indicate that there is no specific dopamine agonist causing antecollis, and it is possibly caused by a number of single dopamine agonists or a combination of them. Dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis should be considered when encountering antecollis in PD patients being treated with dopamine agonists and withdrawal of the agonist can improve symptoms. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society     

Neuroprotective effects of pramipexole against tunicamycin‐induced cell death in PC12 cells

• 1 Pramipexole (PPX), a dopamine D2 and D3 receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotective effects via both dopamine receptor‐mediated and non‐dopaminergic mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that PPX reduces the toxicity of tunicamycin, a typical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor, in PC12h cells, a subline of PC12 cells.
• 2 The PC12h cells were treated with 300 μmol / L PPX in the presence of 0.5 μmol / L tunicamycin for 24 h. The neuroprotective effects of PPX against tunicamycin‐induced cell death were evaluated using 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2 thiazoyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, Hoechst 33258 staining and western blot analysis.
• 3 Tunicamycin (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 μg / mL) dose‐dependently decreased MTT activity and increased LDH release from PC12h cells. Treatment with 300 μmol / L PPX rescued the tunicamycin‐induced decrease in cell viability.
• 4 Spiperone (10 μmol / L), a dopamine D2 and D4 receptor antagonist, had no effect on PPX neuroprotection against tunicamycin in these cells. Marker proteins of ER stress and apoptosis are known to be upregulated by tunicamycin, but we detected no significant effects of PPX on these factors.
• 5 In conclusion, we speculate that a combination of several mechanisms may be involved in PPX‐induced neuroprotection.

     

Update on the use of pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Pramipexole is a non-ergot dopamine agonist shown to be efficacious in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review addresses the literature concerning pramipexole's efficacy in treating motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, its impact on the development of dyskinesias and response fluctuations, the issue of neuroprotection, and the risk for developing adverse events such as increased somnolence, attacks of sudden onset of sleep, cardiac valvulopathy and impulse control disturbances.     

基于线粒体通透性转换孔调控的脓毒症心肌损伤及普拉克索保护机制的研究

目的: 探究普拉克索能否通过抑制心肌细胞MPTP开放减轻脓毒症大鼠心功能障碍。方法: 将SD大鼠分为假手术组、盲肠结扎穿孔术组(CLP组)、盲肠结扎穿孔术+环孢菌素A组(CsA组)、盲肠结扎穿孔术+普拉克索组(PPX组)。CLP组、CsA组和PPX组统一使用盲肠结扎穿孔术建立脓毒症大鼠模型,其中CsA组静脉注射CsA(2 mg·kg^-1),PPX组予以普拉克索(1 mg·kg^-1)灌胃。观察SD大鼠一般情况、存活率及腹腔解剖情况,超声心动图检测心功能,ELISA法测定血清PCT、NT-proBNP、cTnI水平,通过线粒体肿胀测定MPTP的开放程度,HE染色及电镜观察各组心脏组织病理改变。结果: 术后36 h,假手术组大鼠一般情况、腹腔解剖及心脏病理改变正常,CLP组明显变差,CsA组及PPX组病变程度较CLP组减轻;各组大鼠的存活率:假手术组(100%)＞CsA组(75.0%)＞PPX组(62.5%)＞CLP组(43.8%);CsA组、PPX组心脏左室射血分数均低于假手术组(P＜0.05),均较CLP组升高(P＜0.05);CLP组、CsA组、PPX组血清PCT、NT-proBNP、cTnI水平均高于假手术组(P＜0.05),CsA组、PPX组低于CLP组(P＜0.05);CLP组、CsA组、PPX组心肌细胞MPTP的开放程度大于假手术组(P＜0.05),CsA组、PPX组小于CLP组(P＜0.05)。结论: 心肌细胞MPTP的异常开放是引起大鼠脓毒症心肌损伤的机制之一,普拉克索可以通过抑制心肌细胞MPTP的异常开放减轻脓毒症大鼠的心功能损伤。     

Parkinson's disease treatment may cause impulse–control disorder via dopamine D3 receptors

In treating Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic agonists, such as pramipexole, ropinirole, pergolide, rotigotine, apomorphine, or bromocriptine, it has been observed that a significant number of patients develop impulse–control disorders, such as compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, or hypersexuality. Because the dopamine agonists have high affinities for the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, the drug dissociation constants of these drugs at the functional high‐affinity states of these receptors, namely D2High and D3High, were compared. The data show that, compared to the other dopamine agonist drugs, pramipexole has a relatively high selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor, as compared to D2, suggesting that the D3 receptor may be a primary target for pramipexole. There is a trend showing that the proportion of impulse–control disorders is related to the selectivity for D3 receptors over D2 receptors, with pramipexole having the highest association with, or frequency of, impulse–control disorders. While the number of studies are limited, the proportion of patients with impulse–control disorder in Parkinson patients treated with an add‐on agonist were 32% for pramipexole, 25% for ropinirole, 16% for pergolide, 22% for rotigotine, 10% for apomorphine, and 6.8% for bromocriptine. Clinically, temporary replacement of pramipexole by bromocriptine may provide relief or reversal of the impulsive behavior associated with selective D3 stimulation by either pramipexole or ropinirole, while maintaining D2 stimulation needed for the anti‐Parkinson action. Synapse, 69:183–189, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

盐酸普拉克索缓释片的临床应用进展

药物治疗仍是缓解帕金森病的主要方法。大量临床试验结果证明了盐酸普拉克索片（pramipexole dihydrochloride,Mirapex IR）治疗帕金森病的安全性及有效性;与Mirapex IR相比,盐酸普拉克索缓释片（Mirapex ER）能够维持血药浓度相对恒定,作用更连续持久,而且在某种程度上减少了不良反应的发生,增加了患者和护理人员的便利,明显提高患者的依从性,为帕金森病的治疗提供了新选择。本文综述了Mirapex ER的临床应用进展。     

Increase in body weight after pramipexole treatment in Parkinson's disease.

Body weight changes occur during the clinical course of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with surgical treatment, but the effect of dopaminergic treatment on weight is unknown. Body mass index (BMI), Hamilton depression scale score (HDS), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPRS-III) were measured before and 3 months after starting pramipexole in 28 PD patients. Pramipexole produced a significant weight increase, as well as motor and mood improvement (P <0.001). HDS and BMI changes were mildly related (P = 0.05). A direct effect of pramipexole on limbic D(3) receptors involved in the control of feeding may be responsible for weight gain in PD.     

普拉克索治疗帕金森病伴抑郁的临床疗效观察

目的：评价普拉克索治疗帕金森病（PD）伴抑郁的临床疗效。方法：采用随机对照研究,将68例PD伴抑郁患者随机分为对照组、帕罗西汀组和普拉克索组。冶疗12周后评价其疗效,评价指标包括Hamilton抑郁量表（HAM—D）、Zung抑郁自评量表和统一帕金森病评分量表（UPDRS）,观察各量表评分相对于基线值的变化情况。结果：普拉克索组HAM—D和Zung总评分第4周时与基线值相比已有下降趋势,而在第8周时与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,其作用与帕罗西汀组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而UPDRS评分均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结果：普拉克索具有抗抑郁作用,可能在治疗后4～8周时开始发挥比较明显的抗抑郁作用,治疗8周时其抗抑郁作用强度似平接近于帕罗西汀,抗抑郁作用可能小依赖于其对于运动症状的改善。     

Lack of effects of pramipexole on REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson disease

STUDY OBJECTIVES: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD) which is characterized by dream-enacting behaviors, unpleasant dreams, and loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep. Dopaminergic mechanisms are thought to play a role in RBD pathogenesis. To further asses such a role, we have evaluated the effect of pramipexole, a dopamine receptor agonist, on RBD features in PD patients. SETTING: University hospital sleep disorder center. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven PD patients with untreated RBD. interventions: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In a prospective study, 11 consecutive PD patients with untreated RBD on levodopa monotherapy were placed on pramipexole to further ameliorate their parkinsonism. The effects on RBD were evaluated before and 3 months after stable pramipexole therapy through patient and bed partner interviews and blind assessment of video-polysomnographic measures. Pramipexole improved parkinsonism in all patients. Patients and bed partners reported no significant changes in frequency and severity of the abnormal RBD related motor and vocal sleep behaviors or the frequency of unpleasant dreams. Video-polysomnography analyses showed no differences in RBD related sleep measures including tonic submental electromyographic activity, phasic submental electromyographic activity, percentage of REM sleep time spent with abnormal behaviors, and severity of the abnormal behaviors detected on the videotapes. CONCLUSION: In PD, pramipexole improved parkinsonism but did not modify RBD related symptoms and objective video-polysomnographic abnormalities. This observation suggests that in PD, dopamine mechanisms do not play a central role in the pathogenesis of RBD.     

普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并抑郁的临床效果及对患者认知功能的影响

目的 探究普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并抑郁的临床效果及对患者认知功能的影响.方法 选取2018年5月至2020年5月我院收治的78例帕金森病合并抑郁患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(39例,多巴丝肼治疗)和观察组(39例,普拉克索联合多巴丝肼治疗).比较两组治疗前、后的汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、统一帕金森...