山区农村散居80岁及以上老年人营养调查

对象与方法：在沂蒙山区对４个乡镇的散居高龄老人１２１人进行营养调查（男５５,女６６）,年龄最高男９６岁,女９２岁;最低男女均为８０岁。以称重法与五日询问回忆法相结合,进行四季动态的膳食调查。结果：其膳食构成以谷类（占总重量６１％～７１％）及蔬菜（１２％～１６％）为主,配有少量豆类（１．８％～４．６％）与动物性食品（６．２％～１２．０％）。按中国营养学会８０岁以上老人ＲＤＡ计算,四季能量摄入男性达到ＲＤＡ的８１％～９１％,女性达到７５％～８４％,蛋白质男性仅达到６７％～７５％,女性５５％～６７％,动物和豆类蛋白质来源不足,低于蛋白质总量的３０％～５０％。钙摄入量只有ＲＤＡ的２０％左右,锌、硒、维生素Ａ、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ均明显不足。三大营养素所占能量比例合理,脂肪来源以植物油为主,符合老年人营养要求。营养缺乏病检查发现有维生素不足症状,如皮肤干燥鳞皮占４．１％,口角湿白厚２８．９％,舌腥红２２．３％,味蕾肥大８１．０％,膝反射消失１２．４％等。临界高血压患病率为１６．１％,高血压患病率１４．３％。生化检查：血红蛋白检测１１４人,低于１２０ｇ／Ｌ者１６．７％;血糖检测１１６人,高于正常的占６．９％,低于正常的占４７?     

Rôle du foie dans le métabolisme des nutriments en nutrition artificielle

The liver is a prominent organ in nutritional homeostasis. Due to unique metabolic properties, it plays a main role in the metabolism of the three macronutrients ‘as well as the micronutrients’ (vitamins and minerals) storage. Although it represents only 2.5% of the body mass, it consumes 20% of total resting energy expenditure and a similar percentage of the amino acid mixture absorbed via the gut during and after a meal. Due to a peculiar vascularization (portal vein, the entire gastrointestinal venous flux is directed towards the liver with all hydrosoluble nutrients, only water-unsoluble lipids being excluded from this obligatory ‘first-pass mechanism’). Since it is the location for glycogen storage, VLDL synthesis and ketogenesis, the liver is crucial in the fed-to-fasted metabolic alternation. While fat is not physiologically stored in the liver, it is a very important organ in lipid metabolism. Except immunoglobulins, all plasma proteins are synthetised by the liver together with the constitutive proteins, explaining that it is a very powerful organ for protein synthesis. Finally, due to a very active amino acid metabolism, the liver can reshape the amino acid-mixture coming from the gut in the absorptive state. Such a phenomenon has a major implication in the nutritional physiology of amino acid metabolism according to the route: enteral or parenteral. Indeed, in the latter case the remodelling by the liver does not occurs.     

血清唾液酸测定在预防性体检及肿瘤监测中的应用：唾液酸系统研究

目的　探讨血清总唾液酸（ＴＳＡ） 在预防性体检中应用的可行性及评价其监测恶性肿瘤的临床意义。方法　用化学比色法测定健康年检工人血清ＴＳＡ,分析４８２ 名ＴＳＡ 可疑阳性或阳性工人健康状况,研究２ ３０３ 名交警血清ＴＳＡ 与职业健康监护评定标准的关系、随访１０ ３７３ 名２ ～４ 年前测定血清ＴＳＡ 工人的健康状况、临床观察９４ 例恶性肿瘤患者ＴＳＡ 水平治疗前后变化。结果　（１）ＴＳＡ 在预防性体检中表明：①在４８２ 名ＴＳＡ 可疑阳性或阳性受检者中,肿瘤患者（１０ 例,２－５０ ±０－２１ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 血清ＴＳＡ 水平高于慢性疾病患者（２４０ 例,２－３９ ±０－２５） ,而后者又明显高于未患病的追踪观察者（２３２ 例,２－１４ ±０－２４） ,Ｐ＜ ０－００１ ;②按照广州市职业健康监护标准发现２ ３０３ 名广州交警血清ＴＳＡ 水平健康组明显低于异常组、追踪观察组和尚健康组,Ｐ＜ ０－０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０－００１ ;③随访发现,原ＴＳＡ 可疑阳性或阳性者新患恶性肿瘤和非恶性肿瘤疾病者明显高于ＴＳＡ 阴性者（ Ｐ＜ ０－００１） 。（２） 在肿瘤监测中发现：９４ 例恶性肿瘤患者ＴＳＡ 水平明显高于健康对照组,病人治疗后病情稳定或好转者ＴＳＡ 明显下     

叶酸拮抗乙酰水杨酸致大鼠卵黄囊毒性作用的研究

以全胚胎培养模型结合免疫组化和电镜技术等探讨了乙酰水杨酸和叶酸对大鼠卵黄囊及胚胎的影响。结果表明：培养基含乙酰水杨酸３００μｇ／ｍｌ组的卵黄囊直径和胚胎体长均显著低于阴性对照组,胚胎畸形率明显增高。组织学检查发现卵黄囊厚度变薄。间质层血岛、微血管数量明显减少,血管壁细胞不连续,血管发育不良。卵黄囊内皮层细胞顶端微绒毛少见。内皮层细胞的溶酶体、内质网及核蛋白体等结构和数量均有明显改变。而６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ叶酸灌胃鼠血清与乙酰水杨酸联合应用后,则卵黄囊的上述毒性作用明显减轻或消失,提示叶酸能明显拮抗乙酰水杨酸致大鼠卵黄囊的毒性作用。     

中国不同地区膳食脂质摄入量的分析

１９９２年中国总膳食研究在１９９０年的基础上做了适当的改进,将城市和农村的样品分别进行分析。本文报道了该项研究中膳食脂质部分的结果（包括总脂肪、胆固醇、脂肪酸）。除南方二区外,同一地区的城市和农村居民在脂肪、胆固醇的摄入量上有较大的差异。北方二区农村居民的脂肪摄入量明显不足,而北方一区城市居民脂质的摄入量较高,胆固醇摄入量已超过每人每日３００ｍ ｇ 的水平。南方居民膳食脂肪中多不饱和脂肪酸所占比例低而单不饱和脂肪酸所占比例高。基于以上分析,作者认为我国居民膳食脂质摄入情况基本合理,但由于地域差异较大,在进行膳食指导时（如关于补充ＥＰＡ,ＤＨＡ 的问题）应对不同地区的情况进行具体分析,有针对性地提出建议     

地砷病患者部分生化指标的测定

对病区地砷病、非地砷病患者及对照组居民体内的部分生化指标进行了检测。结果表明,地砷病患者血清中的ＧＰＴ活性、ＵＮ和ＳＡ含量明显高于对照组,ＬＤＨ及ＧＳＨＰｘ活性明显降低;病区非地砷病患者ＬＤＨ活性、ＳＡ含量明显升高,ＧＳＨＰｘ活性明显降低,其它各组及各指标与对照组相比无显著差异。相关分析显示,病区病人组及非病人组血中ＳＡ含量与各自尿砷水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０５０,ｒ＝０４６）,ＧＳＨＰｘ与尿砷呈负相关（ｒ＝－０５１,ｒ＝－０４８）。提示,ＳＡ和ＧＳＨＰｘ可作为砷中毒的早期诊断指标。砷可能对接砷居民肝功、肾功产生一定影响。     

维生素C在晶体蛋白光氧化中的作用及其机制

目的：观察维生素Ｃ（ＡＳＡ）在晶体蛋白发生光氧化时的作用及其机制。方法：牛日体蛋白溶液在加入或不加入ＡＳＡ时,于５天内共接受２００ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２紫外线Ｂ（ＵＶＢ）照射,接着在３７℃继续孵育至第３周,然后测定晶体蛋白的非色氨酸我、游离巯基和进行蛋白电泳分析。结果：ＡＳＡ在溶液中易被氧化,蛋白溶液中加入ＡＳＡ促使晶体蛋白 非色氨酸荧光产生明显增强,导致非二硫键聚合形成,对晶体蛋白的游离巯基减少有保护作     

Phenylalanine kinetics are associated with tardive dyskinesia in men but not in women

Rationale: An association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and severely impaired metabolism of the large neutral amino acid (LNAA), phenylalanine (Phe) was defined in a group of mentally retarded patients. Subsequently, an altered kinetics of Phe was associated with TD in men with schizophrenia based on plasma analyses subsequent to the ingestion of a protein meal. Methods: In the present study, a standardized oral challenge of pure Phe (100 mg/kg in 170 ml orange juice) was administered to psychiatric patients of both sexes (n = 312), with and without TD after an overnight fast. Plasma LNAA levels were assayed both fasting and 2 h subsequent to the ingestion of the challenge. The extent of the increase in plasma Phe levels 2 h following a standardized challenge is determined by the sum of the kinetic processes of plasma absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism and elimination. Results: The study hypothesis, that TD would be associated with significantly higher post-challenge plasma Phe indices of an absolute plasma Phe level and plasma Phe/LNAA ratio (a brain availability measure), was verified for the study men (n = 209), but not for the study women (n = 103). Conclusions: The demonstrated altered kinetics of Phe in men with TD indicates a greater availability of Phe to the brain in these men. We suggest that the disorder may be related to the effects of this greater availability. Such effects could be the direct neurotoxic effects of Phe and its metabolites and/or the modulating effects of these compounds on the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters. The fact that TD (Yes/No) group differences in post-challenge plasma Phe indices were not seen for the study women suggests the possibility of a sex difference in the biology of TD that we propose may be reflective of the young age of the study sample. Received: 28 January 1998/Final version: 14 December 1998     

中药川芎中无机阴离子和有机酸成分的研究

目的：研究中药川芎中有机酸和无机阴离子的同时分析方法。方法：采用非抑制型阴离子交换色谱法,色谱柱为ＳｈｉｍｐａｃｋＩＣＡ１,流动相为０８ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１邻苯二甲酸氢钾。结果：川芎提取液中３种有机酸和３种无机阴离子得到了较好的分离。结论：该方法分析速度快,准确,灵敏度高。