拇手指部分缺损的修饰性修复与重建

目的评估对拇、手指末节部分缺损,选用相应部分足趾组织移植修饰性修复与重建的临床效果,提出修饰性修复与重建的新理念。方法对77例80指拇、手指末节半侧、背侧、指腹及手指部分复合组织缺损选用足趾末节半侧甲瓣,背侧甲瓣,趾腹皮瓣及足趾相应部分复合组织移植,采用吻合趾．指动静脉重建血液循环,施行修饰性修复与重建。结果成活75例78指,成活率为97．5％,术后经半年至12年随访,保持了手指原来长度与外形,重建了指甲,使指腹饱满,具有罗纹,出汗,两点分瓣觉为4～6mm,获得较完美的外形与功能。结论对拇、手指末节部分复合组织缺损,选用相应部分足趾半侧甲瓣、背侧甲瓣、趾腹皮瓣及复合组织移植的修饰性修复与重建,可达到精细修复效果和修饰性修复与重建的目的。     

Functional outcome with special attention to the DASH questionnaire following callus distraction and phalangization of the thumb after traumatic amputation in the middle one-third

Introduction Aim of this retrospective study was to obtain a functional outcome following callus distraction and phalangization of the thumb after traumatic amputation in the middle one-third.Materials and methods From January 1998 to June 2001, 12 patients were treated in a staged procedure starting with corticotomy and continuous distraction (1 mm/day) of the first metacarpal bone using a unilateral external fixator device. After distraction until day 31 (range 25–35 days), the first metacarpal bone was stabilized with a plate, and phalangization was performed.Results At follow-up 1 year after surgery, the thumb was lengthened to 25–35 mm (average 28 mm) in all but 1 patient. In 1 patient a bone graft from the iliac crest had to be interposed. Pinch grip improved by 45%; grip strength improved by 55%. The function/symptom score from the DASH questionnaire was 25 points (range 16–38 points). In a 'pick-up test' all patients were able to pick up a pencil, they were able to write and could hold a full cup of water. Nine patients were able to pick up a paper clip, and 8 patients could hold a 1-liter bottle of water.Conclusion Callus distraction can be considered a suitable procedure to reconstruct an amputated thumb levelled at the middle one-third. Additional phalangization proved essential as it deepened the first web space, enabling good motion and grasp. Callus formation was delayed in elderly patients, but adequate lengthening and bone healing also occurred in this age group. The procedure will not be as beneficial in cases of osteoarthritis of the trapezometacarpal joint or when coverage of the stump is insufficient. The DASH questionnaire is very helpful in evaluating the effect of thumb reconstruction on the entire upper limb.     

龙葵水溶性多糖的成分分析(Ⅰ)

从龙葵（SolanummigrumL.）的水提取液中分离出一中性杂多糖。经高效液相色谱分析其酸水解液,证明它由D-葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、L-阿拉伯糖和D-木糖组成,摩尔比为14.2:5:2．8：1。多糖含量为84．1％。     

应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复重度虎口瘢痕挛缩

目的 探讨应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复重度虎口瘢痕挛缩的方法,并进行临床评价.方法 2002年1月至2007年4月,对22例重度虎口瘢痕挛缩患者进行此手术.患者均表现为虎口瘢痕挛缩,拇指内收畸形,拇指外展及对掌功能明显受限,同时多伴有手背大面积瘢痕挛缩.在彻底切除虎口处瘢痕及粘连带后,设计改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复虎口组织缺损,并用弓形针固定拇指于外展、对掌位.结果 本组22例术后皮瓣全部成活,1例远端皮瓣边缘坏死,经换药后愈合.随访12～24个月,平均17个月,虎口宽度平均增加35 mm,虎口角度平均增加57°,统计学分析结果显示,手术前后虎口角、虎口宽度差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后患侧虎口角、虎口宽度与健侧相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.01).患侧两点辨别觉为6～9 mm,平均7 mm.供区植皮全部成活,无并发症出现,足部行走正常.结论 应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣治疗重度虎口瘢痕挛缩,术后虎口外形、皮肤质地及功能均较满意,能恢复一定感觉,且供区位置隐蔽,是治疗重度虎口瘢痕挛缩的有效方法.     

Potato: The hidden treasure

The United Nations General Assembly decided in December 2005 to declare 2008 as the International Year of the Potato (IYP). Potato is the world's number one non-grain food commodity, with production reaching a record of 320 million tonnes in 2007 (FAO, 2007). Consumption is expanding steadily in the developing countries, where potato is an increasingly important source of food, employment and income. Global interest in the potato increased sharply in 2008 as world food prices soared, threatening the food security and stability of dozens of low-income countries. Unlike major cereals, the potato is not a globally traded commodity and prices are usually determined by local production costs. Increasingly, therefore, the potato is being seen as a vital food-security crop and as a substitute for costly cereal imports.     

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Solanum fastigiatum (false "Jurubeba") against paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice

Aim of the study

Solanum fastigiatum is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the south of Brazil and has been used mainly to treat hepatitis, spleen disorders, uterine tumors, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic gastritis. The present research was aimed to evaluate the potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of leaves using in vitro and in vivo models to validate the folkloric use of the plant.

Materials and methods

Antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays, including thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total antioxidant, 2,2-diphenlyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and metal ion-chelating activities. The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extracts was studied on mice liver damage induced by paracetamol (250 mg/kg) by monitoring biochemical parameters.

Results

The extract showed inhibition against TBARS, induced by 10 μM FeSO₄ and 5 μM sodium nitroprusside in rat liver, brain and phospholipid homogenates from egg yolk. The plant exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH (IC₅₀, 68.96 ± 1.25 μg/ml) assay. The aqueous extract also showed significant hepatoprotective activity that was evident by enzymatic examination and brought back the altered levels of TBARS, non-protein thiol and ascorbic acid to near the normal levels in a dose dependent manner. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the LD₅₀ value of the extract is more than the dose 4 g/kg body weight of mice.

Conclusions

The results indicate that this plant possesses potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of liver diseases.     

泰山两种何首乌微量元素测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定泰山两种何首乌中九种微量元素,结果表明:两者所含元素种类及含量类似。     

A human dietary risk assessment associated with glycoalkaloid responses of potato to Colorado potato beetle defoliation

A quantitative human dietary risk assessment was conducted using the glycoalkaloid concentrations measured from tubers of plants defoliated by Colorado potato beetles and undefoliated (control). There was a significantly greater production of glycoalkaloids for defoliated plants compared to control plants for both skin and inner tissue of tubers. The dietary risk posed to different human subgroups associated with the consumption of potatoes was estimated for the 50th, 95th, and 99.9th percentile US national consumption values. Exposures were compared to a toxic threshold of 1.0mg/kg body weight. Defoliation by Colorado potato beetles increased dietary risk by approximately 48%. Glycoalkaloid concentrations within the inner tissue of tubers, including undefoliated controls, exceeded the toxic threshold for all human subgroups at less than the 99.9th percentile of exposure, but not the 95th percentile.     

拇手指末节缺损的再造

目的 报道应用部分足趾组织移植进行指-趾动脉吻合的拇指、手指末节缺损再造的临床效果. 方法 拇指、手指末节及指尖缺损126例141指,包括拇指79指,示指37指,中指19指,环指6指.其中15例为2指同时再造.拇指再造病例中,应用部分躅趾组织移植者34指,部分第二足趾组织移植者45指:手指再造应用部分第二足趾组织移植者45指,部分第三足趾组织移植14指,部分第四足趾组织移植3指. 结果 术后发生动脉危象16指、静脉危象9指,经手术和药物治疗全部成活.31例行二期整形.87例94指得到随访,随访时间为6个月～15年.患者对再造指外形感到满意,能作指腹捏夹动作,感觉恢复到S3+以上者94指,其中76指的两点辨别觉达到6-8mm.供区无手术并发症. 结论 应用部分足趾组织移植进行指-趾动脉吻合的拇指、手指末节及指尖再造手术,术后的拇指、手指功能与外形比较符合患者的期望.