Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭效果评价

目的 :评价 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 ( PDA)的疗效。方法 :6例患者经静脉使用 6 F输送鞘管置入 Amplatzer封堵器。术后 2 4 h和 6个月行超声心动图检查。结果 :PDA平均最小直径为 4 .4± 1.6 mm( 3～8m m) ,6例封堵均获成功。造影示无残余分流 5例 ,微量残余分流 1例 ,2 4 h超声心动图检查残余分流消失。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管封堵动脉导管未闭安全简便、疗效可靠 ,是治疗动脉导管未闭的理想方法     

Visualization of patent foramen ovale by biplanar transesophageal echocardiography

Summary It is difficult for conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), by which precise and accurate images of interatrial septum (IAS) can not be acquired, to diagnose patent foramen ovale (PFO) clearly. To evaluate the diagnostic value of biplanar transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for PFO, TTE and biplanar TEE were performed simultaneously in 270 patients. It was found that in 7 patients patent foramen ovale was detected only through longitudinal planes of biplanar TEE. IAS, which consists of primitive septum and membrane of fossa ovalis, can be directly visualized by two-dimensional images of TEE; in patients with PFO, a dull color flow, which shunts from the right atria to the left atria through the gap between primitive septum and fossa ovalis, can be detected by color Doppler flow images. Furthermore, some right-to-left shunting microbubbles through the valve of patent fossa ovalis can be discovered by cardiac acoustic contrast echocardiography. In conclusion, biplanar TEE combined with color Doppler image and cardiac acoustic contrast facilitates a definite diagnosis of patent foramen ovale as the excellent anatomic images of IAS can be obtained from multiple views under this kind of performance.     

小儿鞘状突畸形的一日住院手术

报告自1988年1月至1990年1月以一日往院手术治疗小儿鞘状突畸形159例,其中腹股沟疝120例,鞘膜水囊肿39例。小儿疝囊或未闭鞘状突高位结扎虽然是小儿外科最常见的基本手术,但有时也会遇到困难,发生较严重的并发症,不宜完全按门诊手术处理。一日住院手术治疗鞘状突畸形可以提高病床周转率,减少术后院内交叉感染。本文讨论了一日住院手术的适应症,实施方法及其对手术者和麻醉医师的要求。     

Agenesis of permanent incisors in a mediaeval maxilla and mandible: aetiological aspects

A paleopathological maxilla and mandible with tooth agenesis were analyzed, focussing on the aetiology of the condition. The jaw material, derived from an adult mediaeval male, was examined by standard anthropological analyses, including radiography. In the maxilla there was agenesis of three permanent incisors and one premolar, and in the mandible of one permanent incisor and two permanent molars. Absence or marked reduction of the incisive foramen and the nasopalatine canal was found. The pattern of tooth agenesis was similar to the pattern observed in contemporary individuals, except for the agenesis of one permanent maxillary centreal insisor. It is suggested that the pronounced lack of the premaxillary area of the nasopalatine canals and the incisive foramen. As the condition can be ascribed to deviations in the prenatal developments, this investigation shows that embryological developmental patterns, which form the basis for the pattern of tooth agenesis, should be taken into account when evaluation dry bonde patholgy.     

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的研究进展

偏头痛是临床常见的慢性致残性的神经系统疾病,超过半数的患者会因为偏头痛的发作而影响正常生活。近年来,大量研究表明偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭之间存在着一定的联系,但因为卵圆孔未闭发病率较高且引发偏头痛发作的病理机制不明,两者之间的因果关系尚存争议,经皮卵圆孔封堵术是否为治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的有效治疗手段亦成为研究热点。该文将围绕卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛的相关性、两者间可能存在的发病机制以及封堵术治疗偏头痛的疗效展开综述。     

圆孔外面的观察和测量及其面积的回归方程

60具成人颅骨颅底外面的圆孔观察和测量结果表明:圆孔多呈圆形,其次是卵圆形,其它形较少见.据圆孔与翼突外侧板根部延长线的位置关系,分圆孔位置为三型.圆孔外面观的各项测值左右间均无统计学差异,但其中管性圆孔管长度个体差异较大.圆孔的面积左右比较对称者占3.33±2.34%,左>右者占65.51±6.30%,右>左者占34.48±6.30%.圆孔面积左右对称性比较,对临床诊断疾病有参考意义.其面积的回归方程可由其长、宽径乘积推算 .     

颈椎间管壁骨质增生的观察及其意义

在甘肃地区出土的成人颈椎骨骼标本390套(2730块)上,观测了钩椎关节、椎间关节、横突孔和椎体后缘的骨质增生,出现率高达22.5%。增生骨唇占据椎间管、横突孔和椎管的情况分轻、中、重三度.     

经剑突下孔直接取石法在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用

目的 探讨经剑突下孔直接取石法在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用效果,并总结手术经验。方法 回顾性分析蚌埠市第一人民医院2014年11月-2018年4月86例胆总管结石患者的临床资料,其中男28例、女58例,年龄25~78(50.8±10.5)岁,均观察行腹腔镜手术,术中于胆总管切开后经剑突下孔直接取石。记录成功实施腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后排气时间、引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间、手术成功率及随访并发症,并总结技术经验。结果 成功完成腹腔镜下手术81例,成功率94.2%(81/86),其中1例因末端结石嵌顿难以取出,后经胆道镜下碎石取出。其余5例中,1例因胆囊十二指肠漏中转开放手术,4例因胆囊炎急性发作后三角区纤维化难以分离而中转开腹。81例成功手术者:手术时间为(80.2±18.6)min,术中出血量为 (20.0±3.0) mL,术后下床时间为(15.5±5.7)h,术后排气时间为(30.2±10.2)h,引流管拔除时间为术后(2.4±0.4)d,术后住院时间 (10.4±2.6) d。术后4~6周拔除T管;随访6~12个月,平均8.5个月,无术后胆漏、胆道狭窄、再发胆管结石等并发症。结论 经剑突下孔直接取石法使腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术变得简单易行且安全,通过选择合适的患者,调整剑突下孔的位置、注意手术细节,改进手术流程,可减少了手术时间、创伤,并能取尽结石,获得满意的疗效。     

颈静脉孔区的显微解剖及定位标志研究

目的:研究颈静脉孔区的显微外科解剖,探讨寰椎横突(TPA)、头侧直肌、二腹肌沟、颈静脉突等解剖标志在颈静脉孔区病变手术中的定位意义。方法:成人头颈标本15例,男13例,女2例,红色乳胶灌注颈总动脉和椎动脉。手术显微镜下(×3～×30)逐层显露颈静脉孔区结构,明确该区显微解剖特征、相关的解剖标志及其定位意义。结果:颈静脉孔区多数重要的解剖结构均可以TPA为参照标志予以明确。二腹肌后腹位于其浅层。TPA的后方为枕下三角,三角内有椎动脉、椎静脉丛和颈1神经通过。头侧直肌起始于TPA的外表面,止于枕骨颈静脉突的下表面,可作为确定颅外颈静脉孔的解剖标志。茎突位于TPA的前方,颈内静脉、迷走神经、副神经、舌下神经穿行于茎突与TPA之间,颈内动脉位于颈内静脉的前内侧。二腹肌、颈静脉突、颈动脉嵴对定位面神经、颈静脉孔及舌咽神经等结构具有重要意义。结论:颈静脉孔区解剖结构复杂,利用寰椎横突、头侧直肌、二腹肌沟、颈静脉突等解剖标志有助于明确此区域重要的解剖结构,避免术中不必要的损伤。     

颈静脉孔的放射解剖学

对200侧正常颈静脉孔的X线影像和20侧尸头颈静脉孔进行了观测。颈静脉孔有单、双孔之分,左侧的单、双孔分别占86%和14%,右侧的分别占80%和20%。单孔的形态可分四种,双孔的间隔为骨桥。左、右侧颈静脉孔的面积分别为46mm~2和62mm~2。颈内静脉位于孔的后外侧部,舌咽神经位于前内侧部,迷走神经和副神经可位于前内侧部、后外侧部或二部交界处。