近红外光谱法快速测定注射用乙酰谷酰胺水分

摘 要 目的：利用近红外光谱(NIR)技术结合化学计量学方法对注射用乙酰谷酰胺的水分进行快速定量分析。方法: 以51批注射用乙酰谷酰胺及7批加速引湿样本为分析对象,采用卡尔费休法测定样品水分;采集样品近红外光谱,选择建模谱段为5 419.1～4 993.1 cm-1,光谱预处理方法为一阶导数+多元散射校正,利用偏最小二乘法建立定量模型。结果: 建模样本水分值范围为0.8%～5.9%,交叉验证均方根误差为0.144,相关系数为0.982 4;外部验证均方根误差为0.155,相关系数为0.983 7。结论: 建立的模型能对注射用乙酰谷酰胺的水分进行快速定量分析,方法简单可靠,可用于药品的现场快速分析。     

近红外特征谱段相关系数法鉴别保健品中非法添加枸橼酸西地那非的研究

目的：快速准确鉴别保健品中是否非法添加枸橼酸西地那非。方法：用近红外特征谱段相关系数法快速鉴别保健品中非法添加枸橼酸西地那非。结果：近红外特征谱段相关系数法可以快速、准确鉴别保健品中非法添加枸橼酸西地那非,总体正确率达到94.4%。结论：该方法快速、简便、灵敏、结果准确,适用于现场监督检查时快速鉴别保健品中是否非法添加枸橼酸西地那非,值得在现场监督检查时推广应用。     

Feasibility of the Optical Imaging of Thrombus Formation in a Rotary Blood Pump by Near‐Infrared Light

Blood coagulation is one of the primary concerns when using mechanical circulatory support devices such as blood pumps. Noninvasive detection and imaging of thrombus formation is useful not only for the development of more hemocompatible devices but also for the management of blood coagulation to avoid risk of infarction. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of near‐infrared light for imaging of thrombus formation in a rotary blood pump. The optical properties of a thrombus at wavelengths ranging from 600 to 750 nm were analyzed using a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system. A specially designed hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump with a visible bottom area was used. In vitro antithrombogenic testing was conducted five times with the pump using bovine whole blood in which the activated blood clotting time was adjusted to 200 s prior to the experiment. Two halogen lights were used for the light sources. The forward scattering through the pump and backward scattering on the pump bottom area were imaged using the HSI system. HSI showed an increase in forward scattering at wavelengths ranging from 670 to 750 nm in the location of thrombus formation. The time at which the thrombus began to form in the impeller rotating at 2780 rpm could be detected. The spectral difference between the whole blood and the thrombus was utilized to image thrombus formation. The results indicate the feasibility of dynamically detecting and imaging thrombus formation in a rotary blood pump.     

近红外光谱法快速鉴别市售不同厂家生产的藿胆丸

目的:建立快速鉴别市售不同厂家生产的藿胆丸的方法。方法:采用近红外光谱法。采集7个厂家的藿胆丸样品的近红外光谱,并用判别分析方法和聚类分析方法分别对数据进行分析。结果:聚类分析中,当类间距离为0.64时,K厂家和G厂家样品首先聚为一类,当类间距离为1.84时,其他5个厂家样品自成一类;所建立的判别分析模型错判例数为0,判别分析准确率为100%。结论:所建立的近红外光谱法可以快速、准确、无损地对不同厂家生产的藿胆丸制剂进行定性分析。     

运用近红外光谱法建立盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片一致性检验模型

目的运用近红外光谱法建立盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片一致性检验模型。方法在12000cm-1~4000cm-1区间对盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片进行图谱扫描,选择二阶导数化和矢量归一化预处理方法建立一致性检验模型。结果利用该模型可以快速准确的区分贵州天安药业股份有限公司与其他厂家的盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片。结论本文建立的检验模型快速、简便、准确、有效,是药品监督部门快速筛查假冒品牌药品的有效手段。     

赖诺普利片近红外光谱法定性模型的建立

目的：建立赖诺普利片品牌近红外光谱技术的判别模型,以打击假冒伪劣品[1]。方法在Opus Setup Conformity Test模块中,取10000～4200cm-1谱段范围对原始光谱进行一阶导数化（17点平滑）加矢量归一法数据前处理后建立判别模型。结果江苏黄河药业股份有限公司的12批赖诺普利片均在模型设定的CI限度范围内,而2批假冒品均在模型设定的 CI值范围之外。结论此方法建立的品牌模型,能快速鉴别该品牌药品的真伪,并可应用于日常监督中的药品的初筛,以提高抽样命中率。     

"AD教育课堂"模式应用对特应性皮炎病儿 生活质量及近亲属认知程度的影响分析

目的 探讨“AD教育课堂”模式应用于特应性皮炎(AD)病儿治疗教育中对认知程度和生活质量的影响。方法 选择2014年6月至2016年6月靖江市人民医院收治的AD病儿122例,按随机数字表法分为两组,各61例。两组均给予外用药物治疗,对照组实施常规健康教育,观察组实施“AD教育课堂”模式的治疗教育。对比分析两组教育前后瘙痒程度、生活质量变化,并统计两组教育后临床疗效和病儿近亲属认知度情况。结果 观察组临床总有效率60例(98.36%)高于对照组48例(78.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.763,P=0.002);观察组教育后瘙痒程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组教育后近亲属对疾病认知程度为100.00%(61/61),优于对照组的75.41%(46/61),差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.103,P=0.000);观察组教育后体闲娱乐、症状感受、学业假期、人际关系、治疗的影响、睡眠及总影响评分分别为(1.22±0.68)分、(1.31±0.44)分、(0.59±0.11)分、(1.30±0.12)分、(0.35±0.10)分、(0.42±0.09)分及(6.01±1.05)分,均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.240、6.018、10.387、18.214、25.876、24.204、14.120,均P=0.000)。结论 “AD教育课堂”模式应用于AD病儿治疗教育中可显著减轻其瘙痒程度,提高临床疗效和病儿近亲属疾病认知度,改善病儿生活质量,值得推广。     

Life review and life story books for people with mild to moderate dementia: a randomised controlled trial

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different pathways for developing a life story book (LSB) for people with dementia.

Method: Preliminary randomised control trial; 23 people with dementia in care homes (mean age 86) randomly assigned to receive either 12 individual life review sessions and co-creating a LSB or a personal LSB created by their relatives as a ‘gift’

Results: No difference in quality of life (quality of life–Alzheimer's disease (QOL–AD)) was observed between the two groups, six weeks after having received the LSB (F(1,20) = 0.08, p = 0.77). At this point, QOL–AD had improved for both groups, but there was a significant between-group difference at an intermediate assessment immediately after the life review sessions had been completed, before the LSBs were received (F(1, 20) = 5.11, p = 0.035), in favour of life review. A similar pattern was observed on autobiographical memory (extended autobiographical memory interview), with the life review group improving significantly more than the gift group during the life review sessions, but no difference was observed once all participants had had their LSB for six weeks. After the LSBs were produced – by either pathway – quality of relationship as rated by relatives improved significantly (F(2, 39) = 19.37, p < 0.001) and staff knowledge regarding the resident and attitudes to dementia improved.

Conclusion: The creation of LSBs – either through a life review process or by relatives without involving the person with dementia – has benefits for people with dementia, relatives and staff in care homes. However, undertaking a life review requires training and supervision.     

基于高频中值滤波的小波滤波在脑动脉色素浓度谱特征信号提取中的应用

近年来,近红外光谱技术(mear infrared spectrometry,NIRS)在脑科学研究领域倍受青睐。为了更好地满足参数的后续使用并提取出有效特征信号,前期尝试了多种常用滤波方法,为了解决滤后信号易失真以及不能有效滤除低频或者高频噪声的问题,提出了基于高频中值滤波的小波滤波,并采用高度还原真实信号特点的仿真信号以及利用脑血流动力学参数采集系统获得的真实光电容积脉搏波(photoplethysmography,PPG)信号,基于中值滤波的小波滤波进行分析。将实验测试数据与其他滤波方法的特征信号提取效果进行对比,并对处理数据进行信噪比和频谱分析。结果表明,采用中值滤波与小波滤波相结合的滤波方式,对脑动脉色素浓度谱特征信号进行滤波处理,能获得有效、精准的脑血流动力学参数,为后续的测量精度打下基础。该方法有效结合了中值滤波能够剔除粗差的特性和小波滤波在光电容积脉搏波中有效滤除高斯信号的特性,改善了采用单一方式的局限性,提供了一种新的PPG滤波的思路,对比传统方法更加优化。