重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列：设计简介与建设概况

出生队列是研究生命早期暴露对健康结局影响的重要工具, 但目前缺乏有力支撑孕前暴露特别是父系暴露对生殖健康和妊娠结局影响研究的大型队列平台。重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列研究是起始于孕前阶段, 同等关注男女双方的环境、心理、行为等暴露因素对生殖健康和不良妊娠结局影响的前瞻性队列研究。项目于2019年正式启动, 计划招募有生育意愿的育龄夫妇20 800人。通过随访, 调查志愿者2年内是否自然受孕。对进入妊娠期的女性志愿者, 在孕早、中、晚期进一步随访, 并对分娩的子代随访至2岁, 监测早产、低出生体重、出生缺陷、神经功能发育障碍等结局发生情况。各阶段分别采集相应的数据信息和生物样本, 包括精液、外周血、尿液、胎盘、脐带、脐带血、口腔拭子等。截至2022年1月, 已纳入志愿者8 698人, 分布于重庆市所有38个区/县。本队列建设目标是成为涵盖父母双方的前瞻性大样本孕前出生队列, 将以独特的设计和更加全面的视角阐明全生育周期特别是孕前期暴露因素对生殖健康和不良出生结局的影响及机制。     

应用多聚酶链反应技术研究HBV感染者精液的传染性

目的：研究ＨＢＶ感染者精液的传染性。方法：应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）分别对９０例ＨＢＶ感染者精液和血液ＨＢＶＤＮＡ进行检测。结果;发现精液ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率为５５．５６％,血液ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率为８１．１１％,结论：ＨＢＶ感染者精液具有较强的传染性,其性伴应行乙肝疫苗的预防接种。     

The importance of employing stringent methods to recruit fertile male controls

Two methods of recruiting fertile male controls were evaluated and compared. The first group was recruited from the partners of women attending an antenatal clinic without obtaining details of their reproductive history. The second group was recruited after obtaining a detailed reproductive history from the couple and employing stringent entry criteria. Entry criteria for the second group included a length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of not more than 12 months and no previous episode of involuntary infertility for either partner. There were significant differences between the distributions of semen parameters obtained from the two groups, indicating that the selection criteria for "fertile" men significantly influence results obtained and therefore that it is important to employ stringent criteria for the recruitment of fertile male controls. The group which was recruited by stringent criteria (mean length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of 3 months) was characterised by a significantly higher median concentration of spermatozoa which exhibited slow linear or nonlinear motility. This confirms the findings of a previous study which suggested that slow linear or nonlinear motility are superior forms of spermatozoal motion.     

菟丝子对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 :观察菟丝子对 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 :采用 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠 ,灌服菟丝子水煎剂 30 d,测定红细胞 C3b受体花环率 (RBC- C3b RR)及免疫复合物花环率 (RBC- ICR)。结果 :菟丝子水煎剂能提高小鼠 RBC- C3b RR(P <0 .0 5 ) ,使小鼠 RBC- ICR降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :中药菟丝子明显增强衰老模型小鼠的红细胞免疫功能 ,具有延缓衰老作用     

HPLC法测定山东4种菟丝子槲皮素、山萘酚的含量

目的：考查山东4种菟丝子中槲皮素与山萘酚含量的差异。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。结果：山东4种菟丝子中槲皮素与山萘酚的含量均较低，前者含量为0．0002％～0．0502％，后者为0．0002％～0．0205％。其中菟丝子、金灯藤和啤酒花菟丝子中槲皮素含量明显高于山萘酚；而南方菟丝子正相反，槲皮素含量低于山萘酚。槲皮素与山萘酚的含量不仅与菟丝子的品种有关，而且与其寄生的植物有关。结论：HPLC法可以作为菟丝子类药材质量评价的依据。     

槟榔水提液对胃肠运动的影响

目的：研究槟榔水提液对胃肠运动的作用。方法：采用炭末标记的半固体米糊小鼠胃排空、小肠推进实验以及离体大鼠胃底肌条运动实验，观察槟榔水提液对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进、离体大鼠胃底肌条收缩的影响，以及在阿托品或去甲肾上腺素负荷的小鼠胃排空、小肠推进抑制的影响。结果：槟榔水提液1．25g/k、2．5g/k、5g/k对小鼠胃排空有明显加快作用；中、高剂量对小鼠小肠推进也有明显的促进作用。2．5g/k对阿托品或去甲肾上腺素引致小鼠胃排空和小肠推进抑制有拮抗作用。槟榔水提液对大鼠胃底肌条收缩有明显的促进作用，表现为张力基线明显提高，振幅也明显加大。结论：槟榔对胃肠道运动有促进作用。其作用途径除与M胆碱受体有关外，同时很有可能也与α肾上腺素受体有关。     

南瓜子的研究进展

本文对近年来有关南瓜子的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等方面的研究进展作一概述。其化学成分主要含有脂肪酸，植物甾醇，氨基酸，维生素和矿物质等。药理研究表明有驱除寄生虫，降低LDL胆固醇，抗炎，缓解高血压，减少膀胱和尿道张力等作用，毒性很小。临床报道用于治疗绦虫病，血吸虫病，前列腺炎，前列腺增生，改善膀胱刺激征，防止尿道结石形成等。     

高效液相色谱法测定淡豆豉药材中异黄酮的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定淡豆豉中异黄酮含量。方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱为YWG C18柱(250 mm×4.5 mm,10μm),以甲醇-水-乙酸(10:10:1)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长260 nm,测定淡豆豉中染料木素(genistein)、大豆黄素(daidzein)含量。结果:染料木素及大豆黄素的线性范围分别为2.00-40.00μg·mL-1和2.64-52.70μg·mL-1,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9993,不同产地的淡豆豉中异黄酮含量差异较大。结论:本法准确、简便、快速,对于控制和评价淡豆豉的品质有重要意义。     

Assessment of adolescent varicocele

Varicocele is the most important male factor responsible for decreased fertility potential in married couples. From March through June 1994, 2,470 school boys aged 10–20 years were examined to establish the incidence of consecutive grades of varicocele and to develop a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with varicocele. Grade 1 varicocele was found in 18%, grade 2 in 12%, and grade 3 in 5% of the population examined. An original protocol of ultrasonographic (US) examination (previously verified by angioscintigraphy) was introduced to assess boys with clinically diagnosed varicocele. The volume of each testis, testicular volume decrease (TVD), pampiniform vein diameter (PVD), and basal (BBF) and maximum blood flow (MBF) velocities were measured in 625 boys. In 74 cases a semen analysis was performed. The statistical analysis revealed that the presence of venous reflux and PVD correlated with the grade of varicocele. Decreases in testicular volume were highly dependent on the grade of varicocele, PVD, and BBF and MBF velocities. Analysis of the relationship between spermatic (boys over 17 years) and US findings revealed that the quality of spermatogenesis can be predicted by US examination in adolescents with varicocele. The authors recommend multiparametric US examination as a reliable, objective, and repeatable technique for establishing criteria for operative treatment in boys under 18 years of age with varicocele as well as for postoperative evaluation.     

马钱子研究进展

回顾和分析近年来研究马钱子及其制剂的文献，总结归纳了马钱子的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用、用药安全性和质量标准等方面的研究概况，为今后的深入研究提供了相关的依据。