Mitochondrial DNA content and 4977 bp deletion in unfertilized oocytes

Previous studies analysing the incidences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and mtDNA content in unfertilized oocytes in relation to donors' age have been controversial. The objective of the study was to compare these two parameters in unfertilized oocytes and relate them to the donors' age. Fifty-two women donated 155 unfertilized metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The incidence of 4977 bp deletion was 34.6%, and the mtDNA copy number was 598 350 +/- 265 862. Women >or=35 years of age had a significantly higher incidence of 4977 bp deletion, lower mtDNA copy number, higher FSH level and poorer ovarian response when compared with younger women. The mtDNA copy number was negatively correlated with the donor's age. The higher incidence of mtDNA deletion and lower mtDNA copy number in older women suggested that these two parameters may reflect ovarian ageing.     

湖南省阿片类物质滥用的流行病学调查Ⅱ滥用者使用模式和人口学特征

目的:了解湖南省6地区阿片类物质滥用的类型、方式、首次滥用年龄、原因和滥用者的人口学特征。方法:采用整群抽样,入户调查与线索调查相结合的方法,对在68192名15岁~50岁社区普通居民中筛查出的370例阿片类物质滥用者的毒品滥用模式进行调查,并分析滥用者的人口学特征。结果:约95%的阿片类滥用者吸食海洛因,有少量滥用者用度冷丁和美沙酮;烫吸是首选滥用方式(81.4%),注射吸毒居第二位(38.6%);首次用药平均年龄是27±6岁,90.2%的首次用药年龄小于35岁;受他人影响(75.1%)、好奇心驱使(72.7%)和追求刺激(56.5%)是阿片类物质滥用者首次用药的三大原因;滥用者中男性(87.3%)、35岁以下者(71.1%)居多,78.7%为初中或以下者,无稳定婚姻关系和无固定职业者药物滥用率明显高于稳定婚姻关系和有固定职业者。结论:海洛因是湖南阿片类物质滥用的主要类型,使用途径以烫吸和注射为主,青中年男性、受教育程度较低者、无业/失业等非固定职业者、未婚或非稳定婚姻者是阿片类物质滥用的高危人群,应加强对高危人群的毒品滥用健康教育,有效防治毒品滥用的蔓延。     

Evidence for an Association of the Dopamine D5 Receptor Gene on Age at Onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with the age at onset for ADHD. One hundred and forty-three SNPs were genotyped across five candidate genes ( DRD5 , SLC6A3 , HTR1B , SNAP25 , DRD4 ) for ADHD in 229 families with at least one affected offspring. SNPs with the highest estimated power to detect an association with age at onset were selected for each candidate gene, using a power-based screening procedure that does not compromise the nominal significance level. A time-to-onset analysis for family-based samples was performed on these SNPs to determine if an association exists with age at onset for ADHD. Seven consecutive SNPs surrounding the D5 dopamine receptor gene ( DRD5 ), were associated with the age at onset for ADHD; FDR adjusted q-values ranged from 0.008 to 0.023. This analysis indicates that individuals with the risk genotype develop ADHD earlier than individuals with any other genotype. A haplotype analysis across the 6 significant SNPs that were in linkage disequilibrium with one another, CTCATA , was also found to be significant (p-value = 0.02). We did not observe significant associations with age at onset for the other candidate loci tested. Although definitive conclusions await independent replication, these results suggest that a variant in DRD5 may affect age at onset for ADHD.     

HBV-DNA阳性育龄妇女HBV血清标志物、前S1抗原的检测分析

目的：探讨HBV—DNA阳性育龄妇女病毒复制与HBV标志物及前S1抗原的关系。方法：对1643例慢性乙型肝炎育龄妇女采用荧光定量PCR法检测血清HBV—DNA，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测HBV标志物和前S1抗原。结果：HBV—DNA阳性育龄妇女432例。其中，HBsAg阴性者占19．44％，前S1抗原总阳性率55．09％，且随着HBV—DNA载量增加，前S1抗原阳性率也升高。结论：采用HBV—DNA、HBV标志物、前S1抗原联检，才能更准确提供育龄妇女HBV感染诊疗依据，有效控制HBV感染率。     

Epidemiology of achondroplasia: A population‐based study in Europe

Achondroplasia is a rare genetic disorder resulting in short‐limb skeletal dysplasia. We present the largest European population‐based epidemiological study to date using data provided by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) network. All cases of achondroplasia notified to 28 EUROCAT registries (1991–2015) were included in the study. Prevalence, birth outcomes, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies, and the impact of paternal and maternal age on de novo achondroplasia were presented. The study population consisted of 434 achondroplasia cases with a prevalence of 3.72 per 100,000 births (95%CIs: 3.14–4.39). There were 350 live births, 82 terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis, and two fetal deaths. The prenatal detection rate was significantly higher in recent years (71% in 2011–2015 vs. 36% in 1991–1995). Major associated congenital anomalies were present in 10% of cases. About 20% of cases were familial. After adjusting for maternal age, fathers >34 years had a significantly higher risk of having infants with de novo achondroplasia than younger fathers. Prevalence was stable over time, but regional differences were observed. All pregnancy outcomes were included in the prevalence estimate with 80.6% being live born. The study confirmed the increased risk for older fathers of having infants with de novo achondroplasia.     

Influence of age on serum protein binding of propranolol

Summary The extent of propranolol protein binding was determined in three different age groups of healthy drug-free caucasian males. Volunteers selected for study were 6–15 years old, 25–36 years old and 68–76 years old. Ten milliliters of blood were obtained via venipuncture and collected in glass tubes from the subjects after an overnight fast. Binding determinations were performed by equilibrium dialysis using radiolabelled propranolol. Serum albumin and ₁-acid glycoprotein concentrations were determined in all subjects by radial immunodiffusion. The results obtained showed wide intersubject variability in the binding ratio of propranolol and serum concentrations of ₁-acid glycoprotein. Mean albumin serum concentration was found to be significantly lower in the elderly group as compared to the adult and pediatric groups (p<0.02). A positive correlation was found between the binding ratio of propranolol and the serum concentration of ₁-acid glycoprotein in all the subjects (r=+0.66,p<0.005). No significant correlation was found between the binding ratio of propranolol and the serum concentration of albumin (r=–0.03,p<0.88). These data suggest that the extent of propranolol binding is influenced primarily by serum concentrations of ₁-acid glycoprotein and not by differences in age.     

Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in healthy,elderly, non-smoking individuals after a single dose and two weeks of treatment

Summary The effect of long-term treatment on the absorption and dispsoition of metoprolol has been evaluated in 8 healthy, non-smoking, elderly individuals (mean age 74.5 years) and in a control group of 8 healthy, young individuals. Two trace doses of [³H]metoprolol were given i.v., first concomitantly with a single oral 50 mg dose of cold metoprolol, and second, with the morning dose after 2 weeks of treatment with 50 mg b.d. In the elderly, the mean AUC increased by about 45% (p<0.05) over the treatment period, while in the control group the mean AUC was 18% greater (p<0.05) on Day 14 than on Day 1. In the elderly, changes both in pre-systemic elimination and in total body clearance accounted for the elevation of the AUC, whereas reduced first-pass effect appeared to be the major cause of the increased steady-state plasma level in the control group. With the exception of the volume term, V , the pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between the elderly and the young individuals. For this reason, almost identical steady-state plasma levels were attained in the two groups. The results suggest that age-related physiological changes may have some minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, and also that the changes do not lead to significantly altered plasma concentrations compared to those in young individuals.     

Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden

The principal reason for this epidemiological study was the lack of psychiatric morbidity studies in a predominantly urban population, by psychiatrists in direct interviews. The psychiatric examination, covering 1970-71, included a representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18-65 years old from "former" Stockholm County, and the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders was measured. The total of non-participants was 12%. Forty-seven percent had a psychiatric diagnosis - significantly more women (54%) than men (40%). Excluding the psychosomatic diagnoses, 31% of the population received a psychiatric diagnosis, which agrees closely with other contemporary studies of mental disorder in the Nordic countries. The primary diagnoses were: neuroses 26%, psychosomatic diagnoses 16%, schizophrenic/paranoid conditions or other psychoses 0.6%, affective disorders 0.2%, psychoorganic syndromes 1.2%, psychopathy 0.2%, character neurosis 1%, drug dependence 0.2% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.6%), alcoholism 1.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 3.1%) and mental retardation 0.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.8%).     

父母社会经济地位与儿童问题行为的关系:父母生育年龄的中介作用

目的 探讨父母生育年龄对父母社会经济地位与儿童问题行为的中介作用。方法 采取分层整群抽样方法,选取蚌埠市2所幼儿园和2所小学的1-3年级共834名儿童及其父母为研究对象进行问卷调查。儿童的问题行为通过长处和困难问卷进行评估,父母社会经济地位通过社会经济地位量表进行评估。采用多元线性回归和Bootstrap法构建并检验父母生育年龄对父母社会经济地位与儿童问题行为的中介效应。结果 母亲的社会经济地位(β=-0.109,P=0.003)和生育年龄(β=-0.096,P=0.007)均与儿童多动-注意不能呈负相关,母亲社会经济地位与母亲生育年龄则呈正相关(β=0.236,P<0.001)。母亲生育年龄对母亲社会经济地位和儿童多动-注意不能的部分中介效应为-0.059 (95%CI:-0.110--0.018,P=0.007)。结论 较高的母亲社会经济地位可以减少儿童多动-注意不能的发生。父母在努力提高家庭经济收入的同时,应努力提升自己的教养水平,注意儿童问题行为的发生。     

徐州市直属小学学生近视与教室光环境调查研究

目的 调查徐州市直属小学学生近视现状,分析教室光环境及学龄对儿童视力的影响。方法 采用整群抽样方法,运用标准对数视力表对直属小学学生进行视力检测;随机抽取4所学校,使用TES-1332A照度计测定教室光环境;计量资料采用t检验或方差分析;计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料采用秩和检验分析其统计学差异。结果 2018年徐州市小学生近视检出率总体为49.84%(男生45.81%,女生53.88%),女生高于男生(χ2=52.001,P<0.05),且重度近视检出率更高(Z=7.795,P<0.05)。市直属小学生近视检出率54.18%,县区直属小学46.45%,市区高于县区(χ2=47.247,P<0.05)。不同年级近视发生情况不同,二～六年级近视检出率分别为36.03%,40.5%,48.45%,58.77%,65.4%,高年级近视发生率高于低年级(χ2趋势=384.766,P<0.05),且重度近视高于低年级(χ2=742.673,P<0.05)。各检测小学不同楼层间教室黑板以及桌面照度不同 (F=3.894,P<0.05) ,但均符合国家标准。结论 徐州市直属小学学生近视检出率较高,并随学龄延长而加重,女生更严重;监测学校教室光环境符合要求。改善和保护学生视力除了保障教室光环境合格和定期监测外,应进一步探讨影响学生视力的其他因素,共同促进学生视力健康。