徐州市直属小学学生近视与教室光环境调查研究

目的 调查徐州市直属小学学生近视现状,分析教室光环境及学龄对儿童视力的影响。方法 采用整群抽样方法,运用标准对数视力表对直属小学学生进行视力检测;随机抽取4所学校,使用TES-1332A照度计测定教室光环境;计量资料采用t检验或方差分析;计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料采用秩和检验分析其统计学差异。结果 2018年徐州市小学生近视检出率总体为49.84%(男生45.81%,女生53.88%),女生高于男生(χ2=52.001,P<0.05),且重度近视检出率更高(Z=7.795,P<0.05)。市直属小学生近视检出率54.18%,县区直属小学46.45%,市区高于县区(χ2=47.247,P<0.05)。不同年级近视发生情况不同,二～六年级近视检出率分别为36.03%,40.5%,48.45%,58.77%,65.4%,高年级近视发生率高于低年级(χ2趋势=384.766,P<0.05),且重度近视高于低年级(χ2=742.673,P<0.05)。各检测小学不同楼层间教室黑板以及桌面照度不同 (F=3.894,P<0.05) ,但均符合国家标准。结论 徐州市直属小学学生近视检出率较高,并随学龄延长而加重,女生更严重;监测学校教室光环境符合要求。改善和保护学生视力除了保障教室光环境合格和定期监测外,应进一步探讨影响学生视力的其他因素,共同促进学生视力健康。

Investigation on myopia of students and classroom light environments in primary schools directly affiliated to Xuzhou City

Objective To investigate the myopia status of students in primary schools directly affiliated to Xuzhou City, and analyze the impact of classroom light environment and school age on children's visual status. Methods A cluster sampling was conducted, and standard logarithmic visual acuity table was used to test students' vision. The classroom light environment was measured with TES-1332a illuminance meterin in 4 primary schools randomly selected. The measurement data were analyzed by t-test or analysis of variance; the enumeration data were analyzed by χ2 test, and the ranked data were analyzed by rank sum test for statistical differences. Results The overall detection rate of myopia in primary school students in Xuzhou City in 2018 was 49.84% (45.81% for boys and 53.88% for girls). The detection rate of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys (χ2=52.001, P<0.05), and the detection rate of severe myopia in girls was much higher (Z=7.795, P<0.05). The detection rate of myopia in primary school students directly affiliated to the city was 54.18%, which was higher than that in primary school students directly affiliated to the county and district (46.45%) (χ2=47.247, P<0.05). The incidence rates of myopia were different among different grades. The detection rates of myopia in grades 2 - 6 were 36.03%, 40.5%, 48.45%, 58.77%, and 65.4% respectively. The incidence rates of myopia in higher grades were higher than those in lower grades (χ2trend=384.766, P<0.05), and in addition, the incidence rates of severe myopia of students in higher grades were also higher than those in lower grades (χ2trend=742.673, P<0.05). The illuminance of blackboards and desktops of classrooms in different floors of each testing primary school was different (F=3.894, P<0.05), but they were all met with the national standards. Conclusions The detection rate of myopia in primary school students directly affiliated to Xuzhou City is high, which increases with the extension of school age, especially in girls. The monitor of the light environments of the school classrooms shows that they are all met with the requirements. To improve and protect students' eyesight, in addition to ensuring that the light environments in the classrooms are qualified and monitored regularly, we should further explore other factors affecting students' eyesight and jointly promote students' eyesight health.