新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)感染性肺炎现代中医诊疗建议方案与探讨

自2019年12月以来,以我国湖北武汉地区为中心,以人群集散辐射传播为特点,全国各地病例陆续出现增加。疫情发源地罹患患者早期以身热不扬、干咳气促、身楚乏力为主要症状,以脉濡缓、舌苔厚腻、胸部X线检查显示炎性反应性改变为特征的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)感染性肺炎为主的新型传染病。疫情传入地的患者早期症状由于地域的不同,有所差异。各地传统中医、现代医学先后集体或个人出台了相关诊疗方法和建议方案。作为现代中医,按照习近平主席:“遵循中医发展规律,传承精华,守正创新”和“中西并重”的指示精神。为规范这一新型传染病“瘟疫”的认知和诊疗,综合相关资料,根据疫情演变规律,结合个人经验与体会,特此探讨COVID-19感染性肺炎的诊疗建议方案。     

7692例呼吸道感染患儿甲乙流病毒检测现况分析

目的 了解贵州省人民医院白云分院呼吸道感染患儿甲乙流病毒检测情况。方法 回顾性分析2019年4～12月在贵州省人民医院白云分院进行甲乙流病毒检测的患儿检测结果及其流行病学特点。结果 共有7692例患儿进行了甲乙流病毒检测,检出阳性率为15.95%,其中甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒检出率分别为13.38%和2.57%。检出阳性率存在年龄和季节分布特点,5岁以上的儿童检出率最高,冬季检出率可高达22.20%。结论 呼吸道感染患儿流感病毒检测阳性率较高,并且具有一定的年龄易感性和季节分布特点,医院、社区、学校和家庭应根据其特点做出针对性防治策略。     

Recomendaciones prácticas para el manejo perioperatorio del paciente con sospecha o infección grave por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications.     

城市社区在“新冠肺炎”疫情防控中的基础作用与思考

近期新型冠状病毒肺炎肆虐,正在严重威胁人们的身体健康和生命安全。政府作为应对突发公共卫生事件的主体,在疫情爆发初期存在信息沟通不畅、防控工作效率不高和民众依从性不理想等局限性,因此政府需要充分发挥社会力量。社区作为疫情防控的第一道防线,在疫情防控中具有信息收集及时准确、防控措施执行精准和社会动员效率高等优势,在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用日渐显现。应充分发挥社区在疫情防控中的基础作用,完善城市社区防控体系建设,使其成为预防与控制疾病的重要堡垒,意义重大。     

Geometric architecture of viruses

In the current SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the structural understanding of new emerging viruses in relation to developing effective treatment and interventions are very necessary. Viruses present remarkable differences in geometric shapes, sizes, molecular compositions and organizations. A detailed structural knowledge of a virion is essential for understanding the mechanisms of capsid assembly/disassembly, antigenicity, cell-receptor interaction, and designing therapeutic strategies. X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy and molecular simulations have elucidated atomic-level structure of several viruses. In view of this, a recently determined crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid has revealed its architecture and self-assembly very similar to that of the SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle-East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV). In structure determination, capsid symmetry is an important factor greatly contributing to its stability and balance between the packaged genome and envelope. Since the capsid protein subunits are asymmetrical, the maximum number of inter-subunit interactions can be established only when they are arranged symmetrically. Therefore, a stable capsid must be in a perfect symmetry and lowest possible free-energy. Isometric virions are spherical but geometrically icosahedrons as compared to complex virions that are both isometric and helical. Enveloped icosahedral or helical viruses are very common in animals but rare in plants and bacteria. Icosahedral capsids are defined by triangulation number (T = 1, 3, 4, 13, etc.), i.e., the identical equilateral-triangles formed of subunits. Biologically significant defective capsids with or without nucleic acids are common in enveloped alpha-, flavi- and hepadnaviruses. The self-assembling, stable and non-infectious virus-like particles have been widely exploited as vaccine candidates and therapeutic molecules delivery vehicles.     

The Impact of Patient Access to Their Electronic Health Record on Medication Management Safety: A Narrative Review

IntroductionAs the American’s Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stated that patients should be allowed to review their medical records, and as information technology is ever more widely used by healthcare professionals and patients, providing patients with online access to their own medical records through a patient portal is becoming increasingly popular. Previous research has been done regarding the impact on the quality and safety of patients’ care, rather than explicitly on medication safety, when providing those patients with access to their electronic health records (EHRs).AimThis narrative review aims to summarise the results from previous studies on the impact on medication management safety concepts of adult patients accessing information contained in their own EHRs.ResultA total of 24 studies were included in this review. The most two commonly studied measures of safety in medication management were: (a) medication adherence and (b) patient-reported experience. Other measures, such as: discrepancies, medication errors, appropriateness and Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) were the least studied.ConclusionThe results suggest that providing patients with access to their EHRs can improve medication management safety. Patients pointed out improvements to the safety of their medications and perceived stronger medication control. The data from these studies lay the foundation for future research.     

"肺炎1号"治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎451例多中心临床研究

目的:观察“肺炎1号”治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年2月17日至2020年3月15日湖北省中医院、监利县中医院、蕲春县人民医院、潜江市中医院、洪湖市中医医院、阳新县中医医院、浠水县中医院、大冶市中医医院、汉川市人民医院、武昌方舱医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者451例,采用“肺炎1号”联合西医常规治疗,观察“肺炎1号”对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床症状、舌象、实验室检查结果及肺部CT情况。结果:共纳入451例患者,其中轻型21例,普通型378例,重型46例,危重型6例。疑似病例6例(1.33%),临床诊断病例168例(37.25%),确诊病例277例(61.42%)。治疗后与治疗前比较,患者发热、咳嗽、乏力主要症状发生率显著降低(P<0.05);恶寒、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、咽部痒、咽痛、呼吸困难、胸闷、肌肉酸痛或关节疼痛、头晕头痛、纳差、恶心呕吐、腹胀、大便稀溏症状发生率显著改善(P<0.05);白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);淋巴细胞绝对值明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C反应蛋白、降钙素原明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。退热时间3(1～3.25)d。229例患者舌质由红或绛逐渐转为淡红,好转率为75.58%;177例患者白腻苔、厚腻苔、黄腻苔明显变薄,好转率为65.31%。新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间为8(5,11)d。415例(92.02%)肺部CT明显好转,主要表现在病灶面积减小,变薄变淡。达到出院标准430例,临床治愈率95.34%;好转15例;无效3例;死亡3例(0.67%)。治疗过程中,未见明显不良反应,临床应用安全。结论:“肺炎1号”结合西医常规治疗对新型冠状病毒肺炎有较好的治疗作用,能够快速稳定病情,阻断轻型、普通型向重型、危重型转化;明显改善患者临床症状;较好促进肺部炎性反应吸收;使用安全可靠。     

人诺如病毒体外培养体系研究进展

目的 系统全面的阐述人诺如病毒(human noroviruses, HuNoVs)体外培养研究的历史、发展及现有体系各自的优缺点和发展方向。方法 以“human noroviruses”、“in vitro"、“culture”、“cofactor”作为PubMed和Web of science数据库的检索词，提取实验性体外培养研究论文中的结果和数据，共参考文献33篇。结果 人诺如病毒可在具有B细胞特征的淋巴瘤细胞系和单层人肠上皮细胞系中实现有限的增殖。结论 需进一步改进现有培养体系，突破因不能体外培养导致的诺如病毒基础研究瓶颈。同时，探索诺如病毒复制所需的辅助因子，并研究两者的共作用机制或许是诺如病毒体外培养新的发展方向。