超声引导下VacoraTM旋切系统的实验研究

目的探讨VacoraTM真空辅助活检系统的准确性和安全性,为临床应用奠定基础。方法选用里脊肉和鱼丸作为实验材料,根据鱼丸大小将实验分为5组:0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5及2.0cm组,每组鱼丸3~5个。采用VacoraTM活检系统,先行灰阶超声扫查肌肉后将鱼丸置入肌肉中,超声扫查置入的鱼丸,同轴套管针在超声引导下插入鱼丸底部,在套管针引导和超声监视下行旋切真空抽吸术;旋切后取出采样腔内的组织标本,用超声检查肌肉内的残腔,确定无鱼丸残留声像图。结果每次旋切组织条比较完整,其大小为20.0mm×0.6mm,旋切次数随鱼丸大小的增加而增加;0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5及2.0cm组里脊肉内鱼丸全部切除的平均旋切次数分别为12、15、19、26和31。所用的平均时间分别为15、18、23、27和34min。结论VacoraTM真空辅助活检系统定位准确、取样完整、操作简便。可为良恶性病变的诊断提供足够量的病理检查标本,为良性病变的完全切除提供具有潜在价值的手段。     

小儿输尿管开口异位的诊断和治疗(附22例报告)

目的 提高小儿输尿管开口异位的诊治效果。方法 总结22例输尿管开口异位患儿临床资料。男1例，女21例。年龄1个月～12岁，平均4岁。单侧17例，双侧5例。21例女童中，有正常分次排尿伴异常漏尿18例，完全持续性漏尿3例；1例男童有上尿路梗阻及泌尿系感染。异位开口于阴道14例、尿道4例、前庭3例、膀胱颈1例。结果 手术治疗20例，其中肾切除者11例、半肾切除者7例，术后漏尿症状消失，3例合并输尿管残端综合征；1例双输尿管膀胱再植术后仍有尿失禁；1例直肠化膀胱术无漏尿症状。结论 明确诊断，选择合理手术是小儿异位输尿管口治疗成功的关键。     

多层螺旋CT肺密度测定对结缔组织病肺问质病变的早期诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)肺密度测定对结缔组织病(CTD)肺间质病变(ILL)早期诊断的临床意义。方法对222例CTD患者及50名正常对照者，应用MSCT附带的Pulmo自动评估软件进行上、中、下肺区的密度测定，并同时进行肺高分辨扫描(}-IR(_1、)，分析二者的变化与CTD伴ILL的关系。结果222例cm患者中197例平均肺密度有不同程度的增高，25例平均肺密度正常。157例HRCT有不同程度的肺间质病变，65例HRCT正常。50名正常对照者HRCT均正常，8名平均肺密度有不同程度的增高，42名平均肺密度正常。结论采用MSCT与HRCT对CTD伴ILL的检测结果差异有统计学意义，P=0．000(双侧)，因此MSCT平均肺密度测定对早期诊断CTD伴ILL比HRCT更敏感，更有临床意义。     

TEN YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN LOW VISION PRACTICE

The Low Vision Clinic at the Palmerston North Hospital has now been oerating for 70 years. Over the course of these ten years a number of factors have emerged which can be as readily applied to general ophthalmological practice as to low vision practice. The philosophy of low vision care is one of which all ophthalmologists should be aware and includes factors to be taken into account when dealing with children, people in the workplace, and everyday factors involved in daily living activities, all of which are equally relevant in routine ophthalmological practice. This paper endeavours to share some thoughts on these factors and also discusses means by which the visually handicapped can be helped in areas where specialist low vision services are not readily available.     

泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术500例临床分析

目的:总结泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术经验,提高其临床应用水平。方法:2001年9月至2006年11月为500例患者施行泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术,其中男293例,女207例,9~76岁,平均44.6岁;其中肾上腺手术176例,肾囊肿去顶减压术75例,肾盂切开取石术10例,单纯肾切除术26例,根治性肾切除术31例,肾部分切除术2例,肾输尿管全切术18例,肾蒂淋巴管结扎术9例,输尿管切开取石术9例,输尿管成形术11例,精索静脉高位结扎术133例。并对15例后腹腔镜肾切除术与18例开放式肾切除术进行比较。结果:484例(96.8%)完成手术,其中1例因大出血于手术次日行开放手术;术中膈肌穿孔1例,术后切口感染6例,无大血管破裂、腹腔内脏器损伤、死亡等并发症发生;中转开放手术16例。肾切除手术中,后腹腔镜组的术中出血量及术后患者康复时间少于开放组。结论:后腹腔镜手术适于治疗肾上腺、肾、输尿管及精索静脉疾病,具有患者创伤小、安全、术后康复快等优点,可作为有适应证患者的首选手术方法。     

用放免法测定脐血清中T_4T_3及TSH浓度筛选先天性新生儿甲低

本文用放免法测定脐血清T_4值(727例),T_3值(556例)及TSH值(700例)筛选先天性新生儿甲低。T_4值量男为9.56±4.29ug/dl,女为10.15±4.35ug/dl;T_3值量男为86.06±63.42ngldl,女为85.61±44.42ngld;TSH值男为13.77±12.69mIu/ml,女为13.94±12.51mIu/ml。三种激素男女之间均无显著差别,对24例可疑甲低复查了静脉血清T_4、T_3、TSH含量,T_4值均较脐血清高;T_3值较脐血清高出2—3倍TSH值均降到成年人水平。否定了甲低。并对早期诊断的取样问题进行了讨论。     

MRI在心脏瓣膜病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨多序列MR扫描在心脏瓣膜病中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析56例心脏瓣膜病患者的影像学资料，患者分别采用超声心动图（UCG）、二维（2D）黑血及亮血序列、K-空间节段真实稳态进动快速扫描序列（True FISP）对瓣膜病进行定性评价，15例患者还进行小角度快速激发（FLASH）电影序列和流速编码电影（VEC）定量分析，并将MR结果与UCG进行对比。结果 UCG和MRI诊断二尖瓣狭窄（MS）2例，二尖瓣关闭不全（MI）23例；主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）7例，其中二瓣畸形5例；主动脉瓣关闭不全（AI）13例；三尖瓣关闭不全（TI）2例；复合或联合瓣膜病9例。受累心腔的增大和升主动脉的扩张是其主要形态学改变，异常的血液湍流信号是受累瓣膜的直接征象。VEC-MR定量分析与多普勒超声一致性好：6例AS，MR和UCG检查结果相关性分析，相关系数和校正相关系数分别为：R=0，975、Rsq=0．951（P〈0．01），AI9例，分别为R=0．965、Rsq=0．932（P〈0．01）。结论 MR多序列综合扫描可对心脏瓣膜病特别是主动脉瓣疾病进行准确的定性及定量评价。     

A comparative study of acute and chronic diseases induced by two subgroups of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus

Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) are divided into two subgroups on the basis of their different biological activities. The GDVII strain produces acute polioencephalomyelitis in mice, whereas the DA strain produces demyelination with virus persistence in the spinal cord. A comparative study of GDVII and DA strains suggested that low host immune responses are responsible for the development of acute GDVII infection and that the persistence of infected macrophages plays a crucial role in the development of chronic white matter lesions in DA infection. All 78 mice infected with GDVII died or became moribund by day 13, while none of 54 mice infected with DA died. In the acute stage, the distribution of viral antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue was similar in both GDVII and DA infections, although the virus titer was higher in GDVII infection. In DA infection, a substantial number of T cells were recruited to the CNS on day 6 when they were virtually absent in GDVII infection. The titer of neutralizing antibody was already high on day 6 in DA infection but was negligible in GDVII infection. Development of chronic paralytic disease from day 35 of the DA infection was accompanied by focal accumulation of viral antigen-positive macrophages in the spinal white matter. In addition, white matter lesions comparable to those in chronic DA infection were induced in the spinal cord within 7 days after intracerebral injection of DA-infected murine macrophages. Received: 26 June 1995 / Revised, accepted: 27 December 1995     

Quantitative observation by enzyme cytochemistry of human rectal adenocarcinoma cells killed by LAK cells

Activity of succinic dehydrogenase(SDH)and acid phosphatase(AcPase)of effector-target cells during the process of LAK cells killing HR8348 cells was estimated by enzyme cyto-chemistry technique.SHD positive granules and AePase gray level were assayed with MIAS-300image analyser.The results showed:(1)After cocultivation of effector and target cells for vari-ous times,the activity of AcPase of HR8348 cells was apparently higher than that of the controlgroup,and it increased following prolonged coincubation.SDH activity of target cells increasedmarkedly within 30 and 60 rain cocultivation,but became low after 90 min treatment.(2)Ac-Pase content within LAK cells at 60,90,120,180 and 240 rain cocultivation was significantlyhigher than that of control group(P<0.01).The phenomenon of high AcPase and SDH activitywithin effector-target cells indicates that the function of the two types of cells was in an activestate.At the early stage of effector-target combining,the increase of SDH with HR8348 cellsmay be related to defensive function of the target cells.Higher AcPase activity of target cells in-dicates the activation of lysosomal enzyme which serves as the material basis for autolysis of thecells.