Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the plot thickens.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a substantial proportion of the general population and is frequently associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Currently, the importance of NAFLD and its relationship with the MetS is being increasingly recognized, and this has stimulated an interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported the association of NAFLD with multiple classical and non-classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, there is a strong association between the severity of liver histopathology in NAFLD patients and greater carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque, and lower endothelial flow-mediated vasodilation (as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis) independent of obesity and other MetS components. Finally, it has recently been demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and predicts future CVD events independently of other prognostic factors, including MetS components. Overall, therefore, the evidence from these recent studies strongly emphasizes the importance of assessing the global CVD risk in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, these novel findings suggest a more complex picture and raise the possibility that NAFLD, as a component of the MetS, might not only be a marker but also an early mediator of CVD.     

Investigation of the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Stage Ⅱ Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of Stage Ⅱ breast cancer. METHODS The data from 113 patients with breast cancer of the same pathologic type in Stage Ⅱ,during the period of 1995 to 2001,were analyzed retrospectively.Among the patients,47 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and 66 received no adjuvant therapy before surgery（control group）.After the patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group had received 2 courses of chemotherapy with the CMF regimen,the surgical procedure was conducted. RESULTS Complete remission（CR）was attained in 9 of the 47 cases receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and partial remission（PR）was reached for 22 cases.The rate of breast-conserving surgery was enhanced from 22.73%to 46.81%（P〈0.05）in the neoadjuvant treatment group. There was no difference in the 5-year overall survival（OS）and disease-free survival（DFS）rate between the two groups（P〉0.05）,but the 5-year OS and DFS of the cases with clinical tumor remission was higher compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can enhance the rate of breast conservation for Stage Ⅱ breast cancer and may improve the prognosis of the cases with clinical remission.     

甘肃棘豆生物碱部位体内抗肿瘤作用及对免疫功能的影响

目的 研究甘肃棘豆生物碱部位对KM小鼠肝癌H22细胞抑制作用及其对KM小鼠免疫功能的影响。 方法 采用鼠源性肝癌细胞H22移植瘤法,将60只KM小鼠随机分为5组，其中高、中、低剂量组分别给予甘肃棘豆生物碱部位32、16、8 mg/kg体重灌胃，阴性对照组给予生理盐水（NS）20 mL/kg灌胃，5- 氟脲嘧啶（5-FU）组给予5-FU 15 mg/kg体重腹腔注射，每天1次，连续给药10天。检测平均瘤重和抑瘤率,计算脾指数、胸腺指数，MTT法测脾细胞增殖率。 结果 甘肃棘豆生物碱部位高、中、低剂量组对肝癌细胞H22实体移植瘤的抑制率分别为43%、29%、23%；各剂量组小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数均明显高于阴性对照组，中、高剂量组明显高于5-FU 组（P＜0.05）；各剂量组在24、48、72 h的脾细胞增殖率也明显高于阴性对照组及5-FU 组（P＜0.01）。 结论 甘肃棘豆生物碱部位对KM小鼠肝癌H22移植瘤有抑制作用，并能增强KM小鼠免疫功能。     

散结抗瘤方对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制和免疫调节作用

目的观察散结抗瘤方对S180荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤抑制作用及其免疫调节作用。方法建立小鼠移植S180肉瘤模型。随机分为荷瘤对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组、散结抗瘤方组、散结抗瘤方加CTX组(联合组)。连续给药15 d后处死小鼠,计算其抑瘤率及胸腺和脾脏指数,并观察肿瘤组织的病理改变。结果荷瘤对照组的肿瘤生长迅速,散结抗瘤方组和CTX组肿瘤生长受到抑制(P均<0.05),而且二者合用时抑瘤效果更显著(P<0.01);与CTX组比较,散结抗瘤方组和联合组胸腺指数、脾脏指数均有提高。结论散结抗瘤方不仅可以抑制肿瘤生长,还对胸腺、脾脏有保护作用,具有良好的免疫调节作用。     

抑癌基因PTEN在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中PTEN基因表达与胃癌临床病理的关系及其对预后的判断价值。方法应用免疫组化SP技术和图像分析技术,研究PTEN在胃癌和正常胃黏膜组织中的表达情况及阳性表达面积、强阳性表达面积,分析与病理参数的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同表达水平对术后生存率的影响。结果发现胃癌组织PTEN表达阳性率、阳性面积、强阳性面积均明显低于正常胃黏膜组织（P〈0.01）。胃癌组织PTEN表达与胃癌组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴转移、肿瘤分期明显相关,术后3、5 a生存率低表达者明显低于高表达者（P均〈0.05）。结论PTEN基因表达低下或丢失与胃癌发生、浸润、转移有关,可作为预测术后生存率的指标。     

Peritoneal dialysis patient survival: a comparison between a Swedish and a Korean centre.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated.     

高氧液对心肺脑复苏的作用

目的探讨高氧液静脉给药对肺心病患者心肺脑复苏成功率及预后的作用;方法采用高氧液静脉给药对26例心跳呼吸停止进行心肺脑复苏治疗的患者(观察组),与既往无高氧液静脉给药的35例心跳呼吸停止进行心肺脑复苏治疗的患者(对照组)进行复苏成功率及预后比较;结果观察组Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级复苏成功后生存11例,正常生活自理5例;对照组Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级复苏成功后生存4例,正常生活自理2例。两组Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级复苏成功率比较,观察组成功率较对照组高(P<0.01)。结论高氧液能提高心跳呼吸停止患者的心肺脑复苏成功率,可提高Ⅲ、Ⅳ级复苏的生存率。     

不同采血针对新生儿足跟采血成功率的影响

目的：探讨不同采血针在新生儿疾病筛查采血中的采血效果。方法：采用三种采血针分别对2126例（A组）、1786例（B组）、1471例（C组）新生儿进行足跟采血，比较其采血成功率。结果：A、B、C三组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：采用7号一次性注射针头采血（C组）可明显提高采血成功率。     

中、老年代谢综合征患者的临床特点分析

目的 比较中、老年代谢综合征(MS)患者的临床特点.方法 收集1996～2006年在解放军总医院门诊查体且符合中国人MS诊断标准(CDS)的947例中、老年患者的临床资料.其中老年人679例,中年人268例.分析中、老年患者MS各组分的差异,以及各组分的相关因素等.结果 947例患者中,男性582例(老年423例,中年159例),女性365例(老年256例,中年109例).老年男性患者的年龄大于老年女性(81.5±6.5 vs 74.5±8.8岁,P＜0.01),老年男性的体重指数(BMI)高于中年男性(27.14±2.51 vs 25.98±2.38,P＜0.01).老年患者的空腹、餐后血糖和收缩压均高于同性别的中年患者,而舒张压无显著差异.中年男性的甘油三酯高于老年男性.中年女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于男性.多元回归分析显示,男女患者空腹血糖均与餐后2h血糖有相关性(男性R2＝0.463,P＜0.05;女性R2＝0.613,P＜0.05).餐后2h血糖与年龄存在相关性(男性,R2＝0.522,P＜0.01;女性R2＝0.716,P＜0.05).收缩压与多种指标均有相关性,男性患者收缩压与年龄(R2＝0.396,P＜0.01)和舒张压(R2＝0.535,P＜0.05)均有相关性;女性患者的收缩压与BMI(R2＝0.557,P＜0.05)、舒张压(R2＝0.434,P＜0.05)、餐后2h血糖(R2＝0.434,P＜0.01)及空腹血糖(R2＝0.473,P＜0.05)均有相关性.Logistic回归分析示年龄(OR=2.1,95%CI:1.3～2.7)、空腹血糖(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.2～3.1)和收缩压(OR=1.4,95%CI:1.2～2.9)是预测代谢综合征组分含量的影响因素.结论 中老年代谢综合征患者的代谢指标有差异,年龄、空腹血糖和收缩压可作为代谢综合征的筛选指标.     

Atrial premature complexes and heart rate have prognostic significance in 1-month atrial fibrillation recurrence after electrical cardioversion.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of simple 24-h Holter (24H) data after electrical cardioversion (CV) for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. METHODS: We prospectively studied 47 consecutive patients subjected to CV, who successfully converted to sinus rhythm. All underwent echocardiography and 24H after CV. AF recurrence was studied at 14 days and 1 month by second 24H or by interim report of AF. RESULTS: About 53.2% remained in sinus rhythm (group I) and the rest recurred to AF (group II). Group I had fewer atrial premature complexes per hour (APC/h) (P = 0.002) and lower maximum (max HR), average, and minimum heart rates compared with group II (all Ps < 0.05). The optimal value of APC/h and max HR with best sensitivity and specificity was 32 APC/h and 90 bpm, respectively. These findings were the predictors of AF recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.5 with 95% CI = 1.7-11.7 and HR = 4.3 with 95% CI = 1.7-10.9, respectively]. Patients with the combination of both predictors had greater HR of AF recurrence compared with those with < 32 APC/h and max HR < 90 bpm (HR = 8.8 with 95% CI = 2.5-31.4). CONCLUSION: Patients with frequent APC/h and high max HR are at high risk for 1-month AF recurrence after electrical CV.