婴儿母乳喂养与学龄前肥胖症关系的病例对照研究

①目的　探讨婴儿期母乳喂养行为与学龄前期单纯性肥胖症发生之间的关系。②方法　对 180 0名4～ 5岁儿童的婴儿期母乳喂养情况及其体质指数 (BMI)、发育情况等进行调查 ,分析母乳喂养类型和持续时间与学龄前肥胖症发生之间的关系。③结果　单因素分析发现 ,4个月内只喂母乳、主要喂母乳、母乳与配方奶量基本相同、主要喂配方奶、只喂配方奶者 4～ 5岁时肥胖发生率分别为 12 .6 3% ,13.0 4 % ,16 .98% ,18.18% ,30 .0 0 % ;儿童母乳喂养持续时间 0 ,<1,1～ 3,4～ 6 ,7～ 9,>9个月者 4～ 5岁时肥胖发生率分别为 2 9.4 1% ,30 .0 0 % ,33.33% ,17.2 4 % ,13.92 % ,12 .2 2 % .母乳喂养类型和持续时间不同的儿童学龄前期单纯性肥胖症发生率不同 ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =10 .4 0 7,P <0 .0 5 ;χ2 =2 0 .90 3,P <0 .0 0 1)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现 ,4个月内喂配方奶量越多 ,肥胖发生率越高 (OR =1.12 0 ) ;母乳喂养持续时间越长 ,肥胖发生率越低 (OR =0 .782 )。④结论　婴儿母乳喂养对学龄前期肥胖症的发生有预防作用 ;婴儿期应提倡母乳喂养 ,并尽可能延长母乳喂养时间至 9个月以上。     

38例视网膜母细胞瘤的临床和误诊分析

目的 探讨视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma，RB）的临床特征、病理分类和误诊原因，尽可能减少错误的临床诊治。方法 对我科于1999-2004年间收集的38例临床诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma，RB）的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果在38例疑似病例中，34例病理诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤，4例为Coats病。结论掌握相关的影像学知识和综合分析疑难病例的临床资料将有助于视网膜母细胞瘤的正确诊断和处理。     

Design and conduct of occupational epidemiology studies: III. Design aspects of case-control studies

Currently available approaches for the design of occupational case-control studies are reviewed. An accompanying paper reviews methods of analysis. We commence by drawing a distinction between cohort-based and registry-based studies. Methods for selecting cases and controls are then reviewed, including cumulative incidence and incidence density sampling, matching, sources of controls, and issues in control selection. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the case-control approach are summarized.     

Mortality rates in the Federal Republic of Germany following previous occupational exposure to asbestos dust

Summary In 1972, a procedure was introduced by the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes (Berufsgenossenschaften) of the Federal Republic of Germany, which is to be used by the special occupational health service for employees exposed to asbestos dust. Since 1 January 1972, occupational health examinations are performed when exposure to asbestos dust has been of at least 3 years' duration.On 1 January 1977, a prospective cohort study was started with employees formerly exposed to asbestos dust whilst working for companies manufacturing or using asbestos. Data on these persons are collected in the Central Register of Employees Exposed to Asbestos Dust of the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes. A total of 3,070 male and female employees in whom asbestos exposure terminated after 1 January 1972 formed subcohort I of the study. For comparison, 665 persons whose exposure terminated before 1 January 1972 served as subcohort II. In addition to several other inclusion criteria, each individual's permission was required before personal data could be evaluated.Of the subjects in the two subcohorts, 185 and 71, respectively, had died by 31 December 1982. Tumours were more frequently than this cause of death is expected in the general population. In addition to a high incidence of mesothelioma, the standard mortality rate was especially increased for lung cancer.The proportional mortality rates of about 40% for tumours of all sites (with about 17% lung cancer and 8% mesothelioma) especially in subcohort II, seemed to be comparable to the international figures for epidemiological mortality.Supported by the Central Office of the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes, Bonn, Contract no.638.31:376.3-4104.Presented as a Short Communication at the XXI International Congress on Occupational Health, Dublin, September 9–14, 1984.     

CT导向下经皮射频消融术治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤

目的对29例肾上腺肿瘤患者行射频消融（RFA）治疗，研究其近期局部治疗效果、不良反应和副作用。方法肾上腺肿瘤患者共29例，病灶总数31个，其中直径≤2．0cm的病灶共5个，2．1-4．0cm者18个，4．1-6．0cm者5个，≥6．1cm者3个，经RFA治疗1个月后行螺旋CT双期增强扫描评价肿瘤治疗效果。结果上述病灶经消融治疗后达到完全坏死者分别为5个、18个、3个、2个。患者无严重并发症出现。结论RFA治疗安全可靠，副作用小，是治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一。     

家兔颈后肌受长期应力作用的实验研究

目的 建立颈后肌受长期应力作用动物模型并进行相关研究.方法 30只家兔随机分为模型组和对照组,每组15只.模型组家兔置于特制低头位框架中,低头角度为45度,每天1次,每次5小时;对照组除不低头外余条件相同.12周后分别进行颈椎X线、颈后部红外热像图、血清肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶含量以及颈后肌超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量观察.结果 模型组颈椎X线改变积分值实验后明显高于实验前和对照组,差异具有显著性;模型组与对照组颈后部红外热像图有明显差异;模型组血清肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶的含量均明显高于对照组;模型组丙二醛含量明显高于对照组而超氧化物歧化酶含量明显低于对照组.结论 家兔颈后肌受长期应力作用后出现颈部的生物力学和生物化学失衡.     

MR频谱检测乳酸的脉冲序列优化研究

目的通过改变一系列脉冲序列参数，以利于乳酸的最佳检测与定量分析。方法制作含乳酸玻璃模型。改变一系列的MR脉冲序列参数，应用点解析频谱序列(point resolved spectroscopy，PRESS)和激励回波序列(stimulated echo acquisition，STEAM)获得乳酸模型的相应频谱。另外，对12例脑病变患者和2例健康志愿者进行磁共振频谱检查，测量出每个波峰的峰高，并绘出序列变化曲线图。结果STEAM各波峰的峰向与PRESS序列一致，但STEAM各峰高均低于同等条件的PRESS峰。随着TE时间的延长，用乳酸模型测出的乳酸峰的峰高一序列曲线图呈波浪状变化，正向双峰在TE=26、270ms时共振波幅达到最大绝对值，负向双峰在TE=135～160ms之间达到最大绝对值。脑病变患者和健康志愿者的扫描结果表明，乳酸峰在优化的序列高于非优化的序列。结论优化的脉冲序列更有利于乳酸的检测与定量分析。     

自杀行为及其干预的研究进展

自杀已经成为一个世界范围内的重大公共卫生问题。中国的自杀特征具有独特性。自杀行为的发生往往是内在因素与外部因素相互作用的结果，它与社会学、心理学、伦理学、生物学、精神病学等各方面密切相关。自杀原因虽然错综复杂，但我们要提高意识，认识到自杀是一种可以预防的公共卫生问题。