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91.
Chunmao Zhang Zhendong Guo Zongzheng Zhao Tiecheng Wang Liang Li Faming Miao Cheng Zhang Yuanguo Li Yuwei Gao 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(7):1979
We analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. Most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. By postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. 相似文献
92.
目的 对东营区≥45岁常住居民进行结直肠癌筛查,并探讨初筛阳性者肠镜顺应性及其影响因素,为提高居民结直肠癌筛查工作提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法选择辖区内2个镇和3个街道的社区卫生服务中心作为结直肠癌筛查志愿者招募点招募≥45岁常住居民为研究对象开展结直肠癌筛查及问卷调查,对初筛阳性者进一步进行肠镜检查,采用描述性分析方法对居民结直肠筛查结果及肠镜顺应性进行分析,并对其影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入1 201人进行分析,男662人,女539人,45~59岁372人,60~69岁495人,70~79岁334人。初筛阳性人数总计371例,其中危险因素初筛阳性154例,FOBT阳性298例,危险因素和FOBT阳性双阳性者81例,初筛阳性率为30.89%。男性(OR=3.177)、黏液血便史(OR=7.683)以及肠道息肉病史(OR=5.008)为结直肠癌初筛阳性的危险因素。371例初筛阳性者中121例完成结肠镜检查,结肠镜检查顺应率为32.61%。性别(OR=2.776)、年龄(OR=0.511、0.433)、婚姻状况(OR=4.267)、文化程度(OR=2.782、3.916)、医疗保险(OR=2.743)是结直肠癌初筛阳性者结肠镜检查顺应性的影响因素。结论 东营市东营区结直肠癌初筛阳性率较高,应加强对存在黏液血便史以及肠道息肉病史男性个体人群的结直肠癌筛查。居民结直肠镜检查顺应性较低,尤其是60岁及以上、非在婚、文化程度较低、无医保的女性个体,可特异性强化对该群体个体的健康教育,提高其结直肠镜顺应性。 相似文献
93.
《Disability and health journal》2022,15(2):101224
BackgroundBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, people with mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive disabilities were at a higher risk of lower psychosocial well-being than people without disabilities. It is, therefore, of great importance to investigate whether the pandemic has exacerbated this difference.ObjectiveThis study examines whether people with disabilities (categorized as mobility, vision, hearing, cognitive, and any disabilities) report more COVID-19-related negative effects on psychosocial well-being (loneliness, decreased social contact, decreased hope for the future, concerns about being infected) than people without disabilities.MethodsWe analyzed population-based data from the Finnish Health, Welfare, and Services (FinSote) survey carried out in 2020–2021 (N = 22 165, age 20+). Logistic regression models were applied, controlling for the effects of age, sex, partnership, living alone, and education.ResultsAll disability groups, except those with vision disabilities, reported significantly more often that the pandemic increased loneliness than people without disabilities. There were no significant differences between the disability groups and people without disabilities in decreased social contacts. People with only mobility and cognitive disabilities reported significantly more often that the pandemic decreased their hope for the future than those without disabilities. All disability groups were more often concerned about being infected than people without disabilities, but this effect was not significant among people 75 or older.ConclusionThe psychosocial well-being of people with specific types of disabilities should receive special attention during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献
94.
95.
目的:研究人参Rb组皂苷对犬实验性心肌缺血的保护作用。方法:通过结工冠状动脉前降支(LDA)产生急性心肌梗死模型,从心肌梗死面积(MIS)及血清酶学变化观察人参Rb组皂苷的抗心肌缺血作用,并从心肌代谢及自由基损伤等角度分析其可能的作用机制。结果人参Rb组皂苷25,50mg/kg经十二指肠给药,对LAD急悸阻断6h犬,能明显缩小MIS,降低血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,亦能明显降低血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)及过氧化脂质(LPO)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结论:人参Rb组皂苷对急性缺血心肌产生明显保护作用,作用机制可能与其纠正心肌缺血时FFA代谢紊乱及对抗氧自由基引发的脂质过氧化反应,增强体内抗氧化酶活性等有关。 相似文献
96.
97.
《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》2021,47(6):1295-1299
IntroductionCurrently information regarding burn size from referring departments to burn centres varies in accuracy. Inaccurate assessment of burn size can lead to over or under treatment. Photographs of injuries may improve accuracy of assessment. We aimed to assess the accuracy of measuring burn size on a static image by including a standard object in the image.MethodsSimulated burn areas were drawn on different body parts of the model. Using an iPhone® model 5 s with an 8 megapixel camera we took photos of the marked area, and repeated them with the palm, a standard bank card and a penny in the picture. First the Du Bois formula, was used to calculate body surface area. Members of the Burns team were asked to view the photos (n = 30) and estimate the percentage of the simulated burn.ResultsWe found an overall overestimation of burn size. Small areas of the forearm were better estimated and within 1.1% of the calculated surface area, however we found no improvement when using a standard object in these images. The back areas were most overestimated ranging from 0.9%–8.9% despite all being the same sized area.ConclusionsStatic images tend to overestimate burn size despite the use of a standard object in the image. 相似文献
98.
BackgroundRadiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is not always necessary in older women staged T1N0M0 with low-risk invasive breast cancer, but few studies have concluded the detailed tumor size as a reference for avoiding radiotherapy. The study was conducted to explore and identify the optimal cutoff tumor size.MethodsThe study population was from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in 2010–2016. Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounders between groups. Predictors associated with survival were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier, X-tile, Cox proportional hazards model and competing risk model.ResultsA total of 52049 women and 3846 deaths were included in the cohort with a median follow-up of 34 months. Based on the cutoff value determined by X-tile analysis, the study population were divided into small tumor group (≤14 mm in diameter) and large tumor group (>14 mm in diameter). Small tumors and radiotherapy were correlated with better breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). In subgroup analysis, the absolute benefit of BCSS in 6 years attributed to radiotherapy was only 0.90% (RT vs. non- RT:98.77% vs. 97.87%) for patients with small tumors but up to 3.33% (RT vs. non- RT:97.10% vs. 93.77%) for those with large tumors.ConclusionSmall tumors and adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with improved long-term prognosis, and 14 mm in diameter was the cutoff tumor size of omitting radiotherapy for patients aged 65 or older with T1N0M0 stage, ER+ and HER2-breast carcinoma after BCS. 相似文献
99.
网络规模迭加法是一种在社会网络理论基础上建立的间接估计人群规模的方法,由于不需要接触目标人群,在估计隐藏人群规模时得到了广泛应用。该方法也在不断发展进步中,本文从传统的网络规模迭加法及其进展及与新的调查技术结合三个方面进行综述,旨在为该方法的进一步应用提供参考。 相似文献
100.
Pil Whan Yoon Jong Yeal Kang Chul-Ho Kim Soong Joon Lee Jeong Joon Yoo Hee Joong Kim Sung Keun Kang Ju Hyeon Min Kang Sup Yoon 《Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery》2021,13(1):37
BackgroudOutcomes of traditional treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) are not always satisfactory. Hence, cell-supplementation therapy has been attempted to facilitate necrotic-tissue regeneration. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) transplantation is potentially advantageous over bone marrow-derived MSC implantation, but its outcomes for ONFH remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine 2-year radiological and clinical outcomes of culture-expanded autologous ADMSC implantation for ONFH.MethodsEighteen hips with necrotic lesions involving ≥ 30% of the femoral head were included. ADMSCs were harvested by liposuction and culture expanded for 3 passages over 3 weeks. With a 6-mm single drilling, ADMSCs were implanted into the necrotic zone. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) at screening and 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the change in the size of necrotic area on MRI. Secondary outcomes were changes in clinical scores and radioisotope uptake on SPECT/CT. Conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) was defined as the endpoint.ResultsPreoperatively, the necrotic lesion extent was 63.0% (38.4%–96.7%) of the femoral head. The mean Harris hip score was 89.2, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score was 5.6, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) was 79.4. Three patients underwent THA and 1 patient died in an accident. Finally, 11 patients (14 hips) were available for ≥ 2-year follow-up. At the last follow-up, no surgery-related complications occurred, and 14 of 17 hips (82%) were able to perform daily activities without THA requirement. There was no significant decrease in lesion size between any 2 intervals on MRI. However, widening of high signal intensity bands on T2-weighted images inside the necrotic lesion was observed in 9 of 14 hips (64%); 11 of 14 hips (79%) showed increased vascularity on SPECT/CT at 2 years postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and 24-month mean Harris hip score (89.2 vs. 88.6), WOMAC (79.4 vs. 75.7), and UCLA score (5.6 vs. 6.2).ConclusionsOur outcomes suggest that culture-expanded ADMSC implantation is a viable option for ONFH treatment without adverse events. 相似文献