浅谈医疗设备预防性保养的重要性

对于医疗设备来说,其临床医疗中有十分重要的作用,而且医疗设备的实际运行效率也与医院的经济效益有直接的关系,但是在大部分医院中仍然采用传统的医疗设备养护方式,导致医疗设备的维护缺乏科学性,从而增加了医疗设备故障的发生率,并且也影响了实际应用的效果,严重的情况下甚至会发生医疗事故。基于此,该文主要对医疗设备预防性保养的重要性与方法进行分析,希望能够使医疗设备的性能得到最优化的体现,使其能够更好地为医疗服务的开展提供支持。     

医疗器械口咽通气道产品注册的常见问题及改进建议

近年来,医疗器械口咽通气道产品的注册数量日益增加,针对该产品的相关咨询也逐渐增多。但该产品暂无相关的注册技术审查指导原则,以致该产品的注册申报资料经常出现一些共性问题。现根据医疗器械口咽通气道产品相关法规和标准,对日常工作中遇到的常见问题进行归纳,分析该产品注册申报中的技术审评要求及共性问题,并给出对策或建议。     

Nurturing the Citizens of the Future: Milk Stations and Child Nutrition in Puerto Rico, 1929–60

Between the 1930s and 1960s Puerto Rico was transformed from a marginal United States territory into an industrialised ‘showcase of development’. This article investigates the organisation of milk station programmes on the island during this crucial period and how these reflected the circulation of child welfare knowledge, nutrition expertise and public health practices. During the Depression, these perspectives fostered a recast of the eugenic regeneration ideologies motivating medical assessments of and sanitary interventions with Puerto Rico’s rural poor since the nineteenth century. Innovations in nutrition knowledge and an emerging rural hygiene movement highlighted the negative health effects of the island’s monocrops economy. In this context, the nourishment of children’s bodies assumed symbolic and instrumental significance for the reconfiguration of colonial and developmental models promoted by the new Popular Democratic Party (PPD). The experience of public health professionals in relief work during the 1930s contributed to the articulation of food and nutrition as key elements of this party’s populist discourse. Programmes like milk stations became part of strategies to rear and manage the labour force needed in the industrial development model promoted by the PPD. From the perspective of poor Puerto Ricans, however, they were part of the materialisation of its promise of social justice for the poorer classes.     

从武汉抗疫看中医药文化认同与新的医学模式

从武汉抗疫中医药的投入使用情况,反思现代临床和国人所呈现出的中医药文化认同和就医习惯,探索其历史文化根源及社会因素与医学发展的内在关联。回顾历史,中医屡次临危受命,不负重托,如今大疫当前,中医药再次发挥了重要作用。故新时代探讨如何遵循中医药发展规律,传承精华、守正创新,坚持中医药原创优势,形成中医药学科优势整体化呈现的新模式医学,对提升全社会的中医药认知度具有重要意义。     

Rethinking PICO in the Machine Learning Era: ML-PICO

Background  Machine learning (ML) has captured the attention of many clinicians who may not have formal training in this area but are otherwise increasingly exposed to ML literature that may be relevant to their clinical specialties. ML papers that follow an outcomes-based research format can be assessed using clinical research appraisal frameworks such as PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). However, the PICO frameworks strain when applied to ML papers that create new ML models, which are akin to diagnostic tests. There is a need for a new framework to help assess such papers. Objective  We propose a new framework to help clinicians systematically read and evaluate medical ML papers whose aim is to create a new ML model: ML-PICO (Machine Learning, Population, Identification, Crosscheck, Outcomes). We describe how the ML-PICO framework can be applied toward appraising literature describing ML models for health care. Conclusion  The relevance of ML to practitioners of clinical medicine is steadily increasing with a growing body of literature. Therefore, it is increasingly important for clinicians to be familiar with how to assess and best utilize these tools. In this paper we have described a practical framework on how to read ML papers that create a new ML model (or diagnostic test): ML-PICO. We hope that this can be used by clinicians to better evaluate the quality and utility of ML papers.     

The discrepancy between verbal and visuoperceptual IQ in children with a specific learning disorder: An analysis of 1624 cases

Children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) are often characterized by marked intellectual strengths and weaknesses. In the last few years, research has focused on a common discrepancy between low working memory and processing speed on the one hand, and high verbal and visuoperceptual intelligence on the other. SLD profiles featuring a specific discrepancy between verbal and visuoperceptual abilities have been only marginally considered, however, and their systematic comparison vis-à-vis typically-developing (TD) populations has yet to be conducted. The present study examined a dataset of 1624 WISC-IV profiles of children with a diagnosis of SLD. It emerged that the proportion of children with a Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) at least 1.5 SD (22 standardized points) lower than their scores on the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) was larger than the proportion of SLD children with the opposite discrepant profile; it was also larger than the same proportion found among TD children. Comparing the two discrepant profiles revealed that the children also differed by type of learning difficulty, gender, and performance in the WISC-IV Symbol search task. Further examination suggested that children who were discrepant and also distinctly poor in visuoperceptual intelligence were particularly slow in general processing.     

高乳酸血症-卒中样发作综合征型线粒体脑肌病一家系两代四例报告

线粒体脑肌病属于罕见性母系遗传病，本文回顾性分析了1家4例高乳酸血症-卒中样发作综合征（MELAS）型线粒体脑肌病患者，其主要表现为卒中样发作、头痛、癫痫、高乳酸血症、肌肉不耐受疲劳、高级智能下降、听力下降和身材矮小等，结合特征性影像学变化、基因检测及肌肉活检明确诊断，并结合文献对只有女儿能将其线粒体DNA（mt-DNA）传递给下一代的母系遗传MELAS型线粒体脑肌病临床特点进行了总结分析，旨在帮助临床认识此病，进一步提高MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的临床诊断率。