Polymorphism of renin-angiotensin system genes in progressive IgA nephropathy

Summary: Clinical studies revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor reduces proteinuria and attenuates progressive decline in renal function in IgA nephropathy. Recent studies by us and others have demonstrated that the homozygote of the D allele (DD) of the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is a potential risk factor for poor prognosis in IgA nephropathy, and that this deletion polymorphism predicts the therapeutic efficacy of ACE inhibition on proteinuria and, potentially, on progressive deterioration of renal function in patients with the nephropathy.     

造血系统恶性肿瘤患者血清sIL—2R检测的临床意义

使用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗夹心法对临床４３例造血系统恶性肿瘤患者及２０例健康体检人员的血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ进行检测，并对ＡＬＬ和ＡＮＬＬ复发与未复发患者的血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行了比较分析。实验结果表明，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的升高是造血系统恶性肿瘤的重要标志之一；测定血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平对造血系统恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断、疗效观察及预后估计具有重要意义。     

肝癌患者血清和腹水可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体-p55的测定

目的 进一步了解肝癌患者的异常免疫状态,探讨血清、腹水中可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体-p55（sTNFR-p55）检测的临床意义。方法　以双单抗夹心酶免疫吸附法检测了25例肝癌患者和25例肝硬化患者的血清、腹水中血清sTNFR-p55水平并以正常人为对照。结果肝癌病人血清sTNFR-p55浓度[（0.74±0.50）ng/ml]显著高于正常人[（0.37±0.03）ng/ml]和肝硬化患者和[（0.35±0.02）ng/ml],P<0.01。肝癌病人腹水sTNFR-p55浓度[（1.11±1.25）ng/ml]亦显著高于肝硬化患者[（0.33±0.03）ng/ml],P<0.01。肝癌、肝硬化患者血清与腹水的sTNFR-p55水平显著相关。肝癌患者血清sTNFR-p55水平与外周血TBil和AFP呈正相关（r=0.524,P=0.01和r=0.234,P=0.03）。结论　sTNFR-p55的检测对反映肝癌患者的异常免疫状态和肿瘤诊断具有实用价值。     

Measurement of γ-enolase release, a new method for selective quantification of neurotoxicity independently from glial lysis

We have developed a sensitive enzymatic-immunoassay to quantify the level of gamma-enolase (a specific neuronal enzyme) which is released from cultured cells after exposure to various toxins. We show that this method can estimate selectively neuronal cell death without significantly interfering with glial cell death. Indeed, no gamma-enolase is released when glial cells are killed with free-radical producing agents. Experiments comparing the levels of neuronal cell death induced by NMDA or free-radical producing drugs, performed either by measuring gamma-enolase release or using the classical fluorescein diacetate method, yielded similar results. In addition to selectively follow neuronal death in a mixed population of neurons and glial cells, this method provides a way of determining the cell death kinetics from a single culture dish, since enolase can be measured on small samples taken from the culture medium. Finally, we propose these two methods as being complementary and useful neuronal and other cellular death indexes and also to understand the complex problem of glial influence on neuronal survival or death.     

How adverse drug reactions can play a role in innovative drug research

We describe how adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can play an important role in pharmaceutical research and drug development. Not only do ADRs represent the risks and drawbacks associated with drugs but they can also be related to other knowledge available in pharmaceutical and medical research. We offer a model that can be used to systematically map the pathways through which ADRs can lead to innovative research. These pathways include chemical, therapeutic or pathophysiological steps that can be taken to arrive at new knowledge based on ADRs. We used the development of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, especially captopril, as a case study. The similarity between the ADR profiles of captopril and penicillamine was a starting point for further innovation. Historical analysis shows that in several instances research in the field of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors has been triggered by ADRs. The model presented here might be applicable to other areas of innovative drug research.     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症

作者综述了１０年来对Ｄｕｃｈｅｎｎｅ型肌营养不良症（ＤＭＤ）的研究概况。主要包括①ＤＭＤ的临床研究。②血清生化研究表明ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、Ｍｂ是诊断ＤＭＤ病人和携带者的敏感指标。③心脏无创性检测和肌肉超微结构研究。④部分抗肌萎缩蛋白基因ＹＡＣ物理图谱，精细限制酶图谱和缺失热区的核苷酸顺序分析，首次发现内含子中ＡＴ富集区的同源顺序与ＤＭＤ断裂有关。⑤抗肌萎缩蛋白的缺失热区疏水肽段存在与否与ＤＭＤ发病密切相关。     

悦您定对原发性高血压患者长期与即刻疗效的观察

观察了悦您定治疗６０例原发性高血压患者的长期疗效，２０例原发性高血压患者的即刻疗效，及用药过程中的个体反应。长期疗效与即刻疗效分析均有明显统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。两组患者，经临床与相应实验室检查均未发现肝、肾、血液系统伤害性副作用。     

化学发光免疫法检测粒细胞抗体IgG的研究

作者以ＡＢＥＩ－ＣｏＣｌ＿２－Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２作为化学发光指示系统，用固相竞争法检测５８例白细胞减少症患者、４１例无白细胞减少症患者及３２例正常人等的粒细胞抗体ＩｇＧ。判断标准采用正常人血清化学发光强度指数法。实验结果表明，白细胞减少症患者血清中粒细胞抗体阳性率明显高于无白细胞减少症患者（Ｐ＜０．００５）。本法敏感性为４３．１％，特异性为９０．２％，准确性为６２．６％，是一种灵敏而准确的方法，能将粒细胞包被试管在室温下较长时间保存，以供临床监测粒细胞抗体，大大缩短检测时间。