Role of medical thoracoscopy in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion

Background

Fibrous tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) represents common disease in tuberculous clinic. Medical thoracoscopy has been used to treat pleural empyema and shown promising outcomes, but data of its use in multiloculated and organized TPE remains limited to know.

Methods

The study was performed on 430 cases with TPE. The cases were divided into free-flowing, multiloculated effusion and organized effusion group. Each group was subdivided into two or three types of therapeutic approaches: ultrasound guided pigtail catheter, large-bore tube chest drainage and medical thoracoscopy. Patients with multiloculated or organized effusions received streptokinase, introduced into the pleural cavity via chest tubes. The successful effectiveness of the study was defined as duration of chest drainage, time from treatment to discharge days and no further managements.

Results

Patients with organized effusion were older than those with free-flowing effusion and incidence of organized effusion combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was higher than those of multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion respectively. Positive tuberculosis of pleural fluid culture was higher in organized effusion than that in free-flowing effusion. Sputum positive for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) in organized effusion was higher than that in multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion. Medical thoracoscopy showed significant efficacy in the group of multiloculated effusion and organized effusion but free-flowing effusion. No chronic morbidity and mortality related to complications was observed.

Conclusions

Medical thoracoscopy was a safe and successful method in treating multiloculated and organized TPE.     

结核性胸膜炎胸膜组织病理学检查及胸水检测的诊断价值

目的 探索超声引导下胸膜活检、胸水结核分枝杆菌-PCR(TB-PCR)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值.方法 选取80例结核性胸腔积液患者为观察组,均行超声引导下胸膜活检;另选取非结核性胸腔积液患者60例作为对照组,检测并比较两组患者胸水中的TB-PCR及胸水腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)活性.结果 观察组患者经胸膜活栓阳性率为81.3％,胸水TB-PCR检测阳性率为66.3％,胸水ADA检测阳性率为88.8％,两者均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).三者综合诊断结核性胸膜炎阳性率(97.5％)显著高于单独应用(P＜0.05).结论 超声引导下胸膜活检、胸水TB-PCR、ADA的检测均是结核性胸膜炎检测的有效手段,三者综合应用诊断阳性率明显提高.     

Diagnóstico de la infección tuberculosa en pacientes inmunodeprimidos y/o candidatos a terapias biológicas mediante el uso combinado de dos pruebas IGRA: T-SPOT.TB/QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube vs. T-SPOT.TB/QuantiFERON TB Gold Plus

IntroductionThe diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTI) by IGRA continues to generate debate. Experience in the simultaneous use of 2 IGRA tests is scant. The aim of this study was to compare the results of 2 versions of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (In-Tube/Plus) with those of T-SPOT.TB, and to analyse the effectiveness of a dual strategy (T-SPOT.TB + QTF) for the diagnosis of LTI in an immunosuppressed population.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study (May 2015-June 2017) that included 2,999 immunosuppressed patients and/or candidates for biologics, in whom 2 simultaneous IGRA tests were performed: Group 1 (1535 patients): T-SPOT.TB + QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In-Tube (QTF-GIT); Group 2 (1464 patients): T-SPOT.TB + QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QTF-Plus).ResultsThe concordance between QTF-GIT and T-SPOT.TB was 83.19% (κ=0.532). The percentage of positive, negative, and indeterminate results were, respectively: 14.33% vs. 17.06%; 82.41% vs. 74.46%; and 3.25% vs. 8.46%. The concordance between QTF-Plus and T-SPOT.TB was 87.56% (κ=0.609). The percentage of positive, negative, and indeterminate results were, respectively: 15.02% vs. 15.36%; 82.92% vs. 79.37%; and 2.04% vs. 5.25%. Discrepancies between T-SPOT.TB and QTF-Plus were 12.43%, suggesting that 103 patients were positive and another 79 were negative due exclusively to 1 of the 2 IGRAs.ConclusionsGreater concordance was found between QTF-Plus and T-SPOT.TB than between QTF-GIT and T-SPOT.TB. However, we believe that the proportion of discrepancies between T-SPOT.TB and QTF-Plus is sufficiently important from a clinical point of view to justify the simultaneous use of 2 IGRA in this specific patient group.     

结核感染T细胞斑点试验对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的：评价结核感染T细胞斑点试验（T-SPOT.TB）对诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值。方法前瞻性纳入疑诊结核性胸膜炎患者100例,进行外周血T-SPOT.TB、血清结核抗体、胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）检测,并比较外周血T-SPOT.TB、胸腔积液ADA、血清结核抗体检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的灵敏度。外周血T-SPOT.TB、胸腔积液ADA、血清结核抗体检测诊断结核性胸膜炎的灵敏度分别为92.6%、95.5%、36.4%;特异度分别为92.3%、75%、76.8%;阳性预测值分别为96.2%、91.7%、57.1%,阴性预测值分别为85.7%、85.7%、35.5%。T-SPOT.TB特异度与后两种方法比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。灵敏度及阳性预测值、阴性预测值与胸水ADA比较,差异均无统计学意义;与血清结核抗体比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 T-SPOT.TB对诊断结核性胸膜炎有较高的灵敏度及特异度,对临床应用有重要的参考价值。     

内科胸腔镜对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值?

目的：研究内科胸腔镜对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性。方法收集52例疑似结核性胸腔积液患者,评估内科胸腔镜的确诊率、并发症情况。结果52例患者中结核性胸腔积液33例,内科胸腔镜确诊29例,诊断率88%。本组结核性胸腔积液胸腔镜下主要表现：粟粒样结节23例(70%),纤维条索状粘连带12例(36%),广泛包裹伴纤维素沉积7例(21%),白色瘢痕5例(15%)。并发症均可缓解或治愈,最严重者为气体栓塞1例。结论内科胸腔镜对结核性胸腔积液的诊断均具有较高的诊断价值及安全性。     

强的松治疗结核性胸膜炎的效果分析

目的探究结核性胸膜炎患者应用强的松治疗的临床效果。方法随机抽取2010年~2013年收治的80例结核性胸膜炎患者,设为观察组,在常规治疗基础上联合强的松方案进行治疗。另随机选取同期收治单纯接受常规治疗方案结核性胸膜炎患者80例,设为对照组。对比2组患者临床治疗效果及症状消退所需时间。结果观察组患者临床治疗总有效率为95.0%,明显优于对照组患者总有效率(77.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者高温消退时间及胸水消失时间等相对于对照组有显著优越性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于结核性胸膜炎患者,在常规治疗基础上联合强的松能够显著提高临床治疗效果,缩短症状消失所需时间。     

应用于结核性胸膜炎分子生物学检测的胸腔积液核酸提取方法初步比较分析北大核心CSCD

目的筛选鉴定有助于结核性胸膜炎分子生物学检测的胸腔积液核酸提取方法。方法收集18例结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔积液样本,分别采用6种方法提取核酸,应用微滴数字PCR技术分析样本中结核分枝杆菌特异性核酸IS6110和IS1081数量,以此评估不同胸腔积液核酸提取方法的优劣。结果对于胸腔积液原液或胸腔积液离心上清,采用柱法和磁珠法提取的核酸样本中靶标数量无明显差别。对于胸腔积液离心沉渣,采用物理破碎法提取的核酸样本中IS6110和IS1081数量显著高于化学破碎法(IS6110,Z=-3.408,P=0.001;IS1081,Z=-3.297,P=0.001)。相比于小体积(0.7 mL)胸腔积液原液直接提取,大体积(4 mL)胸腔积液离心的上清和沉渣(物理破碎)中提取的核酸样本含有更多的靶标数量(分别IS6110,Z=-3.237,P=0.001,IS1081,Z=-2.667,P=0.008;IS6110,Z=-3.157,P=0.002,IS1081,Z=-2.250,P=0.024)。结论大体积胸腔积液离心上清游离核酸提取法和离心沉渣物理破碎核酸提取法能够富集更多的结核分枝杆菌核酸,是较好的用于结核性胸膜炎分子生物学检测的核酸制备方法。     

脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗结核性脑膜炎82例临床研究

目的探讨脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗结核性脑膜炎的临床价值。方法82例结核性脑膜炎患者随机分组后，将脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗组与非联合治疗组临床疗效比较。结果脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗组疗效和预后明显优于非联合治疗组，住院时间明显短于非联合治疗组。结论在全身系统化疗基础上行脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗可明显提高结核性脑膜炎疗效、改善其预后、缩短住院时间、节省住院治疗费用，具有明显的社会效益，值得临床推广。