Stability-indicating determination of adrenaline in injections containing procaine

Adrenaline was determined in injections containing procaine in a 1000-fold excess by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection at 205 nm and aqueous sulphuric acid (100 μmol/l) as eluent. The relative standard deviation was 2.1%, and the method was selective in the presence of adrenaline degradation products. Changes of the capacity factor with pH and ionic strength of the eluent were studied, and a simple model is suggested to explain the retention data.     

Modifiable Determinants of Postpartum Weight Loss in Women with Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the UPBEAT Trial

Pregnancy can alter a woman’s weight gain trajectory across the life course and contribute to the development of obesity through retention of weight gained during pregnancy. This study aimed to identify modifiable determinants associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR; calculated by the difference in pre-pregnancy and 6 month postpartum weight) in 667 women with obesity from the UPBEAT study. We examined the relationship between PPWR and reported glycaemic load, energy intake, and smoking status in pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), mode of delivery, self-reported postpartum physical activity (low, moderate, and high), and mode of infant feeding (breast, formula, and mixed). At the 6 month visit, 48% (n = 320) of women were at or above pre-pregnancy weight. Overall, PPWR was negative (−0.06 kg (−42.0, 40.4)). Breastfeeding for ≥4 months, moderate or high levels of physical activity, and GWG ≤9 kg were associated with negative PPWR. These three determinants were combined to provide a modifiable factor score (range 0–3); for each added variable, a further reduction in PPWR of 3.0 kg (95% confidence interval 3.76, 2.25) occurred compared to women with no modifiable factors. This study identified three additive determinants of PPWR loss. These provide modifiable targets during pregnancy and the postnatal period to enable women with obesity to return to their pre-pregnancy weight.     

Outcome of Debridement,Antibiotics, and Implant Retention With Modular Component Exchange in Acute Culture-Negative Periprosthetic Joint Infections

BackgroundModular component exchange and culture-directed antibiotic treatment is routinely employed for acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, as many as 7%-23% of PJIs have been reported to yield negative culture results. The efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) with modular component exchange in the setting of acute culture negative PJI remains largely unknown. The aim of our study is to evaluate the outcomes of DAIR with modular component exchange in acute culture-positive and culture-negative PJI.MethodsA total of 149 consecutive patients with primary total joint replacements (90 total knee arthroplasties and 59 total hip arthroplasties) who underwent DAIR with modular component exchange for acute PJI with at least 3 years of follow-up were evaluated: (1) 46 culture-negative PJI patients and (2) 103 culture-positive PJI patients. Reinfection and aseptic revision rates along with complication rates were compared.ResultsThe reinfection rate for DAIR in acute culture-negative PJI was 13.0% compared to 19.4% in culture-positive PJI (P = .48). Mean survival time from reinfection between culture-negative (7.7 ± 0.4 years) and culture-positive (7.4 ± 0.3 years) PJI groups did not differ significantly (P = .40). Aseptic revision rates were 8.7% and 4.9% (P = .46), respectively, with loosening being the primary reason for implant failure in both cohorts.ConclusionsDespite lack of an identifying organism to guide postoperative antibiotic therapy, DAIR with modular component exchange for acute culture-negative PJI was associated with similar reinfection rates compared to acute culture-positive PJI, suggesting that culture negativity may not be a contraindication to DAIR in patients with acute PJI.     

The Safety and Efficacy of Using Drainage in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of not using a drain or placing a drain in the glenohumeral (GH) or subacromial (SA) joint spaces on fluid retention and pain in the early postoperative period and late clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2018 and 2020 were included in the study. Before the operation, demographic data, range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Constant–Murley scores has documented. Deltoid muscle diameter (DMD) were measured. The total amount of irrigation used during the surgery and the operation duration were recorded, and the active amount of fluid coming from the drain in patients with a drain was recorded. The first postoperative DMD measure was made in the operating room and accepted as day 0. DMD measurements repeated postoperative first and second day. VAS assessments were performed on the postoperative first and second days. At the outpatient clinic, these measurements were repeated on the first and second weeks after discharge. Functional evaluations were made with ROM and Constant–Murley scores at the final follow-up examination.ResultsThere was no difference in the amount of drainage between the two groups in which a drain was used. When the three groups were compared among themselves regarding preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, Constant–Murley scores, and DMD, no significant difference was found.ConclusionsWe do not recommend the routine use of drains after arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in terms of cost-effectiveness.Level of evidenceLevel II: Prospective Cohort Study.     

基于证效相关研究清利湿热方中医功效及降血尿酸作用机制

目的：建立湿热内蕴证候大鼠模型,研究具有降血尿酸作用的清利湿热方的中医功效,以证测效揭示清利湿热降血尿酸作用机制。方法：将48只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、四妙丸组以及清利湿热方低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。采用饲喂高脂高糖饲料,自由饮用蜂蜜水,并隔天灌胃猪油脂或酒,建立湿热内蕴证候大鼠模型,观察清利湿热方对大鼠一般状态的影响。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清热激蛋白70（HSP70）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）,促胃液素（GAS）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量以及血浆胃动素（MTL）、肝脏组织Na+-K+-ATP酶含量,免疫组织化学法检测胃肠组织水孔蛋白3（AQP3）、水孔蛋白4（AQP4）含量,采用蛋白质印迹法检测结肠组织中TOLL样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κBp65表达量。结果：模型组体质量下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,HSP70、TNF-α、IL-1β升高（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001）,胃肠组织中AQP3表达量下降（P<0.05）,AQP4表达量上升（P<0.01,P<0.001）,GAS含量下降（P<0.01）,IgM含量升高（P<0.01）,结肠组织TLR4表达量增加（P<0.01）。清利湿热方能增加大鼠体质量,降低HSP70、TNF-α、IL-1β含量（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001）,升高胃肠组织AQP3表达量（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001）,降低AQP4表达量（P<0.05）,升高GAS、Na+-K+-ATP酶含量（P<0.05,P<0.001）,降低IgM含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：饲喂高脂高糖饲料,自由饮用蜂蜜水,并隔天灌胃油脂/酒,可以成功建立高尿酸血症湿热内蕴证候模型,清利湿热方可以从大鼠一般状态、体质量、热激蛋白以及炎症介质、水孔蛋白、胃肠激素、免疫等多方面改善大鼠湿热状态,发挥清利湿热功效。清利湿热方具有降血尿酸作用,其作用机制可能与下调TLR4,核因子κBp65有关。     

益气行水汤治疗肛肠术后尿潴留的临床效果

目的:探讨益气行水汤治疗肛肠术后尿潴留患者的有效性及对患者膀胱残存尿量、自行排尿时间的影响。方法:选取2019 年1 月—2020 年6 月因肛肠术后尿潴留来我院接受治疗的60 例患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,各30 例。对照组采用常规治疗,研究组采用常规治疗联合益气行水汤治疗,比较两组疗效、临床指标及治疗前后疼痛评分。结果:研究组总有效率为93%,对照组为77%,研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);研究组的膀胱残存尿量(119.0±18.2) mL、自行排尿时间(38.4±17.3) min、排便时间(34.0±8.4) h 及住院时间(4.6±2.1)d 均少于对照组的(168.0±22.9) mL、(54.2±18.8) min、(75.1±6.0) h 及(8.5±3.0) d,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);研究组治疗后3 d 与7 d 的视觉疼痛模拟量表(VAS)评分分别为(3.1±0.4)分、(1.9±0.3)分,均低于对照组的(4.3±1.0)分、(3.0±0.5)分,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:对肛肠术后尿潴留患者采用益气行水汤治疗,效果较好,能有效减少患者膀胱残存尿量,缩短其自行排尿时间,疼痛情况得到显著改善,缩短其病情恢复时间。     

“三位一体”个案干预模式对北京地区HIV/AIDS患者ART启动时间和治疗依从性影响

目的　本研究探讨了一种由医生、护士和非政府组织共同参与的“三位一体”个案干预模式,用以缩短从确诊HIV感染到开始抗反转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy, ART）的时间,提高患者的依从性,改善ART效果。方法　将2012年1月—2013年12月在北京佑安医院确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为对照组,接受常规诊疗程序。2015年1月—2016年12月确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为干预组,接受“三位一体”个案干预模式。比较2组ART启动时间及治疗依从性的差别及可能的影响因素。结果　共纳入患者4906例,对照组1549例,干预组3357例。干预组从确诊到接受ART的中位时间为35 d,远少于对照组的56 d（Z=-10.087,P=0.001）。与对照组相比,干预组患者有更好的治疗依从性（89.2% vs. 95.3%,P=0.000）。 ART启动时间与个案干预模式的实施存在线性关系,且呈负相关。结论　接受“三位一体”个案干预模式的HIV/AIDS患者能更快的启动ART,有更好的治疗依从性和队列保持率,可以在全国实施HIV个案干预模式,减轻AIDS负担。     

反相气相色谱法测定溶剂在PBMA中的无限稀释活度系数

用反相气相色谱方法测定了１６种溶剂在聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯（ＰＢＭＡ）中３４３￣４３３Ｋ范围内的无限稀释活度系数,并用周浩等的高分子溶液分子热力学模型对实验结果进行了关联,结果令人满意。     

Cation exchange contribution to the retention of specific quaternary ammonium compounds in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The influence of electrolytes on the retention of organic cationic solutes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been investigated. The effects of the nature and concentration of electrolytes and mobile phase pH on the retention of two model quaternary ammonium compounds were studied on mu-Bondapak C18 stationary phase with aqueous methanolic eluents. The nature and concentration of inorganic cations added to the mobile phase modified the retention of the solutes. The counter anion of the added electrolyte did not perceptibly influence solute retention at constant mobile phase pH, although it did significantly influence solute retention when the electrolytes were added to unbuffered mobile phases. The retention data are consistent with the inclusion of an ion exchange contribution to the retention of cationic solutes in the systems investigated.     

RP-HPLC进行甲氨蝶呤血药浓度监测时保留时间校准方法研究

目的 建立RP—HPLC进行MTX血药浓度监测时保留时间校准方法。方法应用容量因子与流动相比例的三次方多项式模型，建立MTX流动相比例与保留时间的函数，并通过此函数用保留时间求算流动相比例，与理论流动相比例比较，从而计算流动相应该补充组分的量，达到调整保留时间的目的。结果四种不同色谱条件下容量因子与流动相比例的三次方多项式模型拟合关系良好，R0均为1．000，保留时间经校准后RSD为0.9％(n=5)。结论本方法能准确校准因流动相比例引起变化的保留时间，适用于MTX血药浓度监测时保留时间的校准，方法新颖、有效、简单。