Effects of atorvastatin and aspirin on post-stroke epilepsy and usage of levetiracetam

Objective:Atorvastatin and aspirin have been used in treating different forms of epilepsy. However, their effect on post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) still needs to be validated by large-scale clinical studies. In addition, their impact on the use of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam for post-stroke epilepsy remains to be explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to further evaluate the effect of atorvastatin and aspirin on PSE and their effect on the usage of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam in PSE patients.Methods:Patients, aged 65 to 85 years, with newly diagnosed post-ischemic stroke epilepsy from August 30, 2014 to August 30, 2018 were included in the study, with the exclusion of those with coexisting conditions.Results:Initially, 1321 patients were included, and 780 remained in the study at the 1-year follow-up. During the study, atorvastatin treatment with or without aspirin reduced the number of clinical epileptic episodes in PSE patients. It also reduced the dosage of levetiracetam and achieved better control of epilepsy compared to levetiracetam mono-treatment. Aspirin co-treatment with levetiracetam did not result in a significant improvement. However, the combination of aspirin with atorvastatin significantly reduced the number of seizures compared to atorvastatin treatment alone.Conclusion:Atorvastatin and aspirin co-treatment with levetiracetam can reduce epilepsy in PSE patients and reduce the dosage of levetiracetam required for effective control of PSE.     

纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者摄食训练的指导价值

目的 分析纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查(FEES)对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者摄食训练的指导价值。方法 采用随机信封法将2019年1月-2021年1月北京市大兴区中西医结合医院和北京市丰台区南苑医院收治的120例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。对照组采用标准吞咽功能评估(SSA),在阴性后进行摄食训练,观察组采用FEES,在阴性后进行摄食训练,最终观察组纳入55例,对照组纳入54例。比较治疗前1周和治疗后1周两组患者的动脉血气分析、并发症发生情况、误吸程度、吞咽功能评级和安全性指标水平。结果 两组患者治疗后动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)水平、误吸和腹胀发生率均较治疗前降低,且观察组较对照组低;观察组肺部感染发生率低于对照组;两组患者治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO₂)水平均较治疗前升高,且观察组较对照组高;治疗后,两组患者误吸程度均较治疗前减轻,且观察组优于对照组;治疗后,两组患者吞咽功能均较治疗前改善,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 脑卒中吞...     

A latent variable transformation model approach for exploring dysphagia

Multiple outcomes are often collected in applications where the quantity of interest cannot be measured directly or is difficult or expensive to measure. In a head and neck cancer study conducted at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, the investigators wanted to determine the effect of clinical and treatment factors on unobservable dysphagia through collected multiple outcomes of mixed types. Latent variable models are commonly adopted in this setting. These models stipulate that multiple collected outcomes are conditionally independent given the latent factor. Mixed types of outcomes (e.g., continuous vs. ordinal) and censored outcomes present statistical challenges, however, as a natural analog of the multivariate normal distribution does not exist for mixed data. Recently, Lin et al. proposed a semiparametric latent variable transformation model for mixed outcome data; however, it may not readily accommodate event time outcomes where censoring is present. In this paper, we extend the work of Lin et al. by proposing both semiparametric and parametric latent variable models that allow for the estimation of the latent factor in the presence of measurable outcomes of mixed types, including censored outcomes. Both approaches allow for a direct estimate of the treatment (or other covariate) effect on the unobserved latent variable, greatly enhancing the interpretability of the models. The semiparametric approach has the added advantage of allowing the relationship between the measurable outcomes and latent variables to be unspecified, rendering more robust inference. The parametric and semiparametric models can also be used together, providing a comprehensive modeling strategy for complicated latent variable problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

咽部电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的Meta分析

目的 综合评价咽部电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。方法 计算机检索Cochrane Library、Embase、EBSCO、PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普信息资源系统、中国知网和万方医学数据库中咽部电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限为建库到2020年6月,进行文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3 软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入5项RCT研究,包括325例患者。咽部电刺激在吞咽障碍严重程度评定量表评分(SMD = -0.27, 95%CI -0.53~-0.01, P = 0.04)和拔管率(RR = 4.69, 95%CI 2.02~10.87,P < 0.001)方面有效,但在功能性经口摄食量表评分(SMD = 0.24,95%CI -0.32~0.79, P = 0.40)、渗漏-误吸量表评分(MD = -0.18, 95%CI -0.74~0.39, P = 0.54)和住院时间(SMD = -0.16, 95%CI -0.42~0.11, P = 0.25)方面与对照治疗无显著性差异。结论 咽部电刺激能改善卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,提高鼻饲拔管率,但在经口摄食、减少误吸和住院时间方面尚需进一步研究。     

喉切除术后吞咽障碍的发生机制及康复研究进展

吞咽障碍作为喉切除术后的常见并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。喉切除术包括全喉切除术和喉部分切除术。全喉切除患者的吞咽障碍多是由于食团下咽阻力增加、食管蠕动障碍、新造咽的狭窄而造成。喉部分切除术后因吞咽相关解剖结构损伤或缺失,导致声门下压力降低、气管保护机制下降、声门开闭受损,呼吸与吞咽动作协调紊乱,患者常出现呛咳、误吸等症状。吞咽障碍的评估方法分为主观评估和客观评估。主观评估包括临床床旁检查和吞咽障碍量表评估。客观评估常采用吞咽造影检查、纤维内镜吞咽功能检查和高分辨率压力测量。早期吞咽康复训练、心理干预以及家属参与康复护理及出院后的延续护理等均可促进喉切除术后患者吞咽功能康复。     

卒中后抑郁患者家庭功能及家庭护理干预的研究进展

卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)是指发生于卒中后,表现为一系列抑郁症状和相应躯体症状的综合征,是卒中后常见且可治疗的并发症之一,如未及时发现和治疗,将影响卒中后患者神经功能的恢复和日常生活能力,增加患者的致残率和死亡率[1-3]。