生物化学与细胞生物学课程整合的探讨

为了适应新世纪教学内容和课程体系改革的要求,我校借鉴美国哈佛大学医学院的经验,将生物化学与细胞生物学两门课程整合为“细胞的化学与生物学”。整合后在减少两个学科间重复内容、增加学科间联系、减少学时、早期接触临床、培养学生分析解决问题的能力、创新能力等方面有了很大改进,为这两门课程的改革开辟了新途径。     

模拟定位导向Max—Core活检针经皮肺活检临床评价

目的 探讨模拟定位机下经皮穿刺肺活检对周围性肿块的临床诊断价值。方法 采用模拟定位机导向对47例肺周围性肿块进行模拟定位导向，经皮肺活检后作病理诊断。结果 肺癌43例，结核2例，炎性假瘤2例，阳性率93％．且并发症少．操作简便、快捷、安全。结论 模拟定位导向经皮穿刺肺活检对肺部周围性肿块是一种较为安全有效的诊断技术。     

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED TRUCUT BIOPSY

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is sensitive for staging gastrointestinal malignancies and pancreatic lesions. EUS‐fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) offers a diagnostic accuracy of about 60–90% for pancreatic tumors and > 90% for lymph nodes. There are several limitations of EUS‐FNA including the need for on‐site cytopathology review. In addition, accuracy of cytologic review is hampered by the presence of blood, benign epithelial cells, desmoplasia, and well‐differentiated tumors. Furthermore, the small biopsy sample and destruction of tissue architecture limits the diagnostic sensitivity for GISTs and lymphomas. Many of these problems can be overcome with use of EUS trucut biopsy (TCB) needles. These large caliber, cutting needles acquire larger tissue samples allowing preservation of tissue architecture and histologic examination. Our recently described experience with EUS‐TCB initially in swine and later humans demonstrated the safety for acquiring histologic tissue representative of the target organs sampled enabling accurate diagnosis. These studies suggested greater diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐TCB for submucosal mass lesions and lymphoma and potentially the need for fewer needle passes for solid pancreatic neoplasms. In this paper we will review the current TCB literature, device design and technique, help troubleshoot potential problems, and offer opinion as to the utility and role of this new device.     

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目的 探讨辅助检查在诊断亚急性甲状腺炎中的作用。方法 回顾分析372例亚急性甲状腺炎病人所做的各项辅助检查结果。结果 血沉，B超，彩色多普勒，甲状腺核素扫描，甲状腺吸^131I率测定，细针穿刺细胞学，TMA，TGA等项检查诊断本病的阳性率分别为93.75%,81.63%,95.62%,89.66%,69.70%,89.41%,13.46%和9.62%。T3，T4，TSH检查结果随着病程的进展变化较大。结论 血沉检查对诊断本病缺乏特异性；彩色多普勒，细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断率高，特异性强，是首选的检查手段；甲状腺核素扫描可以准确地反映甲状腺功能状态；检测血清中T3，T4，TSH水平可以协助诊断本病，判断疾病所处时期。     

脑动静脉畸形血管重构的分子生物学机制

脑动静脉畸形存在活跃的血管重构,本文就其重构的分子生物学机制作一综述。     

男性乳腺癌研究进展

男性乳腺癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤。本文综述与男性乳腺癌相关的分子生物学特征(BRCA-1、BRCA-2、HER-2/new、p53 Bcl-2 p21waf1、p27kip1)、诊断、治疗。诊断主要依靠病理学;淋巴结转移是主要预后因素。治疗以手术为主,综合治疗有利于提高生存率。     

Loss of constitutional heterozygosity in human astrocytomas

Summary Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes or anti-oncogenes as well as activation of dominant acting oncogenes seem to be important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of gliomas. We compared constitutional and tumoural genotypes at different restriction fragment length polymorphism loci (RFLP) on chromosomes 10 and 17 in 15 unrelated individualsLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) pointing to chromosomal loss or deletions was detected for at least one chromosme 17 marker in 11 gliomas (astrocytomas grades I–III and glioblastoma multiforme), whereas LOH for chromosome 10 loci was only detected in 3 out of 9 cases of glioblastoma multiforme and was not detected in low grade gliomas. Since LOH for chromosome 10 loci seems to be restricted only to glioblastoma multiforme, it is possible that recessive mutations on chromosome 10 are engaged in tumour progression from astrocytomas to glioblastoma multiforme. As LOH of chromosome 17 markers occurs in astrocytomas as in glioblastoma multiforme, chromosome 17 loci probably are involved in early tumour development.     

刃针治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效观察

目的观察刃针治疗神经根型颈椎病的疗效。方法将150例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组采用刃针微创治疗术，对照组则采用电针常规取穴治疗，两组进行疗效比较。结果与结论治疗组优良率和总有效率分别为75．3％和95．3％，对照组分别为52．3％和87．7％，两组总有效率差异虽无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但治疗组优良率明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。     

新疆家畜蠕形蚤病病原研究

本文详细介绍了在新疆发现的花蠕形蚤、叶氏蠕形蚤、北山羊蠕形蚤、羊长喙蚤和狍长喙蚤的形态学特点、地理分布和某些生物学特性。     

STANDARD IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION USING A CURVED LINEAR ARRAY ECHOENDOSCOPE

Standard imaging techniques using a curved linear array echoendocope are summarized to facilitate the attainment of expertise in endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration, and to promote the widespread use of this diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Typical images of the mediastinal organs, the bilio‐pancreatic systems and neighboring organs by scanning from the esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, and descending portion of the duodenum, are shown in a sequential manner. The basic techniques of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration are also presented.