安体优I抑制肿瘤淋巴管生成的实验研究

目的：观察安体优I对615小鼠HCa—F肝癌淋巴道转移的影响,探讨其作用机理。方法：生理盐水、干扰素和安体优1分别作用于动物模型,3周后检测转移淋巴结计数及转移率;免疫组化检测VEGF—C和Flt-4,5’-Nase—ALP双重组织化学法检测淋巴管微密度。结果：模型组、0l—IFN组和中药组转移淋巴结计数分别为5．88±2．30、4．13zl：1．64和3．50±1．91个;淋巴结转移率分别为78．6％、61．1％和57．4％;微淋巴管密度分别为25．25±4．59、22．384-4．41和21．75±4．71;VEGF—c的阳性率分别为87．5％、25．0％和25．0％,Fit-4阳性率分别为100．O％、37．5％和50．0％,中药组与模型组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;结论：安体优I具有抑制615小鼠HCa—F肝癌淋巴道转移作用,其机制可能与下调淋巴管生成信号通路VEGF—c及其受体Fit-4的表达,抑制肿瘤淋巴管生成相关。     

胃癌组织中微血管、微淋巴管生成和增殖细胞分布与胃癌预后的关系

Objective  

We investigated the relationship between lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation in gastric cancer.     

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are downregulated in primary breast cancer

Background:

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are considered to play key roles in tumour growth, progression and metastasis. However, targeting tumour angiogenesis in clinical trials showed only modest efficacy. We therefore scrutinised the concept of tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by analysing the expression of crucial markers involved in these processes in primary breast cancer.

Methods:

We analysed the expression of angiogenic, lymphangiogenic or antiangiogenic factors, their respective receptors and specific markers for endothelial and lymphendothelial cells by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in primary breast cancer and compared the expression profiles to non-cancerous, tumour-adjacent tissues and breast tissues from healthy women.

Results:

We found decreased mRNA amounts of major angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in tumour compared to healthy tissues, whereas antiangiogenic factors were upregulated. Concomitantly, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic receptors were downregulated in breast tumours. This antiangiogenic, antilymphangiogenic microenvironment was even more pronounced in aggressive tumours and accompanied by reduced amounts of endothelial and lymphatic endothelial cell markers.

Conclusion:

Primary breast tumours are not a site of highly active angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Selection for tumour cells that survive with minimal vascular supply may account for this observation in clinical apparent tumours.     

VEGF-C及VEGFR-3在非小细胞肺癌中的临床意义

目的研究VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达在非小细胞肺癌中的临床意义。方法对78例病理分期为Ⅰ~ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者术后组织标本中癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织共计234份进行半定量PCR研究。同时对VEGF-C和VEGFR-3mRNA的表达与其不同的病理类型、分期、分化程度及其他临床特性进行分析。结果VEGF-C mRNA的表达水平在癌组织及癌旁组织的相对含量明显高于正常组织(P<0.05),VEGFR-3mRNA的表达在癌组织中的相对含量明显高于正常组织(P<0.05)。VEGF-C和VEGFR-3mRNA的表达与临床病理特性相互之间的关系显示,在淋巴结转移组及病理分期组,VEGF-C或VEGFR-3mRNA的表达水平无论是在癌组织中,还是在癌旁组织中均有明显统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论VEGF-C和VEGFR-3mRNA的表达与非小细胞肺癌的淋巴结转移有关,提示VEGF-C和VEGFR-3mRNA的表达的非小细胞肺癌预后不良。     

甲状腺乳头状癌VEGF-C表达与血管、淋巴管生成的关系

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)中血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor C,VEGF-C)表达与血管、淋巴管生成的关系。方法:将72例PTC根据侵袭程度分为甲状腺乳头状微癌组、甲状腺内型乳头状癌组和甲状腺外型乳头状癌组;根据有无淋巴结转移分为淋巴结转移组和淋巴结无转移组。免疫组化SP法对PTC进行VEGF-C,CD105和血管内皮生长因子受体3(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3,VEGFR-3)标记,应用图像分析系统定量分析VEGF-C,计算出其阳性指数(positive index,PI)、显微镜下计数的微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)和淋巴管密度(lymphaticvessel density,LVD)。结果:PTC淋巴结转移组VEGF-C的PI值(23.15±3.75)显著高于无转移组(14.54±2.93)(P<0.01);PTC微癌、腺内型、腺外型的MVD分别为35.25±2.06,41.75±5.46和52.58±4.16,随癌侵袭程度增加而增加(P<0.05);PTC微癌、腺内型、腺外型LVD分别为6.00±0.81,13.80±1.81和19.17±2.96,随癌侵袭程度增加而增加(P<0.05);淋巴结转移组的LVD(19.56±2.45)显著高于无转移组(12.48±2.84)(P<0.05);VEGF-C表达与MVD和LVD计数呈正相关(r=0.743,0.90,均P<0.01)。结论:VEGF-C,LVD与PTC的淋巴结转移有关;MVD,LVD与PTC侵袭有关;VEGF-C可能参与了血管、淋巴管生成。     

3‐O‐Acetyloleanolic acid inhibits angiopoietin‐1‐induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via suppression of angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 signaling

Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are important processes in tumor progression and metastasis. The inhibitory effects of 3‐O‐acetyloleanolic acid (3AOA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound isolated from Vigna sinensis K., on tumor‐induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo were studied. Angiopoietin‐1 is an important angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factor secreted from colon carcinoma CT‐26 cells under hypoxia conditions. 3AOA inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of angiopoietin‐1‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HLMEC). 3AOA reduced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in angiopoietin‐1‐stimulated Matrigel plugs. Also, 3AOA inhibited tumor growth and tumor‐induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in an angiopoietin‐1‐induced CT‐26 allograft colon carcinoma animal model. 3AOA inhibited activation of the angiopoietin‐1 receptor Tie‐2 and activation of the downstream signaling factors FAK, AKT, and ERK1/2 that are involved in the angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2‐signaling pathway. Thus, 3AOA has an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis induced by angiopoietin‐1 both in vitro and in vivo, and the inhibitory effect of 3AOA is probably due to suppression of angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 signaling in HUVEC and HLMEC.     

Controversial role of mast cells in skin cancers

Cancer development is a multistep process characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations during tumor initiation and progression. The stromal microenvironment can promote tumor development. Mast cells, widely distributed throughout all tissues, are a stromal component of many solid and haematologic tumors. Mast cells can be found in human and mouse models of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, primary cutaneous lymphomas, haemangiomas and Merkel cell carcinoma. However, human and animal studies addressing potential functions of mast cells and their mediators in skin cancers have provided conflicting results. In several studies, mast cells play a pro‐tumorigenic role, whereas in others, they play an anti‐tumorigenic role. Other studies have failed to demonstrate a clear role for tumor‐associated mast cells. Many unanswered questions need to be addressed before we understand whether tumor‐associated mast cells are adversaries, allies or simply innocent bystanders in different types and subtypes of skin cancers.     

移植肾内新生淋巴管检测的临床意义

目的:探讨移植肾微淋巴管检测在排斥反应的诊断和移植肾病理分型上的临床意义.方法:对77例肾移植患者的134份移植肾组织标本,用Podoplanin单抗二步法免疫组化标记移植肾内淋巴管,计算移植肾内淋巴管密度(LVD),根据不同的病理诊断进行对比分析.结果:肾功能稳定的移植肾组织LVD平均值最低,为1.03±0.31,与其他各组的两两比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).慢性/硬化性移植肾肾病组LVD平均值最高,为18.35±4.79,与其他各组间的两两比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.01).急性细胞性排斥反应与C4d 急性排斥反应比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:检测移植肾内淋巴管增生有助于移植肾排斥反应的临床诊断和预后判断,并指导抗排斥治疗.移植肾淋巴管生成可能参与慢性排斥反应的发生和发展.     

替代性活化的巨噬细胞促进淋巴管内皮细胞增殖的机制

目的:观察替代性活化的巨噬细胞(aaMphi)对淋巴管内皮细胞(LEC)增殖的影响机制.方法: 以重组小鼠IL-4处理小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞24 h,建立aaMphi模型.采用Transwell系统共培养aaMphi和小鼠LEC,台盼蓝拒染法绘制LEC生长曲线,3H-TdR掺入法观察LEC增殖状况,实时定量RT-PCR法分别检测共培养前后血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-C,VEGF-D mRNA在aaMphi中的表达,以及VEGFR-3,Prox1 mRNA在LEC中的表达.结果: 与aaMphi共培养后,LEC生长速度加快,增殖指数(PI)高于其他对照组.与共培养前比较,aaMphi表达VEGF-C mRNA增加(P《0.01),但表达VEGF-D mRNA无统计学变化(P》0.05);LEC表达VEGFR-3和Prox1 mRNA均增加(P《0.01, P《0.05).结论: aaMphi能促进LEC增殖; aaMphi表达VEGF-C mRNA和LEC表达VEGFR-3, Prox1 mRNA增加是其作用机制之一.     

小鼠淋巴管内皮细胞体外不同培养体系的比较

目的 探讨最适合小鼠淋巴管内皮细胞(mouse lymphatic endothelial cell,MLEC)生长的体系.方法 小鼠腹腔注射乳化的不完全弗式佐剂(15 d后再注射1次),诱导形成良性淋巴管瘤.消化法分离MLEC,分别置于明胶、鼠尾胶、基质胶或纤维蛋白凝胶包被的培养板中生长,流式细胞术对MLEC进行鉴定,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长状态和形成管样结构的差异,并计算细胞群体倍增时间.结果 从淋巴管瘤中分离得到MLEC.MLEC在明胶、鼠尾胶支持物上生长良好,其群体倍增时间均短于在基质胶和纤维蛋白凝胶上生长的MLEC.MLEC在4种支持物上均可以形成管样结构,在基质胶和纤维蛋白凝胶上形成的管分支数明显高于其他组(P＜0.01).结论 明胶和鼠尾胶是MLEC生长的较好支持物,而基质胶和纤维蛋白凝胶是体外淋巴管形成的较好模型.