The Effects of Hyperfiltration on Serum Sickness Glomerulonephritis in Rats

The effects of hyperfiltration induced due to unilateral nephrectomy on immunologically induced glomerular injuries were studied. Glomerulonephritis was induced in rats by sensitizing them with egg albumin as an antigen. Unilateral nephrectomy did not affect the removal rate of the antigen from the glomeruli in the rats, but accelerated the rate of the glomerular injuries after cessation of the immunologically induced glomerular inflammation. The histopathological features were characterized by sciero-adhesive lesions with aneurysmal dilatation and hyalinosis of the glomerular capillaries. The parietal epithelial cells extended from the Bowman's capsule with matrices to cover the denuded basement membrane and formed adhesions. The neighboring capillaries collapsed, and the sclero-adhesive lesions progressed. These findings indicate that hyperfiltration at the capillary level did not accelerate the recovery from glomerulonephritis, but induced glomerular sclerosis with adhesions and deteriorated the trivial glomerular injuries to produce similar focal segmental lesions.     

腹腔镜手术与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝

目的探析腹腔镜与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法集合本院2016年1月-2019年9月期间接收小儿腹股沟斜疝(年龄<13周岁)234例,以实际治疗术式来分组,传统手术组201例,腹腔镜组33例,对比组行传统手术,腹腔镜组予以腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组术中失血量、住院时间、初次下床活动时间、术后禁食时长、治疗费用,统计术后并发症并行组间对比。结果此次研究显示腹腔镜组术中失血量更少、术后禁食时长及初次下床活动时间更短(P<0.05),住院时间及、治疗费用组间对照中,腹腔镜组住院时间显著更短但治疗费用显著更高(P<0.05),术后并发症统计显示,腹腔镜组并发症发生率显著更低(P<0.05)。结论在小儿腹股沟斜疝治疗中腹腔镜手术虽费用较高,但患儿术后并发症更少,恢复更快,可优先选用。     

Robot-Assisted vs Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy in Octogenarians

ObjectiveWith increasing age, there is greater need for right-sided colonic resections than its left-sided counterparts. Older age is associated with limited physical and functional status, which carries greater operative risk. Improvements in robotic surgery questions its role, especially in older adults, compared with laparoscopy. The objective is to investigate whether robotic right hemicolectomy (RRH) is as safe and effective as laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LHR) in octogenarians (age >80 years).DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis.Settings and ParticipantsOctogenarians who underwent elective RRH and LRH by the Tweed Colorectal Group over 5 years.MethodsComplications within 30 days, age, gender, smoking status, immunocompromised status, presence of diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, mFI-5 (modified frailty index), operative time, method of anastomosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), need for rehabilitation, and short-term oncologic data using the TNM criteria were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSeventy-eight elective patients were included. LRH and RRH groups had similar median ages, gender distribution, and comorbidities. Across the entire cohort, 61.5% had no 30-day complications. RRH had nonsignificantly shorter operative time but significantly shorter LOS (5 vs 8 days) and fewer minor complications (24.5% vs 34.5%). Major complications and overall complications were not significantly different between the groups. Lower ASA and ECOG status were associated with lower complication rates across both groups. Oncologic resection outcomes were similar for both approaches.Conclusions and ImplicationsRRH does not confer an increased risk of complications compared to LRH in the octogenarians and may be a viable alternative in the field of minimally invasive surgery for older patients. Future research should focus on intracorporeal anastomoses, as it is a potential confounder leading to the shorter inpatient LOS shown in our robotic group.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的预后风险因素

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。结果本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T1期82例,T2期64例,T3期57例,T4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(HR=5.764,95%CI 1.926~17.249,P=0.002;HR=4.086,95%CI 1.611~10.364,P=0.003;HR=9.391,95%CI 2.118~41.637,P=0.003)、N分期(HR=6.446,95%CI 3.438~12.087,P<0.001;HR=5.661,95%CI 3.086~10.385,P<0.001;HR=5.980,95%CI 2.982~11.992,P<0.001)、LVI(HR=3.319,95%CI 2.008~5.486,P<0.001;HR=2.894,95%CI 1.782~4.701,P<0.001;HR=3.471,95%CI 2.017~5.974,P<0.001)、ASA评分(HR=2.888,95%CI 1.619~5.150,P<0.001;HR=1.765,95%CI 1.060~2.940,P=0.029;HR=2.612,95%CI 1.424~4.792,P=0.002)、体质指数(HR=0.886,95%CI 0.819~0.957,P=0.002;HR=0.885,95%CI 0.819~0.955,P=0.002;HR=0.862,95%CI 0.792~0.938,P=0.001)、年龄(HR=1.580,95%CI 1.250~1.997,P<0.001;HR=1.362,95%CI 1.088~1.705,P=0.007;HR=1.530,95%CI 1.190~1.968,P=0.001)和术中输血(HR=1.899,95%CI 1.160~3.108,P=0.011;HR=2.218,95%CI 1.371~3.587,P=0.001;HR=2.227,95%CI 1.312~3.782,P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(HR=4.506,95%CI 1.433~14.175,P=0.01;HR=3.159,95%CI 1.180~8.454,P=0.022;HR=7.810,95%CI 1.674~36.444,P=0.009),N分期(HR=6.096,95%CI 2.981~12.467,P<0.001;HR=5.368,95%CI 2.683~10.740,P<0.001;HR=5.539,95%CI 2.497~12.288,P<0.001)和ASA评分(HR=6.180,95%CI 2.371~16.110,P<0.001;HR=2.702,95%CI 1.175~6.215,P=0.019;HR=6.471,95%CI 2.290~18.286,P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(HR=0.434,95%CI 0.202~0.930,P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。结论T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。     

应用CiteSpace软件对腹腔镜肝切除术文献行可视化分析报告

Visual analysis of laparoscopic hepatectomy by CiteSpace software        LIU Yao*,CAO Kuan,ZHANG Bin,et al. *Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004,China Corresponding author：WANG Ren-hao, E-mail:wangrenhao@xzhmu.edu.cn Abstract    Objective    To analyze the papers,research hotspots and research trends in the research field of laparoscopic hepatectomy,so as to provide references for relevant personnel in this field to carry out the academic research of laparoscopic hepatectomy.  Methods    In the web of Science（WOS）,take " laparoscopic liver resection " as the subject word, "August 20,2021" as the time node,and "paper or review" as the source to limit the type of journals. Use Excel to sort out the retrieved documents,and get the basic overview of the annual number of documents,countries or regions,periodicals,institutions and authors. Use CiteSpace to perform keyword cluster analysis,and obtain the research hotspot and development trend. Results    A total of 2792 articles were retrieved,the total number of publications was small,  but the annual publication volume showed an increasing trend. Literature sources were highly concentrated in a few countries or regions. More than 100 articles in this field were published by 3 journals. More than 100 documents issued by 3 issuing institutions. More than 50 articles issued by 10 people. The research hotspots in this field focused on radiofrequency ablation,liver surgery,cholecystectomy,liver transferase and surgical management. From the evolution trend of research topics from 2002 to 2021,partial hepatectomy,ultrasonography,cancer cells,malignant tumors,liver tumors,laparoscopic cholecystectomy,bile duct injury,radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis,surgical management,diagnostic laparoscopy,single center,meta-analysis and outcm are the frontier topics in this field,it may become the focus of scholars' attention in the next few years. Conclusion    Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely used all over the world because of its advantages of small trauma and rapid recovery. In the future,it is necessary to pay attention to the cutting-edge research in this field and explore new surgical methods on the existing basis.     

对保胆取石历史和现状再认知

近年来,尽管腹腔镜胆囊切除术已成为治疗胆囊结石的主流术式,内镜保胆取石手术在某些医院仍颇为流行。从历史和实践来看,内镜保胆取石并未体现外科技术的突破,反而可能违背了胆囊结石的医疗原则。行保胆取石的病人选择及操作的合理性均存疑问,诸多临床研究的规范性、科学性欠妥,且术后长期随访数据匮乏,相关医生对继发胆囊癌变的问题普遍认识不足,更有一些医生及媒体对其进行夸大甚至错误的宣传。作为一项理念和技术均不成熟的外科操作,该术式目前尚不能作为胆囊结石治疗的规范手段,需医患双方谨慎选择。     

LC+LCBDE+PDC与ERCP+EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查一期缝合（LC+LCBDE+PDC）与内镜下胆管取石联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ERCP+EST+LC）两种手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效比较。方法 回顾性分析2017 年5月至2019 年5月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院135 例胆囊结合并胆总管结石的患者临床资料,76例行LC+LCBDE+PDC（PDC组）,59例行ERCP+EST+LC（ERCP组）,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛、术后禁食时间、术后活动时间以及术后住院时间、住院费用和并发症情况。结果 术前两组患者在年龄、性别、体重指数、胆总管直径、最大结石直径及数量、血清胆红素水平方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。PDC组在术中出血量[（39.0±18.6）mL vs （59.5±21.3）mL,t=3.574,P=0.038]、术后禁食时间[（42.8±12.9）h vs（72.8±23.9）h,t=4.443,P=0.014]、下床活动时间[（18.7±3.2）h vs（32.6±8.2）h,t=1.553,P=0.017]、术后住院时间[（5.21±1.29）d vs（8.79±2.37）d,t=2.265,P=0.023]和住院费用[（25 187±1 179）元 vs（38 406±1 315）元,t=5.374,P=0.008]方面均优于ERCP组（P＜0.05）,在手术时间、术后疼痛方面两组均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组在术后出血、黄疸方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,PDC组在术后胃肠道反应[11.8%（9/76）vs 25.4%（15/59）,χ2 =4.191,P=0.041]、胰腺炎[2.6%（2/76）vs 13.6%（8/59）,χ2 =4.299,P=0.038]、残余结石[0（0/76）vs 6.8%（4/59）,χ2 =5.310,P=0.034]发生率方面低于ERCP组,但胆漏发生率[7.9%（6/76）vs 0（0/59）,χ2 =4.875,P=0.035]高于ERCP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LC+LCBDE+PDC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全有效,既能避免术后留置T管,也能保留Oddi括约肌功能,值得临床推广应用。     

LCBDE+LC与ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的网状Meta分析

目的 近年来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）普遍应用于胆系结石的治疗,本Meta分析比较了三种治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的手术方式的疗效及安全性,即LCBDE+LC、术前ERCP（PreERCP）+LC、术中ERCP（IntraERCP）+LC。方法 计算机检索Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,查找1990—2019年关于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的随机对照试验（RCT）研究。按照纳入与排除标准,选择文献、评价质量、提取数据,采用Stata软件进行网状Meta分析。计算累积排序概率曲线下面积（SUCRA）,用于预测各手术方式的有效性及安全性,主要结局指标为结石清除率,病死率,胰腺炎、胆漏、出血,以及中转开腹率。结果 共有19篇RCT研究纳入分析,共计2 627例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示：（1）结石清除率：IntraERCP+LC优于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）病死率：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）胰腺炎：PreERCP+LC的发生率高于LCBDE+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（4）出血：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（5）胆漏：LCBDE+LC的发生率高于PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（6）中转开腹率：PreERCP+LC与IntraERCP+LC、LCBDE+LC与IntraERCP+LC之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而LCBDE+LC发生率高于PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三种手术方式均可用于治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,其中IntraERCP+LC的结石清除率最高,LCBDE+LC的胆漏风险较大,而PreERCP+LC的胰腺炎风险最高。     

加速康复外科在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管切开探查取石术中的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术（LCBDE）中的应用经验。方法 回顾性分析上海市宝山区仁和医院2015年4月至2019年4月145例老年患者（65岁以上）择期行LC联合LCBDE手术的临床资料,按围手术期管理方案分为ERAS组（55例）和传统组（90例）,比较两组患者术前1 d和术后1 d的应激反应指标、肝肾功能指标,术后并发症发生率、术后康复情况及患者满意度。结果 与传统组比较,ERAS组术后1 d应激反应指标WBC [（10.83±2.06）×10⁹/L vs（ 11.94±1.68）×10⁹/L,t=3.53,P＜0.01]、CRP [（25.22±8.38） mg/L vs（28.42±9.29）mg/L,t=2.09,P=0.04]、血糖水平[（4.91±1.02）mmol/L vs（ 6.01±1.10）mmol/L,t=5.99,P＜0.01]均较低,差异具有统计学意义。两组术前1 d及术后1 d肝肾功能指标（ALT、TBIL及BUN）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。ERAS组总体并发症发生率较传统组低（15/55 vs 71/90,χ²=37.69,P＜0.01）,差异有统计学意义;其中ERAS组恶心呕吐（3/55 vs 18/90,χ²=5.83,P=0.02）、戳孔疼痛（2/55 vs 18/90,χ²=7.69,P＜0.01）的发生率明显低于传统组。术后ERAS组肛门排气时间[（1.2±0.4）d vs（ 1.6±0.5）d,t=4.45,P＜0.01]、住院时间[（7.2±1.1）d vs（ 9.0±2.4）d,t=5.36,P＜0.01]、住院费用[（1.75±0.31）万元 vs（1.96±0.26）万元,t=4.29,P＜0.01]及患者满意度[（94.34±13.42）分 vs（ 82.78±10.71）分,t=5.73,P＜0.01]均明显优于传统组,差异均具有统计学意义。结论 ERAS应用于老年患者LC联合LCDBE围手术期安全有效,可减轻患者应激反应,降低术后并发症发生率,加快术后康复,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度。     

胆道镜联合术中胆道造影在困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的 探讨胆道镜联合术中胆道造影（intraoperative cholangiography,IOC）在困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中的应用价值,并分析影响术后并发症发生的相关因素。方法 前瞻性选取2019年6月至2020年9月温州市中西医结合医院收治的符合困难LC诊断的患者186例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各93例。对照组采用常规LC术,观察组采用胆道镜联合IOC的LC术。比较两组患者胆管损伤、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、中转开腹率及术后3个月并发症情况。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响患者术后并发症发生的相关危险因素。结果 观察组与对照组手术时间[（36.38±4.16）min vs（52.24±8.46）min]、术中出血量[（67.35±6.22）mL vs（86.64±7.69）mL]、住院时间[（5.72±0.36）d vs（8.45±1.42）d]、中转开腹率[0 vs 8.60%（8/93）]以及并发症总发生率[4.30%（4/93）vs 15.05%（14/93）]差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组均低于对照组。多因素Logistic分析表明,年龄＞60岁（OR 2.128,95%CI 1.395～2.902）、合并糖尿病（OR 2.526,95%CI 1.682～3.427）、手术时间≥40 min（OR 2.318,95%CI 1.879～2.836）、术中出血量≥70 mL（OR 2.418,95%CI 1.389～3.523）、术中无胆道造影（OR 3.967,95%CI 2.184～4.853）是LC术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。结论 胆道镜联合IOC在困难LC治疗中可降低患者胆管损伤、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和中转开腹率,且术后并发症少。困难LC术后并发症与患者年龄、是否合并糖尿病、手术时间、术中出血量、术中有无胆道造影有关。