液体加温护理在老年患者机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术中的研究

目的 探讨液体加温护理在老年患者机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术中的研究。方法 108例拟行达芬奇辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的膀胱癌患者,随机分入对照组（n=55）,术中接受变暖毯加温（41℃）,和加温组（n=53）,术中接受液体加温（41℃）。比较两组的手术数据、身体温度、凝血功能指标和术后并发症。结果 与对照组相比,加温组显著减少了术中输血（P=0.028）和更短的住院天数（P<0.05）。在围术期期间（从1至6 h）,加温组体温显著高于对照组。两组患者术前纤维蛋白原（FIB）,白细胞（WBC）、总胆红素（total bilirubin）、术中血糖、术后凝血酶原时间（TT）、血小板（PLT）对比具有显著差异（P均<0.05）。多元回归分析证实,TT是唯一的显著因素,这表明加温组具有更低的TT水平。结论 液体加温护理可以有效减少术中输血和患者住院天数,并维持术中常温,促进术后凝血功能。     

液体加温护理在老年患者机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术中的研究

目的 探讨液体加温护理在老年患者机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术中的研究。方法 108例拟行达芬奇辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的膀胱癌患者,随机分入对照组（n=55）,术中接受变暖毯加温（41℃）,和加温组（n=53）,术中接受液体加温（41℃）。比较两组的手术数据、身体温度、凝血功能指标和术后并发症。结果 与对照组相比,加温组显著减少了术中输血（P=0.028）和更短的住院天数（P<0.05）。在围术期期间（从1至6 h）,加温组体温显著高于对照组。两组患者术前纤维蛋白原（FIB）,白细胞（WBC）、总胆红素（total bilirubin）、术中血糖、术后凝血酶原时间（TT）、血小板（PLT）对比具有显著差异（P均<0.05）。多元回归分析证实,TT是唯一的显著因素,这表明加温组具有更低的TT水平。结论 液体加温护理可以有效减少术中输血和患者住院天数,并维持术中常温,促进术后凝血功能。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术的随机对照临床试验

根治性膀胱切除术是目前对局部浸润性膀胱癌的标准治疗方法。本研究采用随机对照临床试验,来评估机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术相对于开放手术而言是否可降低术后并发症发生率。本研究将118例T a-3N0-3M0期膀胱肿瘤患者分为2组,开放手术组（58例）接受根治性膀胱切除的开放手术治疗,机器人辅助组（60例）接受机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术治疗,两组患者均行体外尿路改道。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与开放、腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除及Bricker回肠膀胱术比较分析

目的 比较分析机器人辅助腹腔镜、传统腹腔镜以及开放手术下膀胱根治性切除+Bricker回肠膀胱术的围手术期资料及并发症情况. 方法 人组2010年1月至2015年10月在我院行膀胱根治性切除+Bricker回肠代膀胱术的132例膀胱癌患者,其中行开放手术者69例,行腹腔镜手术者57例,行机器人辅助腹腔镜手术者6例,比较各组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、进食时间、拔管时间及术后住院时间等围手术期情况和术后并发症. 结果 全部手术均顺利完成,3组患者的术后进食时间和盆腔引流管拨管时间比较无差异.开放组手术时间[398(360,450)min]低于腹腔镜组[435(390,510)min](P =0.011),而机器人组手术时间[338(330,480)min]与开放组和腹腔镜组之间无差异.机器人组出血量[300(200,375)ml]低于腹腔镜组[700(400,1 200) ml](P =0.043)和开放组[1 200(800,2 000)ml](P＜0.001),腹腔镜组出血量低于开放组(P=0.003).机器人组术中所输红细胞量(0 U)低于开放组[6(4,7.5)u](P =0.001),与腹腔镜组[2(0,4)U]无差异,而腹腔镜组术中输红细胞量低于开放组(P＜0.001).术中输血浆量3组总体存在差异(P=0.040),但两两比较无差异.机器人组术后住院时间[11(10,19.5)d]少于开放组[19(14,23)d](P =0.027),腹腔镜组术后住院时间[15(13,20)d]与开放组及机器人组比较,均无差异.3组间肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结阳性率及病理分级均无明显差异.3组患者间手术并发症比较,差异无统计学意义,以Clavien-Dindo评分对并发症进行分级,3组并发症分级无统计学差异. 结论 机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除+ Bricker回肠膀胱术具术中出血少、创伤小和术后恢复快的优势,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全有效的手术方法.     

机器人辅助全腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的护理配合

目的:总结机器人辅助全腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的手术护理配合.方法:回顾性分析2020年5月～2020年7月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的行机器人辅助全腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术膀胱肿瘤患者(8例)的关于手术护理配合的临床资料,总结分析术前访视、术前用物准备、手术设备布局管理、术中体位管理、术中洗手配合、术中体温管理及耗材管理等情况.结果:8例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放病例.手术时间为361(325～410)min,术中出血量为110～230ml,术后均无手术并发症,术后住院时间为9～13d,均顺利出院.结论:完善的手术配合流程、合理的机器设备布局、全面的围手术期护理,可有效确保机器人辅助全腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术顺利进行,促进手术患者快速康复.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术130例

目的 评估da Vinci S机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（RARP）的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾分析2009年7月至2013年9月,复旦大学附属中山医院应用da Vinci S手术系统（da Vinci Intuitive Surgical Inc.,Sunnyvale,CA,USA.）完成RARP术130例的情况.年龄48～76岁,平均（67±6）岁;PSA水平为2.16～ 78.20 ng/ml,平均（26.05±8.41）ng/ml;Gleason评分6～10;肿瘤临床分期均为局限性前列腺癌.结果 130例均经腹腔途径,采用机器人3臂或4臂,5～6枚troc ar完成RARP,无机器人机械故障或其他原因导致的术式改变.术前机器人准备时间20 ～ 90 min,平均（48.5±15.4） min;手术时间90 ～ 300 min,平均（143.6±22.9） min;术中出血量50 ～ 600 ml,平均（158.2±59.6） ml,2例（1.5％）术后输血400ml.术后2～3d下床活动,平均（2.2±0.6）d;术后住院5～21d,平均（6.6±1.9）d;4～21d拔除导尿管,平均（6.1±2.0）d.术后主要并发症包括：漏尿6例（4.6％）,漏尿于术后3～15d停止.术后淋巴瘘8例（6.2％）,术后2～3周停止,未发现淋巴囊肿.术后下肢静脉栓塞、肺栓塞和附睾炎各1例,治疗后好转.术后病理切缘阳性12例（9.2％）,精囊见癌侵犯10例（7.7％）,闭孔淋巴结转移4例（3.1％）.术后1～12个月复查PSA均＜ 0.2 ng/ml,术后6个月和1年完全控尿率达86％和95％.结论RARP安全、可靠,具有出血更少、恢复更快等优势,是根治性前列腺切除术的首选方式.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除体外尿流改道术

统使外科医生能够更加精确、高效地完成腹、盆腔手术,在微创泌尿外科领域值得推广、应用.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下保留性神经全膀胱切除术临床应用及疗效分析

目的:初步探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下保留性神经全膀胱切除术临床应用的可行性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年5月12例施行保留性神经的机器人辅助腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术患者的临床资料。患者年龄45～65岁,术前均有勃起功能, IIEF-5评分17.0分。手术范围包括膀胱前列腺切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫,术中注意保留双侧神经血管束,副阴部内动脉和耻骨膀胱复合体。术后推荐患者进行规律PDE5抑制剂药物治疗,并利用IIEF-5量表随访评估其术后性功能。结果:12例手术均顺利完成,手术切缘阴性,术后病理均为浸润性高级别尿路上皮细胞癌或原位癌,其中11例T_2N_0M_0期及以下,1例T_(3a)N_0M_0期肿瘤,无严重术中、术后并发症。术后随访时间超过12个月[(20.7±8.0)个月],无肿瘤复发转移。术后第3、6、12个月进行IIEF-5评分,分别为(10.9±6.9)分、(12.3±6.9)分和(14.1±8.0)分。随访第12个月时,其中有5例(41.7%)患者在药物辅助下可保持足以获得满意性交的勃起功能,3例(25%)有勃起但无法进行满意性交,4例(33.3%)无勃起功能。结论:对于经过严格筛选的渴望保留性功能的膀胱癌患者,机器人辅助腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术可以最大限度地保护患者的勃起功能。     

经膀胱路径机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术13例报告

目的 分享经膀胱路径机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术(TvRARP)的技术要点及体会。方法 收集2021年11月-2022年5月于西安交通大学第二附属医院行TvRARP的13例患者的临床资料。评估该术式手术时间、术中估计出血量、术中输血量、术后拔除尿管时间、术后住院时间、术后即刻尿控率、术后国际勃起功能指数-5问卷(IIEF-5)评分及围手术期并发症等。结果 13例患者手术时间为(142±39) min。术中估计出血量为(76±40) mL,无患者输血。术后中位IIEF-5评分16(12～22)分,术后中位住院时间3(2～5) d。术后中位拔除尿管时间7(5～14) d,其中12例(92.3%)患者拔除尿管后实现即刻尿控。无ClavienⅢ级及以上并发症发生,ClavienⅠ～Ⅱ级并发症4例(30.8%)。结论 TvRARP有较高的即刻控尿率和较佳的性功能保护作用,无严重并发症发生,适合经严格筛选的早期局限性前列腺癌患者。     

单孔腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术10例报告

目的 探讨单孔腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的可行性及初步经验.方法 采用单孔腹腔镜技术完成根治性膀胱切除术10例.男9例,女1例.取下腹正中3～4 cm切口,置入QuadPort(2例)或自制开口器(2环1套法,8例)建立单孔腹腔镜手术通道,术中采用常规和预弯腹腔镜器械.手术步骤包括双侧标准盆腔淋巴结清扫、根治性膀胱切除及开放构建全去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱.结果 10例手术顺利.无中转开放手术或传统腹腔镜手术,未增加其他通道.单孔部分手术时间130～330 min,平均243 min.术中失血50～600 ml,平均270 ml,5例需输浓缩红细胞2～4 U.盆腔淋巴结、尿道及输尿管切缘均阴性.病理报告均为尿路上皮癌T1N0M0 2例,T2aN0M0 6例,T3aN0M0 2例.无围手术期死亡及严重并发症的发生.8例完成6个月以上的随访,白天排尿均完全可控,4例有夜间遗尿,未见肿瘤复发和远处转移.结论 单孔腹腔镜膀胱癌根治性切除术安全可行,美容效果较好,短期随访肿瘤控制效果好.自制开口器制作简单,操作方便,气密性好,成本低,能够完成单孔腹腔镜手术.

Abstract：

Objective To present our initial experience of pure laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections. Methods 10 patients with pathology confined bladder urothelial carcinoma underwent laparoendoscopic single-site radical cystectomy, including 9 males and 1 female. After a 3-4 cm lower median abdominal incision was made, quadport or homemade single multichannel port was inserted, and conventional and prebent laparoscopic instruments were utilized. The surgical procedure included bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomies, radical cystectomy and building with a sigmoid orthotopic neobladder by open surgery.Results No extra port needed, neither conversion to open or conventional laparoscopic surgery. The time of LESS procedure ranged from 130 to 330 min (mean 243 nin). Estimated blood loss ranged from 50 to 600 ml (mean 270 ml). 5 patients needed blood transfusion of 2 to 4 units. The pathologic evaluation revealed bladder urothelial carcinoma, negative margins and negative pelvic lymph node involvement. No mortality or severe complications were observed perioperatively. After followup of more than 6 months, all revealed controllable urination at daytime, while 4 revealed nocturnal incontinence and needed one or two pads during nighttime. No evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease was detected. Conclusions LESS radical cystectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomies was safe and feasible, and short-term follow-up showed good tumor control outcomes. Homemade single multichannel port made of two elastic ring and glove was simple and effective.     

Perioperative complications and oncological safety of robot-assisted (RARC) vs. open radical cystectomy (ORC)

ObjectivesTo assess the surgical and oncological outcome of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared with open radical cystectomy (ORC).Patients and methodsClinical data of 64 patients undergoing RARC between August 2010 and August 2013 were prospectively documented and retrospectively compared with 79 patients undergoing ORC between August 2008 and August 2013 at a single academic institution. Perioperative results, surgical margins status, and nodal yield after RARC and ORC were compared using Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables) and chi-square test (categorical variables). Additional age-stratified analysis was performed in elderly patients (≥75 y). To avoid inference errors by multiple testing, P-values were adjusted using Bonferroni?s correction.ResultsBaseline characteristics of both cohorts were balanced. RARC patients had significantly less blood loss (RARC: 300 [interquartile range {IQR}: 200–500] ml; perioperative transfusion rate: 0 [IQR: 0–2] red packed blood cells [RPBCs]; ORC: 800 [IQR: 500–1200] ml, P<0.01; transfusion rate: 3 [IQR: 2–4] RPBCs, P<0.01), and hospital stay of RARC patients was reduced by 20% (RARC: 13 [IQR: 9–17] d, ORC: 16 [IQR: 13–21] d, P< 0.01).A total of 55 patients who underwent RARC and 59 patients who underwent ORC were eligible for analysis of oncological surrogates “surgical margin status” and “lymph-node yield” as well as for survival data. No differences between patients undergoing RARC or ORC were observed.In elderly patients (≥75 y; RARC: 17 patients, ORC: 28 patients), decreased intraoperative blood loss (RARC: 300 [IQR: 100–475] ml; ORC: 800 [IQR: 400–1300] ml, P<0.01) and lower transfusion rate (RARC: 0 [IQR: 0–1] RPBCs; ORC: 4 [IQR: 2–5] RPBCs, P<0.01) were observed in the robotic group.Major limitations of this study are the retrospective study design and a potential selection bias.ConclusionsRARC provides significant advantages compared with ORC regarding blood loss and postoperative recovery, whereas surgical and oncological outcomes are not different.     

Comparative effectiveness of robot-assisted vs. open radical cystectomy

Objectives

Over the past decade, robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has gained traction as an alternative to the conventional open approach open radical cystectomy (ORC). However, the benefits of RARC over ORC remain unclear. Our objective was to conduct a comparative effectiveness analysis between RARC and ORC using data from the National Cancer Data Base.

术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值对根治性膀胱切除术后总体生存期的影响

目的探讨术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值(AAPR)与根治性膀胱切除术后患者总体生存期(OS)的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2015年12月青岛大学附属医院收治的166例膀胱癌患者的临床病理资料。男148例,女18例。年龄(65.1±9.4)岁。伴高血压病31例、糖尿病14例。体质指数(BMI)(24.00±3.32)kg/m^2。肿瘤单发92例,多发74例。肿瘤直径<3 cm者43例,≥3 cm者123例。合并肾积水33例,无肾积水133例。术前AAPR(0.62±0.23)。根据AAPR的三分位点将患者分为低AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.42±0.09);中AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.58±0.05);高AAPR组56例,AAPR(0.86±0.21)。美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级1级4例,2级65例,3级86例,4级11例。根治术前患者均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,病理诊断均为膀胱癌,高级别144例,低级别22例。166例均行根治性膀胱切除术,其中腹腔镜手术140例,开放手术26例。术中行输尿管皮肤造口55例,回肠代膀胱96例,回肠原位新膀胱15例。将AAPR连续性变量和AAPR分组作为原始模型,调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗的数据作为校准模型1,在校准模型1基础上增加BMI、肿瘤数目、病理等级的数据作为校准模型2。采用趋势性检验检测不同AAPR组间危险比(HR)变化趋势。分析不同因素分层的AAPR与OS的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。采用基于广义相加模型的曲线拟合表示AAPR与OS的关系。结果本组166例中位随访63个月,生存95例,死亡71例。3年生存率为61%,5年生存率为50%。术后病理分期:T1期27例,T2期82例,T3期48例,T4期9例;N0期145例,N1期14例,N2期6例,N3期1例。术后52例行辅助化疗。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示,AAPR(HR=0.09,95%CI 0.022~0.391,P=0.001)、高AAPR组(HR=0.40,95%CI 0.216~0.742,P=0.003)、年龄(HR=2.42,95%CI 1.294~4.531,P=0.006)、肿瘤大小(HR=2.11,95%CI 1.112~4.014,P=0.023)、肿瘤数目(HR=0.62,95%CI 0.378~1.022,P=0.061)、pT3期(HR=8.93,95%CI 3.173~25.114,P<0.001)、pT4期(HR=10.39,95%CI 3.110~34.707,P<0.001)、N1期(HR=2.80,95%CI 1.422~5.531,P=0.003)、N3期(HR=17.06,95%CI 2.192~132.863,P=0.007)、病理分级(HR=0.30,95%CI 0.113~0.817,P=0.019)、肾积水(HR=2.36,95%CI 1.406~3.939,P=0.001)、术后辅助化疗(HR=2.66,95%CI 1.674~4.247,P<0.001)均与术后OS相关。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,Cox回归分析结果显示,与低AAPR组相比,高AAPR组的死亡风险降低约59%(HR=0.406,95%CI 0.200~0.822,P=0.012),AAPR每升高1个单位,死亡风险下降约80%(HR=0.199,95%CI 0.051~0.779,P=0.020)。趋势性检验结果显示,原始模型和校准模型中,AAPR不同分组间OS的HR下降趋势均有统计学意义(P=0.016),提示两者呈线性关系。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,曲线拟合图显示,AAPR与OS呈线性相关,随AAPR升高,术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。结论AAPR与膀胱肿瘤患者根治性膀胱切除术后的OS成线性相关,随AAPR升高,患者术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。     

Simultaneous laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and robot-assisted radical cystectomy: Lessons learned from our initial experience

Background:In patients with high-risk bladder cancer and concomitant upper urinary tract malignancies, simultaneous cystectomy and nephroureterectomy is the principle oncological procedure of choice. Nevertheless, there are still not many reports of simultaneous robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and nephroureterectomy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes and complications of simultaneous RARC and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in our institution.Materials and methods:This case series evaluated our initial clinical results of 3 patients who underwent simultaneous laparoscopic unilateral nephroureterectomy and RARC with the da Vinci Xi system between 2019 and 2020 at our hospital. Demographic data, preoperative parameters, and postoperative parameters were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All 3 patients were men whose median age was 75 years (range 73–89 years). The median total operative time was 435 minutes (range 429–484 minutes), median estimated blood loss was 377 mL (range 125–410 mL), and median hospital stay was 26 days (range 21–36 days). In all 3 cases, each trocar was used in 7 ports. The postoperative complications were stratified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification system, and a grade 3B complication developed in 1 patient: trocar site herniation of the small bowel.Conclusions:We reported our initial experience of simultaneous laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and RARC. A large-scale prospective, randomized, controlled trial will be required to prove the feasibility and safety of simultaneous laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and RARC.     

Evaluation of laparoscopic radical cystectomy for loco-regionally advanced bladder cancer

We studied the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) in patients with loco-regionally advanced bladder cancer and report the short-term oncological outcome. This study comprised a total of 13 patients (10 males, 3 females), who presented with myriad of symptoms and on imaging they were found to have radiologically evident advanced disease (6 pelvic lymphadenopathies, 10 extravesical tumor extensions, three prostate/seminal vesical invasions). In view of recalcitrant symptoms (hematuria, frequency and irritative voiding) all patients underwent LRC and bilateral modified pelvic lymphadenectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion. Mean age of the patients was 56.3 years. Mean operative time was 310 min with an average blood loss of 556 ml. No major intra-operative complications were noted. One patient died in the post-operative period due to sepsis. Histopathology report revealed pT3b N0 in two patients; pT3b N1 in four; pT3b N2 in three; pT4a N0 in one, and pT4aN1 in three patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in nine patients. At mean follow up of 18 months (range 6–28), seven patients are alive and cancer-free, while two patients are alive with metastases. LRC provides an alternative approach for treatment of patients with loco-regionally advanced bladder cancer, who suffer from recurrent hematuria and severe irritative voiding symptoms, in whom open surgery was the standard approach hitherto. However, it should be considered experimental and should be attempted only by surgeons who have significant experience of laparoscopic pelvic surgery and advanced skills, and after discussing the potential risks and benefits with the patient.     

根治性膀胱切除术早期并发症分析及处理（附55例报告）

目的探讨根治性膀胱切除术早期并发症的发生情况及处理。方法回顾分析2010年1月至2013年12月我院根治性全膀胱切除术55例病例资料,分析术后早期并发症的发生情况及处理措施。早期定义为术后1个月内。统计学方法分析并发症发生的危险因素。结果 55例患者均成功完成手术,其中男45例,女10例。年龄39-82岁,平均（64±11）岁。平均总手术时间（含尿流改道时间）（351±82）min。平均术中输血（不含血浆）（550±450）ml。22例（40.0%）发生26种并发症,主要并发症14种（25.0%）,次要并发症12种（21.0%）。肠梗阻、切口感染和术中出血是最常见的并发症。术后平均住院时间（22±12）d。Logistic回归分析显示合并症是预测并发症的主要危险因素（P=0.031）。结论全膀胱切除术术后早期并发症发生率较高,肠梗阻、切口感染及出血是最常见并发症。合并症是并发症发生的主要危险因素。预防和有效处理全膀胱切除术并发症尤为重要。     

Minimal incisions for laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion

ObjectiveLaparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) had been used for >10 years. However, longer wound incisions for extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion decrease the benefits of a laparoscopic approach. In this study, we describe our experience of modified LRC with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion using minimal wound incisions.Materials and methodsFrom January 2011 to January 2013, 22 consecutive patients underwent radical cystectomy by a single surgeon. Seven patients underwent open radical cystectomy (ORC), and 15 patients underwent LRC with four-port incisions.ResultsThe LRC group had a significantly lower estimated blood loss (p = 0.005), lower blood transfusion rate (p = 0.004), and lower ileus rate (p = 0.031) than the ORC group. No significant differences were noted in operative time, time to flatus, pain score, overall complication rate, pathological stage, positive surgical margin rate, or lymph node yield (27.6 for LRC and 29.1 for ORC). The 1-year disease free survival rate was 86.7% in the LRC group and 71.4% in the ORC group, and the 1-year overall survival rates were both 100%.ConclusionOur experience shows that LRC with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion using minimal incisions is a safe and feasible surgical technique with less blood loss. Further reports with a longer follow-up period and large number of cases are necessary to validate our findings.     

浸润性膀胱癌腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术43例

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除的手术方法和临床体会.方法 自2003年12月至2006年10月我们对43例浸润性膀胱癌患者实施了腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术.手术采用经腹腔入路5部位穿刺法.结果 43例手术中,18例行输尿管皮肤造口术,25例行回肠膀胱术.2例因术中损伤直肠中转开腹行直肠修补术,1例术后放置肛管引流1周,另1例则行乙状结肠造瘘术.41例手术获得成功,腹腔镜下切除全膀胱连同淋巴结清扫的手术时间为140～270 min,平均195.4 min;术中出血150～700 ml,平均273.7 ml,术中术后输血3例;术后2～3 d下床活动;术后病理示3例盆腔淋巴结阳性.结论 腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全可行,能明显减小手术创伤、减少手术并发症、缩短患者恢复时间.     

Early recovery protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy

IntroductionThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program (ERAS), has become the basis of perioperative management after colorectal surgery, vascular, thoracic, and more recently the radical cystectomy. The aim of this study is to show our initial experience using an ERAS protocol.Materials and methodsA total of 47 laparoscopic radical cystectomies (LRC) were compared in this study. For retrospective data analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A included patients who underwent LRC before the ERAS protocol was implemented; and Group B included patients who underwent LRC after the ERAS protocol was implemented.ResultsHospital stay was significantly shorter (p = 0,04) in Group B with a median of 11.73 days versus 17.53 days in Group A. The paralytic ileus is the most common complication in both groups, and only two complications seem to be lower between groups; central vein catheter infection in Group A was 14.2% versus 5.2% in Group B and paralytic ileus in Group A was 35.7% versus 21.0% in Group B. There was no statistical difference between groups in the appearance of minor or major complications.ConclusionThe combination of minimally invasive surgery and an ERAS protocol is a feasible multidisciplinary challenge and is useful in the recovery of patients undergoing LRC.