经腰池恒压灌注林格氏液加侧脑室外引流治疗实验性犬脑室出血

目的验证腰池恒压灌注林格氏液加侧脑室外引流治疗脑室内出血的安全性、可行性及疗效.方法纯种比格犬10只均做成脑室内出血的模型,模型建立后4 h开始治疗,实验组5只,以2.96kPa的压力经腰池灌注林格氏液,同时行侧脑室外引流;对照组5只,用常规侧脑室外引流的方法.两组在治疗过程中均严格监测颅内压及生命体征,准确记录引流量及灌注量,经12 h治疗后处死动物并收集脑室内全部残余积血,比较两组标本的含铁血红蛋白的光密度值.结果两组动物从模型建立后至处死前生命体征平稳,颅内压波动不太.实验组的引流量明显多于对照组(P＜0.05),实验组脑内残余积血量明显少于对照组,两组有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论以2.96kPa的压力恒压灌注林格氏液于腰池内,同时行侧脑室外引流治疗脑室内出血的方法是安全可行的,该方法能更快地清除脑室内积血,更快地消除脑室内积血对脑室周围结构的刺激.     

大剂量全身照射比格狗生物效应观察

目的 :为极重度骨髓型急性放射病实验治疗提供依据 ,观察了不同剂量照射比格狗的生物效应。方法 :60 Coγ辐射源分别照射 6 .5 ,5 .5 ,5 .0 ,4.5 ,3.5 ,2 .5Gy ,照射剂量率为 7.2 2 4× 10 _2 C/(kg·min)。观察照射动物的一般临床表现、外周血细胞计数、骨髓细胞培养。结果 :所有比格狗于照射后 0 .5～ 2h均有呕吐。 6 .5Gy照射组动物于照射后第 2天出现腹泻 ,并伴有白色黏液 ,其中 3只动物出现血水样便或咖啡样便。 5 .5Gy组有个别动物出现水样便 ,而 4.5Gy以下剂量照射组动物出现一般稀便。比格狗除 2 .5Gy组有一只动物活存外 ,其余均死亡 ,各组死亡动物平均活存时间依剂量的大小分别为 5 .0 ,8.0 ,9.3,9.5 ,10 .5和 14.1d。照射后 1d骨髓造血祖细胞集落数随照射剂量的增加而明显减少。照射后外周血白细胞和血小板数最低值出现时间随照射剂量的增大而提前 ,且剂量效应关系显著。结论 :对临床症状、外周血白细胞及活存时间的分析结果表明 ,比格狗的极重度骨髓型急性放射病 (偏轻 )模型的全身照射剂量为 4.5～ 5 .0Gy。     

Evaluation of Sustained/Controlled-Release Dosage Forms of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors in Dogs and Humans

Seven sustained/controlled-release dosage forms were designed for gastrointestinal delivery of lovastatin or simvastatin, two potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The in vivo performance of these formulations was evaluated in dogs and healthy volunteers in terms of the cholesterol lowering efficacy and/or systemic concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Results from the present and previous studies suggest that, through the controlled release of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, sustained lower plasma concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may result in an equal or better therapeutic efficacy.     

丹参酮、纳络酮对缺血再灌注心肌局部血流量的影响

目的：观察丹参酮、纳络酮对缺血再灌注心肌局部血流量的影响。方法：用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法复制犬心肌缺血再灌注模型，心肌局部血流量用氢气清除法测定。结果：丹参酮、纳络酮均能明显增加正常及部分再灌注心肌血流量，丹参酮主要增加缺血周围区血流量，纳络酮可增加缺血中心区及周围区血流量。结论：丹参酮、纳络酮均能缩小缺血区范围，纳络酮还能减轻缺血程度。     

食管静脉曲张犬模型的制备及评价

目的：建立犬门脉高压症食管静脉曲张动物模型并加以评价，为下一步探索食管静脉曲张治疗方法提供可靠、稳定的模型动物。方法：通过手术方法将下腔静脉血流完全转流入门静脉系统，并分两步阻断门静脉入肝血流，造成高血流量高阻力动物模型，促进食管静脉曲张的形成。同时采用一系列的检查方法加以评估。结果：存活的12条模型动物全部形成食管静脉曲张，轻度7条，中度4条，重度1条，术后肝肾功能均正常，肝组织学结构无变化，无肝性脑病发生，无食道曲张静脉出血，无腹水形成，门脉高压性胃病达58％，结论：该方法可形成稳定的门脉高压症食管静脉曲张模型，可用于门脉高压症食管静脉曲张方面的相关研究。     

Electrophysiological mechanisms of action of ethmozine that explain its antiarrhythmic efficacy in the late stage of experimental myocardial infarction in dogs

The effects of intravenous ethmozine (3 mg. kg^–1) on electrophysiologicalparameters of ischaemically damaged myocardium and induced ventriculartachyarrhythmias were studied by programmed stimulation in 17conscious dogs with 4 to 8 day-old ligation of the left anteriordescending coronary artery. Ethmozine showed a beneficial effecton sustained ventricular tachycardia by suppressing its inducibilityin five of 14 animals or by slowing its rate in six of 14 animals.Ethmozine prolonged the ventricular effective refractory periodin normal and infarcted myocardium, and impaired depressed conductionin ischaemically damaged tissue. The latter was indicated bysignificant lengthening of late potentials recorded from theinfarction zone. The QT interval was only slightly increasedwith ethmozine. Our findings indicate an antiarrhythmic actionof ethmozine in the late stage of myocardial infarction. Majormechanisms accounting for its efficacy may predominantly beassociated with marked depression of slow conduction in theinfarction zone, as well as with prolongation of ventricularrefractoriness without significant changes of verticular repolarization.     

常规与快速扩张后狗皮肤组织形态学的研究

对常规与快速扩张后的狗皮肤进行了形态结构的观察和分析。结果显示：常规扩张后的皮肤与正常皮肤相比较，其表皮细胞间隙轻度增宽。其厚度，ＤＮＡ积分光密度及平均光密度无显著差异。     

犬纤维化肝贮脂细胞的分离、培养和鉴定

改良一种分离肝贮脂细胞（Ｉｔｏ）的方法。结扎犬胆总管，制备肝纤维化模型；用 ６０ ｇ／ Ｌ聚蔗糖校正比重为１．０７７的淋巴细胞分离液，使其比重为１．０５３，采用单层密度梯度离心法分离犬纤维化肝贮脂细胞。结果：所获得的该种细胞在３２８ ｎｍ紫外光激发下出现自发荧光，呈ｄｅｓｍｉｎ免疫组化阳性染色，电镜观察显示其胞质中有较多脂滴，细胞核形状极不规则。结论：分离所得的细胞为贮脂细胞；本工作简化了贮脂细胞的分离方法，使其既方便又经济实用，分离效率也较高。     

Comparisons of modalities of mechanical stimulation with a toothbrush on improvement of oxygen sufficiency in dog gingiva

Abstract Mechanical stimulation with a toothbrush was applied to each quadrant of 10 dogs at a force of 200 g for 10 s using following modalities: vibration at attached gingiva. pressurization at attached gingiva. vibration at marginal gingiva and no treatment as a control. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO₂) in the gingiva was measured by non-invasive tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Simultaneously, oxygen tension (PO₂) in gingival tissue was monitored with an oxygen microelectrode. Both SO₂ and PO₂ increased within 10–20 min after stimulation and then slowly returned to the initial level at all treatment sites. The response was most prominent after vibration at attached gingiva. SO₂ and PO₂ increased by 12% and 42%. respectively, and significant increase continued for 75–85 min. Response after vibration at marginal gingiva was moderate in PO₂ and transient in SO₂. Pressurization at attached gingiva caused moderate response in SO₂. but the increase in PO₂ was slight. Control showed little change in both indices. These results suggest that vibration with a toothbrush at attached gingiva may cause a maximal response in improving oxygen sufficiency to gingival tissue.     

Changes in liver blood flow after hepatectomy in conscious dogs

Hepatic circulation after hepatectomy was investigated in conscious dogs under fasting and feeding conditions. After a 40% hepatectomy, both the hepatic arterial and portal blood flow were measured simultaneously using ultrasonic transit time flowmeters. During fasting, the total hepatic blood flow (i.e., the sum of arterial and portal blood flow) changed in a biphasic pattern after hepatectomy. The first peak (517.9±42.7 ml/min; 130.1% of preoperative flow) was seen on the 1st postoperative day (POD) and the second peak (444.8±25.6 ml/min; 112.7% of preoperative flow) occurred on the 7th POD. The portal flow demonstrated the same biphasic changes as the total hepatic flow, although the hepatic arterial flow showed only the first peak. A heart rate analysis suggested that the first peak was probably due to hyperdynamic circulatory conditions, as has been previously reported. In addition, the existence of the second peak was established by the present study. The postprandial hepatic blood flow decreased during the first 2 weeks postoperatively, but exceeded the presurgical levels on PODs 21 and 28.