右美托咪定在小儿纤维支气管镜检查和肺泡灌洗中的应用

目的探讨右美托咪定应用于小儿纤维支气管镜检查和肺泡灌洗术的效果。方法将行纤维支气管镜检查和肺泡灌洗术的54例患儿随机分为右美托咪定组(Dex组)和对照组,每组27例。2组均采用全身麻醉,Dex组术前给予右美托咪定,对照组按相同方法给予生理盐水。观察2组生命体征变化,比较2组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、总蛋白含量和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的水平变化。结果Dex组血清TNF-α、肺泡灌洗液中总蛋白含量水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Dex组肺泡灌洗液中(BALF)TNF-α和IL-1β水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定应用于小儿纤维支气管镜和肺泡灌洗术,可减少肺部炎症反应,发挥肺保护作用。     

右美托咪定在老年经尿道前列腺电切术中的应用

目的 探讨右美托咪定在老年经尿道前列腺电切术中的应用价值.方法 择期腰硬膜联合麻醉下行经尿道前列腺电切术患者60例,随机分为右美托咪定组和对照组各30例,右美托咪定组于术前15 min缓慢静脉泵注负荷剂量右美托咪定0.6 μg/kg,然后以0.3 μg/(kg·h)泵注维持;对照组静脉泵注相同容量生理盐水,2组均于手术结束前10 min停止泵注.比较2组泵注药物前(T1)、泵注药物后15 min(T2)、手术15 min(T3)、手术30 min(T4)、术毕(T5)、术后30min(T6)心率、平均动脉压和Ramsay镇静评分,术后24 h寒战发生率及麻醉满意度.结果 右美托咪定组T3、T4、T5时间点心率((67.2±8.3)、(60.2±6.5)、(70.3±8.2)次/min)、平均动脉压((75.2±10.5)、(73.3±11.2)、(75.6±12.5)mm Hg)均低于对照组((79.1±11.0)、(79.6±9.8)、(75.7±8.8)次/min和(91.1±12.6)、(87.2±13.5)、(89.5±12.9)mm Hg)(P＜0.05);右美托咪定组T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时间点Ramsay镇静评分(3.1±0.5、3.8±0.6、4.1±0.5、4.2±0.5、3.5±0.3)高于对照组(2.0±0.1、1.9±0.2、1.8±0.1、1.8±0.2、2.0±0.1)(P＜0.05);右美托咪定组术后寒战发生率(10.0％)低于对照组(30.0％)(P＜0.05),麻醉满意度评分(96.36±3.21)高于对照组(90.58±4.65) (P＜0.05).结论 老年经尿道前列腺电切术中应用右美托咪定镇静效果满意,可降低术后寒战发生率,增加患者满意度.     

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼在下肢骨折患者术后静脉自控镇痛中的应用

目的：评价右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼在下肢骨折患者术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）中的应用效果。方法150例择期全麻下行下肢骨折切开复位内固定患者,美国麻醉师协会（ASA）分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,随机均等分为5组：不同剂量舒芬太尼组（S1、S2组）,舒芬太尼复合不同剂量右美托咪定组（M1、M2、M3组）。于手术结束即刻行 PCIA,均用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,首次剂量均为舒芬太尼0.1μg/ kg,静脉镇痛泵背景输注速度2 ml/ h,自控给药剂量0.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。分别于术后1（T1）、3（T2）、6（T3）、12（T4）、24（T5）和48 h（T6）各时间点,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价患者疼痛程度及 Ramsay 镇静评分评价患者镇静程度;记录患者术后48 h 内 PCIA 按压总次数及地佐辛用量;并记录术后48 h内恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制和低血压的发生情况。结果与 S1、M1组比较,S2、M2、M3组 T1~ T6 VAS 评分降低（P <0.05）,M3组 T1~ T6 Ramsay 评分升高（P <0.05）,S2、M2、M3组 PCIA 按压总次数及地佐辛消耗量均减少（ P <0.05）。M2组未出现并发症,S2组较 S1、M1、M2、M3组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制发生例数增加（P <0.05）;M2、M3组较 S1组恶心呕吐发生例数减少（P <0.05）;M3组较 M2组呼吸抑制发生例数增加（P <0.05）;M3组较 S1、S2、M1、M2组低血压发生例数增加（P <0.05）。结论2μg/ kg 舒芬太尼联合2μg/ kg 右美托咪定镇痛效果满意,副反应少,是骨科患者术后镇痛的较佳配方。     

异丙酚复合右美托咪定在老年患者逆行性胰胆管造影中的应用

目的探讨异丙酚复合右美托咪定静脉麻醉在老年患者逆行性胰胆管造影中的应用效果。方法 40例拟行逆行性胰胆管造影的老年患者,随机平均分为两组:F组采用异丙酚伍用芬太尼静脉全身麻醉,D组采用异丙酚伍用右美托咪定静脉全身麻醉。监测两组患者在不同时间点生命体征的变化,观察两组患者在麻醉过程中的不良反应及苏醒时间。结果两组在麻醉过程中血压、脉搏氧饱和度和呼吸次数均较麻醉前显著降低(P0.05),ERCP结束患者意识恢复后,D组心率较麻醉前显著降低,F组心率较麻醉前无显著变化。D组麻醉后意识恢复时间明显少于F组(P0.05),D组麻醉过程中不良反应明显少于F组(P0.05)。结论异丙酚复合右美托咪定静脉麻醉在老年患者逆行性胰胆管造影中的应用是一种安全有效的方法。     

右美托咪定自控监护麻醉对眼鼻微创手术的影响

目的观察右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼自控监护麻醉用于局部麻醉下行眼鼻微创外科手术患者的效果和安全性。方法选择60例局部麻醉下行单眼泪囊开窗引流术的患者,随机分为D组(右美托咪定),DS组(右美托咪定+舒芬太尼),MF组(咪唑安定+舒芬太尼),n=20。观察并记录术晨(T0)、入室时(T1)、局部麻醉时(T2)、手术开始后10 min(T3)、开始后20 min(T4)、开始后30 min(T5)、术后30 min(T6)的平均动脉血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、Ramsay镇静评分、鼻内窥镜术野质量评分(SESFQ)、手术时间(OT)和术中自控按压次数(CPT)。结果 3组患者T1时点MAP、HR均高于T0时点(P0.05),DS组患者T2、T3、T4、T5和T6时点的MAP、HR低于T0时点(P0.05),且低于D组和MS组同时间点的MAP、HR(P0.05),D组患者T3、T4、T5和T6时点的MAP低于MS组同时点的MAB(P0.05),且T3、T4点的MAP低于D组其他时点(P0.05),MS组患者T5和T6时点的HR、MAP明显高于T2、T3、T4时点(P0.01);MS组患者T2、T3、T4、T5和T6时点的RR低于T1时点及D、DS组同时点的RR(P0.05),PETCO2高于T1时点及D、DS组同时点的PETCO2(P0.05),MS组T2、T3和T4时点的Ramsay评分均大于D组、DS组同时点的Ramsay评分(P0.05),T5和T6时点的Ramsay评分均明显小于D组、DS组同时点的Ramsay评分(P0.01);DS组患者的CPT和SESFQ均明显少于D、MS组(P0.01),而D组的SESFQ评分低于MS组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼自控输注较自控输注右美托咪定或咪唑安定复合舒芬太尼单次给药可更快、更有效地发挥镇静、镇痛、降低血压效应,提供良好的手术视野、缩短手术时间,且对患者呼吸功能影响甚微。     

Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction in the Isolated Endothelium-Denuded Rat Aorta Involves PKC-δ-mediated JNK Phosphorylation

Vasoconstriction mediated by the highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine leads to transiently increased blood pressure and severe hypertension. The dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves the protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated pathway. However, the main PKC isoform involved in the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction remains unknown. The goal of this in vitro study was to examine the specific PKC isoform that contributes to the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the isolated rat aorta. The endothelium-denuded rat aorta was suspended for isometric tension recording. Dexmedetomidine dose-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following inhibitors: the pan-PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine; the PKC-α and -β inhibitor, Go6976; the PKC-α inhibitor, safingol; the PKC-β inhibitor, ruboxistaurin; the PKC-δ inhibitor, rottlerin; the c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125; and the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, ML-7 hydrochloride. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effect of rottlerin on dexmedetomidine-induced PKC-δ expression and JNK phosphorylation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on PKC-δ expression in VSMCs transfected with PKC-δ small interfering RNA (siRNA) or control siRNA. Chelerythrine as well as SP600125 and ML-7 hydrochloride attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Go6976, safingol, and ruboxistaurin had no effect on the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, whereas rottlerin inhibited the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Dexmedetomidine induced PKC-δ expression, whereas rottlerin and PKC-δ siRNA transfection inhibited dexmedetomidine-induced PKC-δ expression. Dexmedetomidine also induced JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by rottlerin. Taken together, these results suggest that the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves PKC-δ-dependent JNK phosphorylation in the isolated rat aorta.     

七氟烷复合右美托咪定对高龄患者开胸术后早期认知功能的影响

目的:探讨七氟烷复合右美托咪定对老年患者开胸术后早期认知功能的影响. 方法:选取本院2012年3月至2014年4月收治的择期行肺叶切除术的老年患者54例,随机分为实验组和对照组各27例,两组采取相同的诱导方法,此外实验组于麻醉诱导前给予0.5μg/kg 右美托咪定泵注15min,麻醉诱导后继续泵注右美托咪定0.5μg· kg-1 · h-1 ,同时持续吸入1%~3.0%七氟烷维持麻醉直至手术结束前约30min. 而对照组采取TCI泵入丙泊酚0.1mg· kg-1 · h-1. 观察两组术中及术后的生命体征指标、术中麻醉剂的用量、术后苏醒指标、术后不良反应发生情况并进行术后认知功能及相关的血清标志物的浓度的测定. 结果:术中麻醉剂用量实验组明显低于对照组的用量( P<0.05) ,实验组与对照组相比老年患者开胸术后早期认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),术后12h血清S-100β蛋白、细胞因子IL-6及 TNF-α含量实验组均明显低于对照组( P<0.05) ,术中及恢复期低血压和心动过缓发生率实验组明显高于对照组( P<0.05). 结论:七氟烷复合右美托咪定能够显著降低老年患者开胸术后POCD的发生,但该组合可能具有降低血压及致心动过缓的副作用,使用时需谨慎.     

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Sevoflurane Requirements and Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery

Purpose

Dexmedetomidine, a potent selective α2-adrenergic agonist, produces sedation and analgesia. This study was conducted to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on sevoflurane requirements, recovery profiles, and emergence agitation in children undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Materials and Methods

Forty children undergoing ambulatory hernioplasty or orchiopexy were randomized into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (Group D, n=20) received dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg, followed by 0.1 µg/kg/h until the end of surgery, whereas the saline group (Group S, n=20) received volume-matched normal saline. Sevoflurane was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and caudal block was performed in all children. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ET-sevo), the incidence of emergence agitation, pain scores, and sedation scores were recorded. Hemodynamic changes and other adverse effects were assessed in the perioperative period.

Results

ET-sevo of Group D was significantly reduced in 23.8-67% compared to Group S during surgery. The incidence of emergence agitation was lower in Group D than in Group S (5% vs. 55%, p=0.001). Postoperative pain was comparable, and discharge time was not different between the groups. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in Group D during surgery.

Conclusion

Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduced sevoflurane requirements and decreased emergence agitation without delaying discharge in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. However, caution should be taken in regard to bradycardia and hypotension.