绵羊棉籽饼中毒的临床诊治报告

新疆在全国来说是最大的生产棉花基地。又是畜牧业基地之一。棉花是主要的经济作物之一。其副产品棉籽饼和棉籽壳富含蛋白质和磷．是畜牧业中蛋白质的来源。但是棉籽饼中的有毒成分一棉酚制约着它的利用率。主要因农牧民单一饲喂未加工脱毒处理的棉籽饼和棉籽壳．因此不断的发生着畜禽的中毒。动物对棉酚的敏感性不一样．猪、禽、羔羊和犊牛对棉酚最敏感．其次是反刍家畜。本文中主要介绍在新疆某一地区绵羊棉籽饼中毒的发病过程、绵羊中出现的临床症状、诊断方法、治疗方法以及预防方面的内容。     

压力蒸汽灭菌隐性湿包的影响因素及控制措施

目的研究压力蒸汽灭菌隐性湿包的影响因素及控制措施,确保无菌物品的质量。方法采用目测和触摸方法,对不同组合包装器械包和改变冷却时间等措施影响湿包的结果进行观察。结果压力蒸汽灭菌医疗器械采用棉布包装干燥速度较慢,将棉布包装器械包置于器械盘内会降低干燥速度,医用皱纹纸包装方法干燥速度最快。灭菌后延长干燥时间,包内干燥速度没有变化。结论压力蒸汽灭菌器内棉布包装的器械包不易干燥,皱纹纸包装干燥速度最快,延长灭菌器干燥时间不是最好的方法,因此器械包干燥速度与包装材料直接相关。     

不同消毒工具对气管切开伤口的影响

目的观察2种不同消毒工具对气管切开处伤口感染的影响。方法将50例行气管切开术的患者采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组与实验组各25例。实验组选用一种长20cm的无菌棉签对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药;对照组选用常规纱球对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药。观察两组患者气管切开伤口周围皮肤局部改变情况,计算伤口感染率。结果实验组患者气管切开伤口未发生感染,对照组患者气管切开伤口感染发生率为16．0％,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（x2=3．170,P〈0．05）。结论用灭菌的长棉签对气管切开伤口周围皮肤进行消毒换药可以降低伤口感染率,且便于护理人员操作,值得临床推广使用。     

Intercontinental differences in resource use reveal the importance of mutualisms in fire ant invasions

Mutualisms play key roles in the functioning of ecosystems. However, reciprocally beneficial interactions that involve introduced species also can enhance invasion success and in doing so compromise ecosystem integrity. For example, the growth and competitive ability of introduced plant species can increase when fungal or microbial associates provide limiting nutrients. Mutualisms also may aid animal invasions, but how such systems may promote invasion success has received relatively little attention. Here we examine how access to food-for-protection mutualisms involving the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) aids the success of this prominent invader. Intense interspecific competition in its native Argentina constrained the ability of S. invicta to benefit from honeydew-producing Hemiptera (and other accessible sources of carbohydrates), whereas S. invicta dominated these resources in its introduced range in the United States. Consistent with this strong pattern, nitrogen isotopic data revealed that fire ants from populations in the United States occupy a lower trophic position than fire ants from Argentina. Laboratory and field experiments demonstrated that honeydew elevated colony growth, a crucial determinant of competitive performance, even when insect prey were not limiting. Carbohydrates, obtained largely through mutualistic partnerships with other organisms, thus represent critical resources that may aid the success of this widespread invasive species. These results illustrate the potential for mutualistic interactions to play a fundamental role in the establishment and spread of animal invasions.     

Chronic Lung Function Decline in Cotton Textile Workers: Roles of Historical and Recent Exposures to Endotoxin

Background

Long-term occupational exposure to cotton dust that contains endotoxin is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms and excessive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV₁), but the mechanisms of endotoxin-related chronic airflow obstruction remain unclear.

Objective

In the current study, we examined temporal aspects of the exposure–response relationship between airborne endotoxin exposure, longitudinal change in FEV₁, and respiratory symptoms in a cohort of Chinese cotton textile workers.

Methods

This prospective cohort study followed 447 cotton textile workers from 1981 to 2006.at approximately 5-year intervals. We used a generalized estimating equations approach to model FEV₁ level and respiratory symptoms as a function of past exposure (cumulative exposure up to the start of the most recent 5-year survey interval) and cumulative exposure (within the most recent interval) to endotoxins, after adjusting for other covariates. Models were stratified by active versus retired work status and by years employed before the baseline survey (< 5 and ≥ 5 years).

Results and conclusions

Past exposure to endotoxin was associated with reduced FEV₁ level among retired cotton workers. Among all cotton workers, past exposure was more strongly associated with reduced FEV₁ for those hired < 5 years before baseline than for those who were hired ≥ 5 years after baseline. Recent endotoxin exposure was significantly associated with byssinosis, chronic bronchitis, and chronic cough.     

The Influence of Iron Ions on Optical Brighteners and Their Application to Cotton Fabrics

The influence of iron ions at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L on optical brighteners of the groups stilbene and biphenyl in solution and on cotton fabric was investigated. Both groups of optical brighteners are intended for detergent formulations. The influence of iron ions was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectra in solution and by whiteness degree, identifying color differences using CIEL*a*b* coordinates and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of cotton fabrics. The obtained results in solutions and cotton fabrics showed different behavior of optical brighteners stilbene and biphenyl in the presence of iron. Stilbene compounds with metal ions produced new species capable of absorbing in the UV-B region of the spectrum. A biphenyl compound in combination with iron had no effect on the absorption properties. Both optical brighteners were influenced by iron ions in the sense of fluorescence quenching. The influence of iron ions in single- and two-bath treatments of cotton fabrics after one cycle on whiteness degree and UPF was negligible.     

瘤果黑种草子总黄酮抗炎及平喘作用

目的：观察瘤果黑种草子总黄酮（TFNG）的抗炎及平喘作用。方法：选择昆明种小鼠、SD大鼠及健康豚鼠为实验动物,随机分为生理盐水组、阳性药对照组、TFNG低、高剂量组（小鼠100,400 mg·kg^-1,大鼠71.5,286 mg·kg^-1）。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳 廓肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿实验观察总黄酮抗炎作用;采用整体动物小鼠喷雾致喘实验、离体豚鼠肺支气管灌流实验及离体回肠实验考察总黄酮的平喘作用。结果：TFNG 100,400 mg·kg^-1可明显抑制小鼠二甲苯所致的耳廓肿胀度,TFNG 71.5,286 mg·kg^-1可抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿（P<0.01）;TFNG 100,400 mg·kg^-1可明显延长小鼠哮喘反应的潜伏期（P<0.01）;TFNG 3,6,12 g·L^-1可明显增加豚鼠肺灌流量,降低豚鼠回肠平滑肌收缩张力（P<0.01）。结论：瘤果黑种草子总黄酮具有一定的抗炎及平喘作用。     

Phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones, strong sensitizers found in yellow sweaters bleached with sodium hypochlorite, defined as causative allergens for contact dermatitis by an experimental screening method in animals

12 young men developed allergic contact dermatitis from wearing yellow cotton sweaters. We attempted to identify the causative agents by an experimental screening method in animals. Guinea pigs were sensitized with an acetone extract of the sweater material, by means of the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Active ingredients were then separated from the extract, by step-by-step patch test screening of chromatographic fractions in the guinea pigs, and finally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although there were 2 allergens with important activity (1 in the fraction eluted from the silica gel column with hexane, and 1 in the methanol fraction), the present study is focussed on the fat-soluble allergens in the hexane fraction. GC-MS analysis revealed that 4 kinds of phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones (PCPHs) were present in the hexane fraction. PCPHs prepared in our laboratory showed strong eliciting activities, not only in the guinea pigs sensitized with the extract, but also in a male volunteer sensitized by exposure to a yellow sweater during irritancy testing. Phosgene (2,5-dichlorophenyl)hydrazone, which was the main component among the PCPHs found in the sweater, sensitized guinea pigs even at the 1 ppm level. From these results, we conclude that PCPHs were one of the allergens responsible for the cases.     

脑卒中病人采用妇科棉枝进行口腔护理的效果观察

[目的]观察脑卒中病人采用妇科棉枝进行口腔护理的效果。[方法]选择100例具有口腔护理适应证的脑卒中住院病人,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例,对照组采用传统口腔护理方法,观察组采用妇科棉枝进行口腔护理。观察并比较两组病人的口腔护理效果及护士劳累程度。[结果]观察组病人口腔清洁评分明显高于对照组（P＆lt;0.05）;观察组护士劳累程度明显低于对照组（P＆lt;0.05）;两组病人口腔护理后口腔黏膜、牙龈出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。[结论]脑卒中病人采用妇科棉枝进行口腔护理效果明显。