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41.
BackgroundRural populations face many health disadvantages compared to urban areas. There is a critical need to better understand the current lung cancer screening landscape in these communities to identify targeted areas to improve the impact of this proven tool.MethodsData from the County Health Rankings of New Hampshire and Vermont was reviewed for population density, distribution of adult smokers, and level of education compared to the distribution of Lung Cancer Screening Facilities throughout these two states.ResultsScreening programs in southern counties of Vermont with lower levels of education have decreased access. In New Hampshire, there are no programs within 30 miles of the areas with the largest distribution of smokers, and decreased access in some areas with the lowest levels of education.ConclusionsImproving equitable access to high-quality screening services in rural regions and the creation of targeted interventions to address decreased access in areas of high tobacco use and low education is vital to decreasing the incidence of latestage presentations of lung cancer within these populations.  相似文献   
42.
目的采用Meta分析方法评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(18F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中18F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇18F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于18F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,18F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。  相似文献   
43.

Background

The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess whether a diagnostic strategy based on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is superior to functional stress testing in reducing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes (CV death or myocardial infarction [MI]) among symptomatic patients with diabetes.

Methods

PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) was a randomized trial evaluating an initial strategy of CTA versus functional testing in stable outpatients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. The study compared CV outcomes in patients with diabetes (n = 1,908 [21%]) and without diabetes (n = 7,058 [79%]) based on their randomization to CTA or functional testing.

Results

Patients with diabetes (vs. without) were similar in age (median 61 years vs. 60 years) and sex (female 54% vs. 52%) but had a greater burden of CV comorbidities. Patients with diabetes who underwent CTA had a lower risk of CV death/MI compared with functional stress testing (CTA: 1.1% [10 of 936] vs. stress testing: 2.6% [25 of 972]; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.79; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in nondiabetic patients (CTA: 1.4% [50 of 3,564] vs. stress testing: 1.3% [45 of 3,494]; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.54; p = 0.887; interaction term for diabetes p value = 0.02).

Conclusions

In diabetic patients presenting with stable chest pain, a CTA strategy resulted in fewer adverse CV outcomes than a functional testing strategy. CTA may be considered as the initial diagnostic strategy in this subgroup. (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550)  相似文献   
44.
45.
Invasive coronary plaque imaging such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography has been widely used to observe culprit or non-culprit coronary atherosclerosis, as well as optimize stent sizing, apposition and deployment. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is non-invasively available to assess coronary artery disease (CAD) and has become an appropriate strategy to evaluate patients with suspected CAD. Given recent technologies, semi-automated plaque software is available to identify coronary plaque stenosis, volume and characteristics and potentially allows to be used for the assessment of more details of plaque information, progression and future risk as a surrogate tool of the invasive imaging modalities. This review article aims to focus on various evidence in coronary plaque imaging by coronary CTA and describes how accurate coronary CTA can classify coronary atherosclerosis.  相似文献   
46.
目的评估非那雄胺治疗慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)的有效性及安全性。方法选取2017年3月至2019年6月在本院确诊的慢性CSC患者31例40眼,采用单臂试验对患者进行非那雄胺治疗。使用非那雄胺治疗后6个月,对患者的视网膜神经上皮层(retinal neuroepithelial layer,RNL)下积液状况,ETDRS视力以及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT)进行检查。结果非那雄胺治疗后1个月,有10眼(25.0%)RNL下积液完全消退。持续治疗2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别有7眼(17.5%)、6眼(15.0%)、7眼(17.5%)、3眼(7.5%)及3眼(7.5%)RNL下积液消退,仅有4眼(10.0%)在治疗后6个月RNL下积液仍存在。患眼EDTRS视力非那雄胺治疗后1个月为(50.00±16.11)个字母,与治疗前(46.16±16.67)个字母差异无统计学意义(P=0.2213);治疗后2个月(53.39±14.67)个字母,较治疗前显著升高(P=0.0003);治疗后3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别为(57.39±12.76)个字母、(58.52±12.39)个字母、(59.13±10.76)个字母及(60.42±10.96)个字母,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.0001)。而患眼CFT自治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月分别为(274.10±22.74)μm、(273.00±17.22)μm、(263.50±12.81)μm、(263.90±10.62)μm、(259.70±12.48)μm及(252.60±11.00)μm,与治疗前(296.60±35.41)μm相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。所有患者均无服药后身体不适或并发症发生。结论非那雄胺对于慢性CSC的治疗安全且有效,有望成为慢性CSC的治疗选择。  相似文献   
47.
电阻抗断层成像技术(electrical impedance tomography,EIT)作为一项新兴的功能性成像技术,具有无损伤、便携、图像监护等突出特点。肺功能成像是目前EIT最主要的应用领域,可以实现实时动态监测肺通气及血流灌注。本文对肺EIT在儿童呼吸系统疾病及其诊疗过程中的应用基础及临床研究进展进行总结,为未来EIT技术在儿科临床急救领域的推广应用提供帮助。  相似文献   
48.
患者男,22岁,无明显诱因咳嗽、痰中带血1周,起初干咳,后咳痰并痰中带血,偶咯出少量暗红色血液;无发热、盗汗、乏力,无胸闷、胸痛及呼吸困难,平素体健,无家族病史。查体:双肺呼吸音稍粗,右肺下叶闻及细湿啰音。胸部增强CT:右肺下叶基底段见片状磨玻璃影,内见直径约8mm粗大供血动脉自腹腔干发出;支气管树分支及肺发育正常,未见隔离肺(图1A^1C)。肺动脉CTA示右下肺基底段动脉部分缺如(图1D),考虑为右下肺异常体动脉供血并周围肺组织肺泡出血可能。  相似文献   
49.
BACKGROUNDNasolacrimal duct obstruction leading to epiphora is a common ophthalmologic complaint, and it may derive from amyloidosis in rare cases. There are a few reports about localized amyloidosis, and amyloidosis with involvement and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is exceedingly rare. CASE SUMMARYA 54-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of a lump overlying the left lacrimal sac that had grown rapidly for nearly half a year. Physical examination touched a firm lump in the left lacrimal sac. Nasal endoscopy discovered lesions in appearance of sediments with easy bleeding at the entry of the nasolacrimal duct of the left inferior nasal meatus. Computerized tomography scan revealed speckle high density in the left lacrimal sac and the dilated nasolacrimal duct. During an endoscopic exploration and excision, a large number of dacryoliths were exposed. Pathology indicated amorphous pink material and multinucleated giant cell reaction in the fibrous tissue.CONCLUSIONThis case showed amyloidosis in localized form mimicking dacryolith with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In clinical practice, we should be aware of the possibility of localized amyloidosis in the nasolacrimal excretory system.  相似文献   
50.
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