几种常用烧伤外用制剂对感染防治的实验观察

目的研究几种常用的烧伤外用制剂的抑菌作用。方法分别在灰尘污染的动物烧伤创面、烧伤肉芽创面应用几种烧伤外用药,通过组织细菌定量培养,比较各制剂的抑菌效果。结果10%聚维酮碘软膏能有效抑制细菌生长,而0.5%聚维酮碘溶液、10%磺胺嘧啶银混悬液效果欠佳。结论10%聚维酮碘软膏是一种良好的烧伤外用药。     

一种银离子过氧化氢手消毒液消毒性能的研究

摘要〓目的〓研究一种银离子过氧化氢手消毒液的消毒性能及安全性。方法〓采用悬液定量杀菌试验和动物试验方法,对该消毒液杀灭微生物的效果和安全性进行观察。结果〓该消毒液中银离子含量为100 mg/L，过氧化氢含量为质量分数0.752%。以该消毒液原液作用0.5 min,对悬液内金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭对数值均＞5.00,对悬液内白色念珠菌的杀灭对数值＞4.00,对流感病毒、副流感病毒及新城疫病毒有明显的灭活作用。以该消毒液原液作擦拭消毒作用1 min,对手上自然菌的杀灭对数值＞1.00。该消毒液小鼠急性经口毒性试验LD50＞5 000 mg/(kg·bw)|其原液对家兔完整皮肤刺激指数为0,对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞无致微核作用。结论〓该手消毒液能快速杀灭细菌繁殖体、真菌和病毒,属于无毒级物质。     

腰部银质针针刺与下肢微循环变化的研究

目的　探讨腰部银质针针刺疗法对改善下肢微循环的疗效。方法　将 92例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为银质针针刺疗法治疗组 (4 1例 )和常规疗法治疗组 (4 1例 ) ,治疗前及治疗后 1 4d ,下肢甲皱微循环的输入枝管径、输出枝管径、输入 /输出枝管径、流速等各项指标的变化情况 ,研究银质针针刺疗法在治疗下肢发凉病症方面的治疗作用。结果　银质针针刺疗法组 1 4d后 ,患者下肢甲皱微循环比常规治疗组改善显著P <0 .0 5。结论　腰部银质针针刺疗法对改善下肢微循环较常规温热治疗效果好 ,且疗效稳定     

Urinary protein fraction in healthy subjects using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis followed by colloidal silver staining

We previously reported a rapid and highly sensitive colloidal silver staining solution suitable for the cellulose acetate membrane. This method was useful for detecting even very small amounts of urinary protein. In the present study, we examined urinary protein fractions in healthy subjects, using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (CAE) with a highly sensitive colloidal silver staining, in an attempt to determine the clinical relevance of urinary protein fractions. Sixty unconcentrated spot urine specimens were analyzed by CAE and calculated by densitometry. All of the samples were separated into five fractions by CAE. The mean +/- 1 SD of the percentage of five fractions was 28.37 +/- 8.51 in albumin, 4.30 +/- 4.19 in alpha1-globulin, 14.41 +/- 6.14 in alpha2-globulin, 19.45 +/- 7.10 in beta-globulin, and 33.46 +/- 8.24 in gamma-globulin. The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was 0.41 +/- 0.17. These six items and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) did not significantly differ between males and females. NAG is the marker of tubulointerstitial nephropathy. The results suggest that there are no gender-dependent differences in the urinary protein fractions of healthy subjects.     

The Effects of Octylcyanoacrylate on Scarring after Burns

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of octylcyanoacrylate (OCA), silver sulfadiazine (SSD), polyurethane film (PU), and dry gauze (G) on scarring three months after partial-thickness burns. METHODS: This was a prospective, blinded, controlled experimental trial using isoflurane-anesthetized swine. Standardized partial-thickness burns were inflicted by applying an aluminum bar preheated to 80 degrees C to the backs and flanks of a young pig for 20 seconds. Four equal sets of ten burns each were randomly treated with OCA spray, SSD, PU, or G. Dressing changes were performed on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 after injury. Digital images of the burns were obtained immediately and three months later for masked computerized determination of scar surface area. Full-thickness biopsies were taken at three months for masked histopathological evaluation. The primary outcome was the percent reduction in residual wound area (RWA) calculated by subtracting the area of each individual burn from the area of the largest burn and dividing this value by the area of the largest burn (intraobserver correlation, r = 0.99). Secondary outcomes were the proportion of burns with the presence of scar tissue (abnormal collagen under polarized light; intraobserver agreement, kappa = 0.93) and the cosmetic appearance on a 100-mm visual analog scale marked "best scar" at the high end (inter-observer correlation, r = 0.82). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi(2) tests were used for group comparisons as appropriate. This study had 80% power to detect a 33-percentage-point difference in RWA among groups (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 40 burns were inflicted on the pig. There was no difference in percent RWA across the groups (OCA = 25%, SSD = 40%, PU = 25%, G = 32%; p = 0.13). There was no difference in the proportion of wounds with scarring among the groups (OCA = 10%, SSD = 22%, PU = 2%, G = 30%; p = 0.89). There was also no difference in the cosmetic scores among the groups (OCA = 78 mm, SSD = 75 mm, PU = 74 mm, G = 74 mm; p = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of OCA spray, SSD, PU, and dry gauze on scarring three months after burns in pigs are similar.     

A 2000 patient retrospective assessment of a new strategy for burn wound management in view of infection prevention and treatment

Infections in burn patients are still the principal cause of complications in burn injuries. The aim of this study is to assess a new strategy for burn wound management in view of infection prevention and treatment in the experience of the Burn Treatment Center in Siemianowice Śląskie. The applied methodology involved the analysis of patient records describing the hospital''s epidemiological situation between 2014 and 2016. The analysis also included the use and cost of antibiotics, silver‐containing dressings, and other antiseptics relative to the number of sepsis cases, including those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the mortality ratio. The total costs of prevention and treatment of infections were reduced, while the use of silver‐containing dressings and antiseptics increased. The number of patients with sepsis decreased, including cases caused by P. aeruginosa, and the mortality ratio was reduced. Introducing a strategy for burn wound‐oriented infection prevention and treatment in burn patients provides a number of benefits. It is also cost‐effective. Using locally applied active dressings and antiseptics can be a welcome choice for often‐unnecessary antibiotic therapy of a suspected or existing burn wound infection.     

Examination of the molecular diversity of alpha1 antitrypsin in urine: deficit of an alpha1 globulin fraction on cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis

In the clinical field of nephrology, a noninvasive approach employing the analysis of electrophoretic patterns in urinary protein has been established. In this study a total of 52 urine samples with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN), and other types of GN were analyzed. Patients with high alpha1 globulin (alpha1G) fractions, which contained alpha1AT in cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (CAE), tended to have alpha1 antitrypsin (alpha1AT) of normal molecular weight (57 kDa and 49 kDa), while patients with a deficit alpha1G fraction tended to have alpha1AT of low molecular weight (<49 kDa) (P < 0.01). The alpha1G fraction was significantly higher in patients with IgAN, and there were significantly more patients with normal molecular weight alpha1AT compared to patients with other diseases (P < 0.01). The isoelectric point of alpha1AT with lower-weight molecules was more on the alkali side compared to higher-weight molecules in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Detecting changes in alpha1G fractions in CAE may support the differential diagnosis of IgAN from other types of GN.     

In vivo potentiostatic studies at the electrode tissue interface: filter properties of the monophasic action potential (Ag/AgCl) electrode in living rat heart

The monophasic action potential (Franz) catheter is regarded as the criterion standard for high fidelity recording of a class of physiological signals. However, its signal modulation characteristics have never been reported. Broadband impedance spectroscopy was performed in perfused living rat heart in a three-electrode potentiostatic configuration to determine the filtering characteristics of the MAP and model Ag/AgCl electrode-tissue interfaces. The filter transfer function H(f) (attenuation [dB] vs log(f) [log(Hz)]) was derived for the frequency range 10 Hz-10(6) Hz. As a filter, the MAP interface is characterized by two ranges of filtering behavior. At high frequency the MAP interface is a high-pass filter with passband frequency 54 kHz-549 kHz (median 321 kHz) and with -3 dB cutoff points ranging from 10 kHz to 302 kHz. In this high frequency range the transfer function is characterized by decreasing attenuation per decade. However, in the lower frequency range relevant to physiological signals (the monophasic action potential, 0.1-40 Hz), it is a severely attenuating nondiodic high-pass filter element with an average attenuation of 16.87 dB relative to passband. In this physiological range, rolloff is nonlinear with increasing attenuation per decade. While the MAP electrode and model Ag/AgCl electrodes are high-pass filters with robust transfer functions for high frequency signals in the living heart, the attenuation of signals in a frequency range relevant to in vivo physiological recording imparts extreme attenuation that may distort physiological signals unpredictably. This disadvantage may be mitigated by amplitude scaling to a calibrated pure tone signal within the physiological frequency band to recover a reproducible signal.     

表面增强拉曼光谱与卷积神经网络用于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 的快速检测

目的 建立一种联合表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）与卷积神经网络（CNN）的方法，用于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）的准确鉴定。方法 合成带正电的纳米银颗粒（AgNPs⁺）作为SERS基底，测量MRSA和MSSA的SERS指纹谱并制作数据集，构建浅层一维CNN网络并在该数据上训练生成MRSA/MSSA二分类模型。结果 合成的AgNPs⁺能够通过静电引力紧密地吸附在细菌菌体表面并产生显著的SERS效应，在654、731 cm^-1等7个波段均有明显的拉曼峰被增强出。提出的SERS-CNN方法用于MRSA和MSSA检测的准确率超过94.5%,重现性小于5%,检测灵敏度达到10² cells/mL。结论 建立的联合SERS与CNN的方法可用于MRSA的准确检测。     

Evaluation of the penetration of nanocrystalline silver through various wound dressing mediums: An in vitro study

Background

The nanocrystalline silver (NCS) dressing Acticoat is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of burns and other open wounds as a topical antimicrobial. The dressing may dry resulting in traumatic dressing changes; hence the variety of contact layer dressings used in conjunction with it. Dressing combinations that do not permit NCS penetration are not cost effective and deprives the wound of the needed anti-microbial.