阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗HBV-YMDD变异的研究

目的比较阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定和单用阿德福韦酯治疗YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法将112例在拉米夫定治疗过程中出现YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为两组(各56例),治疗组:继续接受拉米夫定100mg·d-1治疗,全程联合阿德福韦酯10 mg·d-1;对照组:拉米夫定100 mg·d-1和阿德福韦酯10 mg·d-1联合治疗12周后单用阿德福韦酯10 mg·d-1,疗程96周。结果两组患者治疗后ALT、AST水平均较治疗前显著改善(P0.05);治疗组治疗48周,96周时肝功能ALT、AST改善优于对照组(P0.05);HBV DNA转阴率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论阿德福韦酯对YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者有良好的疗效和安全性,联合拉米夫定临床疗效更显著。     

Characteristics of adefovir resistance in patients with or without lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus treated with adefovir: a 4‐year experience

Background/Aim: We investigated the 4‐year incidence and predictors of adefovir resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients with or without lamivudine (LAM)‐resistance treated with adefovir dipivoxil with or without short‐term LAM overlapping. Methods: One hundred and two LAM‐resistant patients and 79 without LAM resistance (36 naïve and 43 prior LAM exposure) treated with adefovir for >12 months were prospectively examined. Results: Cumulative incidences of adefovir resistance at month 12, 24, 36 and 48 were 3.9, 21.1, 31.8 and 43% respectively in LAM‐resistant patients. Cirrhosis was a significant risk factor for adefovir resistance. A similar rate of adefovir resistance was observed for LAM‐resistant patients and those with prior LAM exposure without resistance. Regarding LAM‐resistant patients, compared with those having hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels <300 copies/ml, patients having HBV DNA levels >10⁴ copies/ml at week 24 of therapy had a hazard ratio (HR) of 9.8 for adefovir resistance development, while those without LAM resistance having the same HBV DNA levels at week 48 had a similar HR (9.5). Multidrug‐resistant (LAM+adefovir) variants were detected by direct sequencing in three of 35 LAM‐resistant patients treated with a switch to adefovir. Two of them had resistant mutations to both drugs on the same viral genome as determined by molecular cloning and sequencing. Conclusion: The incidence of adefovir resistance was high in LAM‐resistant patients treated with sequential adefovir. High HBV DNA levels at week 24 and 48 of therapy were the strongest predictors for adefovir resistance development in patients with and without LAM resistance respectively.     

Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus genotype with spontaneous YMDD mutations

AIM: To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype with spontaneous YMDD mu-tations and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV-related cirrhosis. METHODS: We investigated 264 liver cirrhosis pa-tients who were not treated with antiviral drugs, in-cluding 81 patients with HCC. YMDD mutations were detected by fluorescent hybridization bioprobe poly-merase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve assay using the Diagnosis Kit for HBV YMDD Mutation. Serum HBV genotypes were detected by real-time PCR using genotype-specific TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed according to data type using the t test, χ2 test and unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the HCC group, genotype C strains, spon-taneous YMDD mutations, and genotype C strains with YMDD mutations were detected in 33 (40.74%), 13 (16.05%) and 11 (13.58%) patients, respectively. In the liver cirrhosis (LC) group, HBV genotype C strains,spontaneous YMDD mutations, and genotype C strains with YMDD mutations were detected in 33 (18.03%), 7 (3.83%) and 2 (1.09%) patients, respectively. The dif-ferences in genotype C strains, spontaneous YMDD mu-tations, and genotype C strains with YMDD mutations between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2=15.441, P=0.000; χ2=11.983, P=0.001; P=0.000). In the HCC and LC groups, there were seven patients infected by genotype B strains with YMDD mutations and 13 by genotype C strains with YMDD mutations. Further research revealed that HCC oc-curred in 2 patients infected by genotype B strains with YMDD mutations and 11 infected by genotype C strains with YMDD mutations. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). Unconditional logistic regres-sion analysis revealed that patients infected by geno-type C strains with spontaneous YMDD mutations had a 7.775-fold higher risk for the development of HBV-related HCC than patients infected by other type HBV strains (P=0.013, 95%CI: 1.540-39.264). CONCLUSION: Genotype C strains with spontaneous YMDD mutations ar     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎发生病毒学反弹患者YMDD变异分析

选取402例服用拉米夫定后出现乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA反弹的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清样品,应用荧光PCR法定性检测YMDD变异情况。402例中有309例(76.87%)检测出YMDD变异,其中120例为YVDD变异,74例为YIDD变异,115例为YVDD+YIDD联合变异;309例YMDD变异患者中同时检测出变异株与野生株占69.26%(214/309),仅检测出变异株占30.74%(95/309)。另外,93例为YMDD野生型阳性。     

YMDD变异受体肝移植术后乙型肝炎病毒再感染的预防

目的 探讨YMDD变异受体肝移植术后乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)再感染的预防方法.方法 2004年3月～2006年5月本中心20例术前合并YMDD变异的肝移植受体给予口服阿德福韦酯(ADV)联合肌肉注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)作为预防方案,持续监测术前及术后的移植肝功能、血清HBV标志物、HBV-DNA定量、血肌酐等.结果 患者术后平均随访33.5个月,除1例死于肝癌复发外,其余患者均存活.术前HBV-DNA≥106copies/m1患者YMDD变异率为12.4%,HBV-DNA<106copies/ml患者为2.5%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).95.0%(19/20)的患者于肝移植术后4周内HBV-DNA转阴性,5.0%(1/20)于术后6个月转阴性.此后长期复查HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA均阴性.所有患者均未出现HBV再感染.1例患者在服用ADV 1年后出现血肌酐水平持续增高.结论 应用ADV可有效预防YMDD变异受体肝移植术后HBV再感染.ADV有较低的肾毒性,用药期间仍需定期监测肾功能.     

恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型病毒YMDD自然变异临床疗效

目的观察恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒YMDD自然变异临床疗效疗效和安全性。方法选择YMDD自然变异患者65例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组予拉米夫定100mg／d口服治疗、治疗组予恩替卡韦1mg／d口服治疗,疗程48周。结果对照组患者在前12周ALT和HBVDNA水平下降显著下降,但在24周后有所反弹;B组在第4周时,ALT升高明显,此后呈下降趋势,在治疗48周后ALT水平和HBVDNA水平与A组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,ALT复常率、HBVDNA转阴率与A组比较具有差异（P〈0．05）。结论恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型病毒YMDD自然变异患者具有良好的疗效和安全性。     

191例慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒YMDD突变型核酸检测结果及分析

目的 慢性乙型肝炎患者服用拉米夫定后其乙型肝炎病毒YMDD的变异结果分析。方法采用FQ-PCR技术检测临床血清或血浆样本中的乙型肝炎病毒DNA,并同时确定其基因为野生型（YMDD）或耐药突变型（YVDD／YIDD）。结果191例慢性肝炎患者中,有YMDD变异的81例,其中有69例患者服用过拉米夫定。结论服用拉米夫定的患者其YMDD变异明显高于未服用拉米夫定的患者,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。     

血清HBV DNA反跳发生时间与YMDD变异的关系

目的:研究拉米夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB),血清HBVDNA反跳发生时间与YMDD变异的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,分别检测拉米夫定治疗前的血清样本和治疗后不同时间发生HBVDNA反跳时的血清样本中是否存在YMDD变异株。结果:40例发生血清HBVDNA反跳的HBeAg阳性CHB病人,拉米夫定治疗前的血清中均未检出YMDD变异株。拉米夫定治疗6个月时发生HBVDNA反跳的6例病人,血清中也未检出YMDD变异(0/6);于治疗9个月时发生HBVDNA反跳的13例病人中有3例病人的血清检出YMDD变异(23·08%);于治疗12个月时发生HBVDNA反跳的21例病人中有18例病人的血清检出YMDD变异(85·71%);P<0·01。结论:拉米夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎,血清HBVDNA反跳发生时间与YMDD变异呈正相关,治疗9个月以后发生的血清HBVDNA反跳主要是由YMDD变异所致。     

HBV P基因YMDD变异的检测及临床应用的初步研究

目的采用错配PCR扩增方法进行HBVP基因YMDD变异的检测，对其临床意义进行初步的研究。方法应用分子克隆方法，构建YMDD、YVDD和YIDD变异的阳性质粒，并对该方法进行敏感性及特异性试验。对65例未经抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎患者检测YMDD变异情况。结果经PCR方法、酶切鉴定及直接测序鉴定出YMDD、YVDD和YIDD质粒构建成功，且该方法具有较好的敏感性和特异性。65例未经拉米夫定治疗的乙型肝炎患者存在YMDD变异，出现变异6例，阳性率为9．07％；其中YIDD和YI／YMDD各1例，YVDD3例，YV／YMDD1例。结论本检测方法简便、实用，在未经抗病毒治疗的患者中可存在YMDD变异，其与野生株一样是自然存在的，抗病毒药物压力不是导致HBV YMDD变异的唯一因素。     

拉米夫定耐药者体内乙型肝炎病毒水平与YMDD变异关系的研究

目的 :探讨拉米夫定耐药者 YMDD变异类型、变异率及与体内病毒水平的关系。方法 :荧光定量 PCR检测拉米夫定耐药者血清 HBV-DNA浓度 ,PCR产物直接测序检测 YMDD变异情况。结果 :5 2例拉米夫定耐药者 YMDD变异检测结果 ,其中有 2 4例发生 YMDD变异 ,占 46.1 5 % ,并且 YMDD(酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、天门冬氨酸、天门冬氨酸 )基序发生三种变异 ,第一种类型为 YVDD变异 ,共有 1 1例 (变异率 2 1 .1 5 % ) ,即核苷酸 A741→ G变异 ;第二种类型为 YIDD变异 ,共有 1 1例(变异率 2 1 .1 5 % ) ,即核苷酸 G743→ T变异 ,其中有 1例核苷酸 G743→ C变异也引起 YIDD变异 ;第三种类型为 YLDD变异 ,共有 2例 (变异率 3 .85 % ) ,即核苷酸 A741→ T变异。 YMDD野生型血清病毒浓度为 7.0× 1 0 6± 1 .3× 1 0 6 copies/ ml,YVDD、YIDD、YLDD变异型病毒浓度分别为 7.5×1 0 6 ± 1 .5× 1 0 6 copies/ ml、7.6× 1 0 6 ± 1 .7× 1 0 6 copies/ ml、6.9× 1 0 6 ± 1 .3× 1 0 6 copies/ ml;经 t检验 ,YMDD变异型与 YMDD野生型血清病毒浓度之间的差异无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :除已报道的拉米夫定耐药者 YMDD基序发生 YVDD和 YIDD变异外 ,还存在 YLDD变异 ;拉米夫定耐药者体内乙肝病毒水平与发生 YMDD变异及变异类型无