Correlates and Outcomes of Late and Very Late Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis: Results From DESERT (International Drug-Eluting Stent Event Registry of Thrombosis)

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify clinical, procedural, and angiographic correlates of late/very late drug-eluting stent (DES) thrombosis as well as to determine the clinical outcomes of these events.BackgroundLate/very late DES thromboses are a poorly studied phenomenon, partly due to the relative infrequency of these events, even in large cohort studies.MethodsIn the DESERT (International Drug-Eluting Stent Event Registry of Thrombosis), a retrospective, case-control registry, 492 cases of late/very late definite DES thrombosis from 21 international sites were matched in a 1:1 fashion with controls without stent thrombosis (ST). Controls were matched according to 2 criteria: same enrolling institution and date of initial DES implantation. Baseline and procedural variables were collected, and clinical follow-up was obtained for patients with ST as long as 1 year after the event. Offline quantitative coronary angiography was performed for a subset of 378 case-control pairs.ResultsThe majority of ST events occurred after 1 year (75%) and continued to occur for as long as 7.3 years. The clinical presentation of late/very late ST events was mainly myocardial infarction (66.7% ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 22.0% non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction); in-hospital mortality was 3.8%. A minority of patients (30%) with ST were receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy at the time of the event. Independent clinical correlates of late/very late ST were younger age, African-American race, current smoking, multivessel disease, longer stented length, overlapping stents, and percutaneous coronary intervention of vein graft lesions. Independent angiographic correlates for late/very late ST were lesions within the left anterior descending artery or a bypass graft, thrombus, and a larger residual diameter stenosis after the initial DES implantation. Despite the large sample of ST cases, all identified correlates of late/very late ST had weak associations with subsequent ST (all odds ratios <2.5).ConclusionsDespite a large sample of ST cases and use of limited matching to maximize the identification of predictive factors associated with late/very late ST, the variables associated with the development of late/very late ST were only weakly predictive of subsequent events. Additionally, a relatively low observed mortality rate of ST in this series may reflect a different pathophysiology of these late/very late events compared with acute/subacute ST. (Drug Eluting Stent Registry of Thrombosis [DESERT]; NCT00812552).     

多模式MRI对急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗指导的临床价值

目的探讨多模式MRI对急性缺血性脑卒中(ACIS)静脉溶栓治疗指导的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年01月~2018年01月我院收治的70例ACIS患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同分为对照组(n=35)和观察组(n=35),对照组给予常规抗血栓治疗,观察组给予多模式MRI指导下静脉溶栓治疗,比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、日常生活能力(Barthel指数)评分、血清CRP水平及安全性。结果治疗后观察组总有效率91.43%、血管再通率94.29%,显著高于对照组的71.43%和74.28%(P<0.05);治疗后观察组NIHSS评分和血清CRP水平均低于对照组,Barthel指数评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组总不良反应发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论多在模式MRI指导下静脉溶栓治疗ACIS的疗效显著,可有效改善神经功能,提高日常生活能力,且安全性较高。     

骨折术后下肢深静脉超声检查及诊断作用分析

目的:探讨骨折术后下肢深静脉超声检查的诊断作用.方法:选取我院2018年1月-2019年4月期间在本院行骨折内固定手术治疗且术后疑似下肢深静脉血栓的患者50例作为研究对象.患者先行彩色多普勒检查,随后行下肢深静脉造影.患者确诊后立即实施溶栓治疗,统计患者彩色多普勒超声诊断结果,下肢深静脉造影后,对比两者诊断情况.同时,观察下肢深静脉血栓形成患者溶栓前后血流频谱Vs、Vd和RI指标变化.结果:经彩超检查显示38例为术后下肢深静脉血栓形成,检出率为76. 00% (38/50),根据血栓形成情况分为周围型18例(36. 00% ),中央型22例(44. 00% ),混合型10例(20. 00% ),其中混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成占比最低,显著低于周围型和中央型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05).下肢深静脉造影对术后下肢深静脉血栓形成检出率84. 00% ,略高于超声诊断76. 00% ,但是无显著差异(P>0. 05).与下肢深静脉造影相比,超声诊断符合率为90. 48% (38/42),无误诊者,漏诊者为9. 52% (4/42). 42例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者溶栓治疗前血流频谱显示:Vs(48. 06 ± 5. 03)cm/s、Vd(10. 36 ± 2. 39)cm/s、RI(1. 75 ± 0. 37);溶栓后为Vs(37. 06 ± 4. 11)cm/s、Vd(7. 69 ± 2. 67)cm/s、RI(2. 67 ± 0. 53);溶栓前后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0. 05).结论:骨折术后下肢深静脉超声检查对于下肢深静脉血栓形成诊断准确性较高,可为临床溶栓治疗提供参考资料,可作为疑似患者的首选检查方法.     

Post rtPA CT brain may not be mandatory in all stroke patients when resources are limited

Background: Routine neuroimaging of the brain is performed after recombinant-tissue-plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, in situation where resources are limited, it is not known if a follow-up computed tomography (CT) is beneficial for guiding the treatment plan or not. The purpose of this study is to investigate the need for a follow-up CT in patients with acute stroke after rtPA treatment. Methods: Patients who were treated with intravenous rtPA were included. Clinical symptoms/signs of the patients were evaluated at 24 h after rtPA treatment compared with baseline NIHSS. The need for a follow-up CT after rtPA treatment was assessed by comparison of the early clinical changes with the CT brain results that would affect the management plan: presence of hemorrhagic transformation, malignant MCA infarction, or large cerebellar infarction. Results: 200 patients were included. 19 patients (9.5%) had complete recovery. CT post rtPA revealed no change in these patients. In 105 patients who had early improvement with NIHSS of 1–10 at 24 h, follow-up CT findings did not change the plan of management in 85%. Follow-up CTs may help in planning further management in 65% and 67% of the patients who had NIHSS > 10 at 24 h and early worsening, respectively. Conclusions: CT post rtPA may not be required in patients with early clinical recovery (NIHSS = 0). However, in patients with residual severe deficit post rtPA or patients with early worsening or suspected posterior circulation stroke, CT post rtPA is still needed.     

高压球囊扩张术联合溶栓治疗老年MHD患者AVF的疗效及安全性

目的 观察高压球囊扩张术联合溶栓治疗老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年2月于自贡市第一人民医院治疗的76例老年MHD患者,采用数字表法随机分为对照组(药物溶栓治疗)和观察组(溶栓联合高压球囊扩张术治疗),每组各38例,随访半年,比较两组患者的临床疗效、内瘘血流量、血管内径和狭窄处峰值流速,以及术后不同时间(术后1个月、3个月、半年)AVF通畅率,记录两组患者并发症和再狭窄发生情况。结果 观察组的治疗有效率为94.74%,高于对照组的78.95%(P<0.05);术后观察组的内瘘血流量、血管内径高于对照组,狭窄处峰值流速低于对照组(P<0.05);术后3个月、半年,观察组的初级通畅率、次级通畅率分别为84.21%、94.74%,78.95%、76.32%,均高于对照组的63.16%、78.95%,55.26%、52.63%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组的再狭窄发生率为5.26%,低于对照组的23.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 溶栓联合高压球囊扩张术治疗老年MHD患者AVF狭窄疗效良好,可有效提高透析流量和通畅率,降低再狭窄发生率。     

Ultrasound-induced thermal elevation in clotted blood and cranial bone

Ultrasound thermal effects have been hypothesized to contribute to ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis. To explore the thermal mechanism of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for the treatment of ischemic stroke, a detailed investigation is needed of the heating produced in skull, brain and blood clots. A theoretical model is developed to provide an estimate for the worst-case scenario of the temperature increase in blood clots and on the surface of cranial bone exposed to 0.12- to 3.5-MHz ultrasound. Thermal elevation was also assessed experimentally in human temporal bone, human clots and porcine clots exposed to 0.12 to 3.5-MHz pulsed ultrasound in vitro with a peak-to-peak pressure of 0.25 MPa and 80% duty cycle. Blood clots exposed to 0.12-MHz pulsed ultrasound exhibited a small temperature increase (0.25 degrees C) and bone exposed to 1.0-MHz pulsed ultrasound exhibited the highest temperature increase (1.0 degrees C). These experimental results were compared with the predicted temperature elevations.     

Feasibility and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis 3–4.5 hours after stroke in Chinese patients

The time window for intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has been extended to 4.5 hours. But little is known about the safety and efficacy of IV rt-PA treatment in the 3–4.5 hour time window in Chinese patients with AIS. A total of 119 patients who were treated with standard IV rt-PA therapy within 4.5 hours after symptom onset were included in this study: 85 were treated within 0–3 hours and 34 were treated within 3–4.5 hours. Favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0–1 at 6 months. The safety of IV rt-PA treatment was assessed by the rate of mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) and other common complications. There were no significant differences in SICH rates (2.94% versus 2.35%; p = 0.85) at 24–36 hours, mortality (5.88% versus 3.53%; p = 0.56), other complications (14.71% versus 11.76%; p = 0.66), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score improvement at 24 hours (41.18% versus 45.88%; p = 0.64) and favorable mRS at 6 months (52.94% versus 54.12%; p = 0.91) between the two time window groups. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age, lower admission NIHSS score and shorter time from symptom onset to treatment were associated with a favorable clinical outcome. This finding showed an additional 29% of patients received IV rt-PA because of the treatment window expansion to 4.5 hours. IV rt-PA was feasible and safe for treating AIS patients in the 3–4.5 hour time window in our Chinese population.     

Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of rivaroxaban use

The risk of thrombolysis in patients taking novel anticoagulants remains unclear. We describe a patient with a large acute ischaemic stroke, who had a low calibrated anti-factor Xa level, who safely received thrombolysis 15–17 hours after standard dose rivaroxaban without subsequent intracerebral haemorrhage.     

rt-PA联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性研究

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效与安全性。方法选择前循环急性脑梗死患者171例,联合溶栓组46例,单用rt-PA组39例,单用尿激酶组34例,对照组52例。观察治疗前及治疗后14d NIHSS评分,同时观察再梗死率、脑出血率及死亡率。结果 4组治疗后14d分别和治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3个溶栓组与对照组14d有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4组再发脑梗死率、死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合溶栓组脑出血率与单用rt-PA组及单用尿激酶组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 rt-PA联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。