房室折返性心动过速RP‘时距的特征及对旁道定位的意义

应用食管调搏，检测６４例旁道参与的房室折返性心速患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ１和食管导联的室房时距、Ｐ＇ｖ，Ｐｅｔ时距。发现左侧ＡＰ者ＲＰ＇１较ＲＰ＇Ｖ１短（Ｐ＜０．０１），而右侧ＡＰ时较ＲＰ＇ｖ１长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

细胞内钙信号的变化调节血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的探讨细胞内钙信号的变化对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖作用的影响及其对细胞内信号转导机制的变化。方法以培养的大鼠VSMC为模型,用雷尼丁(RY)剌激VSMC内贮Ca2 释放入胞浆,用3H亮氨酸及3H胸腺嘧啶掺入量作为反应VSMC增殖的指标,加入不同的细胞内信号转导阻断剂,观察对RY效应的影响。结果与对照组相比,RY浓度依赖性地促进细胞内游离钙浓度的增高,差异显著(P<0.05或0.01)。RY剌激组蛋白核酸合成速率明显增高,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.01);尼卡地平(Nicardipine),蛋白激酶C抑制剂(H7),钙调素激酶(CaMPK)抑制剂(W7)和丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)抑制剂(PD98059)能明显抑制RY介导的VSMC蛋白核酸合成速率增高,与RY剌激组相比差异显著(P<0.01)。结论细胞内钙信号的变化明显促进VSMC增殖,但其效应可能通过Ca2 、PKC、MAPK来介导。钙离子拮抗剂可抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖。     

上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致上矢状窦阻塞时侧支静脉通路的意义

目的 分析上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致上矢状窦(SSS)阻塞时其侧支静脉通路的建立情况，确定其在肿瘤切除术中的意义。方法 总结归纳86例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤行MRA及DSA检查时的静脉系表现。结果 27例发生SSS完全阻塞，59例部分阻塞。18例在阻塞的SSS周围出现了由表浅皮层静脉所形成的侧支静脉环；通过表浅皮层静脉与蝶顶窦及小脑幕静脉系建立端—端吻合的16例；通过与Troland或Labbe静脉建立吻合的14例；通过大脑镰与下矢状窦吻合的9例；通过脑膜静脉并经板障静脉引流到颈外静脉系的17例；混合型12例。结论 上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致SSS阻塞时，肿瘤周围存在广泛侧支静脉通路，术中应注意保护。脑DSA及MRA检查对术前了解SSS通畅性及侧支静脉通路建立有帮助。     

磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

Singularities explained: Response to Klein.

Klein [Klein, A. S. (2006). Separating transducer nonlinearities and multiplicative noise in contrast discrimination. Vision Research, 46, 4279-4293] questions the existence of intrinsic singularities in two-alternative force-choice (2AFC) Signal Detection Theory (SDT) models, suggesting that the singularities found in Katkov et al. [Katkov, M., Tsodyks, M., & Sagi, D. (2006a). Singularities in the inverse modeling of 2AFC contrast discrimination data. Vision Research, 46, 259-266; Katkov, M., Tsodyks, M., & Sagi, D. (2006b). Analysis of two-alternative force-choice Signal Detection Theory model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 411-420] are due to discarding higher order terms in the Taylor expansion of d' and/or limited to steep psychometric functions. Here we provide some simple intuitive examples that illustrate the results described in Katkov et al. (2006a, 2006b). We show, for the constant noise model, that singularities exist when exact values of d' are computed and that the singularities are not limited to steep psychometric functions. In these cases the disambiguation of the different models requires millions of trials.     

Pinacidil抑制线粒体和死亡受体通路减少大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经元凋亡(英文)

目的探讨ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂pinacidil对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经元凋亡的保护作用及信号转导机制。方法 100 只Wistar 雄性大鼠随机分为四组:A 组(假手术组)、B组 (缺血组)、C 组 (KATP开放剂处理组)及D组 (KATP开放剂和阻断剂处理组)。用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,用DNA断端末端标记法(terminal-deoxynucleotidytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测神经元凋亡,用原位杂交方法检测caspase-3、caspase-8及caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结果 (1) C组12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h 时间点的凋亡细胞数较 B、D 组显著减少(P<0.05 或 P<0.01) ;B 组和 D组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2) C 组 caspase-3 mRNA 和 caspase-8 mRNA 在各时间点及 caspase-9 mRNA 在 12 h、24 h、48 h、72h 时间点的表达显著少于B组和D组(P<0.01或P<0.05),B组和D组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 KATP通道开放剂能显著减少大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的细胞凋亡及caspase-3、caspase-8及caspase-9 mRNA的表达。KATP通道开放剂可能通过抑制线粒体通路和死亡受体通路降低神经元凋亡,保护缺血再灌注损伤后的脑组织。     

Remote-controlled catheter ablation of accessory pathways: results from the magnetic laboratory.

AIMS: This study evaluates feasibility, safety, and efficacy of magnetic remote-controlled accessory pathway (AP) ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The novel magnetic navigation system (MNS) (Niobe, Stereotaxis) creates a steerable magnetic field (0.08 T) controlling the distal magnetic tip of an ablation catheter. In conjunction with a catheter advancer system (Cardiodrive, Stereotaxis) remote catheter ablation is enabled. Conventional electrophysiology study identified AP conduction in 59 patients (37 males, 36+/-14 years, 60 APs). First generation 1-magnet tip (1-M) (group I, n=18), second generation bipolar 3-magnet tip (3-M) (group II, n=27), and third generation quadripolar 3-magnet tip catheters (3-M quad.) (group III, n=14) were used for magnetic remote-controlled ablation. Successful AP ablation was achieved in 67% (group I), 85% (group II), and 92% (group III). A significant decrease of median [IQR: Q1-Q3] fluoroscopy time and dosage was observed: 21.2 [12.1-33.8] min, 1110 [395-3234] microGym2 (group I); 6.5 [4.4-15.4] min, 290 [129-489] microGym2 (group II), and 4.9 [3.4-8.0] min, 129 [74-270] microGym2 (group III). Mean procedure time (217+/-67 min; 182+/-68 min, and 172+/-90 min) significantly decreased in group III. Median number [Q1-Q3] of radiofrequency current applications in groups I, II, and III was 4 [2-9], 4 [2-6], and 2 [2-4], respectively. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Remote AP ablation is safe and feasible using the novel MNS. Introduction of the 3-magnet quadripolar ablation catheter significantly improved the efficacy of the procedure.     

肿瘤多药耐药与细胞信号转导的研究进展

肿瘤多药耐药是肿瘤治疗失败的重要原因,最近研究发现细胞信号转导通路在肿瘤细胞耐药形成的过程中具有重要作用,主要包括凋亡、NF-κB、MAPK、PI3K/Akt通路及肿瘤干细胞等方面,而应用相应的通路阻断剂逆转耐药将成为提高肿瘤治疗效果的亮点。本文主要对以上与肿瘤多药耐药相关的细胞信号转导通路作一综述。     

Hepatic UDP-glucose 13C isotopomers from [U-13C]glucose: a simple analysis by 13C NMR of urinary menthol glucuronide.

Menthol glucuronide was isolated from the urine of a healthy 70-kg female subject following ingestion of 400 mg of peppermint oil and 6 g of 99% [U-(13)C]glucose. Glucuronide (13)C-excess enrichment levels were 4-6% and thus provided high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for confident assignment of (13)C-(13)C spin-coupled multiplet components within each (13)C resonance by (13)C NMR. The [U-(13)C]glucuronide isotopomer derived via direct pathway conversion of [U-(13)C]glucose to [U-(13)C]UDP-glucose was resolved from [1,2,3-(13)C(3)]- and [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucuronide isotopomers derived via Cori cycle or indirect pathway metabolism of [U-(13)C]glucose. In a second study, a group of four overnight-fasted patients (63 +/- 10 kg) with severe heart failure were given peppermint oil and infused with [U-(13)C]glucose for 4 hr (14 mg/kg prime, 0.12 mg/kg/min constant infusion) resulting in a steady-state plasma [U-(13)C]glucose enrichment of 4.6% +/- 0.6%. Menthol glucuronide was harvested and glucuronide (13)C-isotopomers were analyzed by (13)C NMR. [U-(13)C]glucuronide enrichment was 0.6% +/- 0.1%, and the sum of [1,2,3-(13)C(3)] and [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucuronide enrichments was 0.9% +/- 0.2%. From these data, flux of plasma glucose to hepatic UDPG was estimated to be 15% +/- 4% that of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the Cori cycle accounted for at least 32% +/- 10% of GP.