Renal vascular resistance in normal children – a color Doppler study

To investigate the relationship between age and renal vascular resistance and to establish nomative data of the systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D ratio), pulsatility index (PI), and resistant index (RI) of the renal artery in the normal pediatric population, we studied 252 normal children aged newborn to 13 years (a total of 449 kidneys) with a color Doppler unit. After the normality of the kidney was established, color flow mapping was performed to localize the segmental portion of the renal artery. Flow velocity waveforms were then obtained by pulsed Doppler, and S/D ratio, PI, and RI were calculated. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the age dependence of the S/D ratio, PI, and RI of the renal artery in normal children. Renal vascular resistance continuously declines after birth and stabilizes at the age of 102 – 130 months. Normative data for S/D ratio, PI, and RI of the renal artery in normal children were established for each age group. Since renal vascular resistance decreases with age and stabilizes at 8 – 10 years, we suggest using different normal ranges for each age group when studying renal vascular resistance in pediatric patients. Received October 5, 1995; received in revised form and accepted April 24, 1996     

Sialic acid concentrations in the urine of men with and without renal stones

Summary It has been suggested that urinary sialidase may play a role in the formation of renal stones. The present study was therefore undertaken to compare spectrophotometrically the different types of sialic acid concentrations and sialidase activities in fresh first morning urine specimens of men (21–65 years) with (13) and without (9) calcium oxalate renal stones. Although the free urinary sialic acid concentrations of the two groups of men were statistically about the same (P=0.0614), the total (P=0.003) and bound (P=0.0012) urinary sialic acid concentrations differed significantly. Both the total and bound sialic acid concentrations were lower in the urine specimens of the stone patients than in their healthy counterparts. This decrease in urinary sialic acid concentrations was firstly thought to be the result of elevated breakdown enzymes of sialic acid, which would favour the production of pyruvate. However, spectrophotometric determinations of the endogenous pyruvate concentrations of the two types of urine specimens did not differ significantly (P=0.0708). Secondly, the decrease in total urinary total sialic acid concentration of stone patients, could be attributed to less sialic acid synthesis or less renal excretion. Therefore, the same experiments were repeated using serum of 13 patients and 9 healthy men. Conversely, the total (P=0.4425) and bound (P=0.2850) serum sialic acid concentrations were found to be similar in the two types of subjects. However, the free serum sialic acid concentration of stone patients was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects (P=0.0062). This phenomenon is also reflected in the average ratio for serum free: bound sialic acid in healthy and stone patients, 1:7.9 and 1:18.7 respectively (P=0.0009). The lower free serum sialic acid concentration may lead to lower renal excretions of sialic acid. This may explain the decrease in total urinary sialic acid concentration in stone patients. The lower bound urinary sialic acid concentrations in patients was also reflected in the urinary free: bound sialic acid ratio for healthy (1:2.3) and stone patients (1:1.3). The difference between these two groups of men was highly significant (P=0.0001). This phenomenon might be explained by the urinary sialidase activities, which was spectrophotometrically determined at 334 nm at 37°C of 11 patients with stones and 17 healthy men. The ages of both groups of men were the same (P=0.326). An increase in urinary sialidase activity was observed with the stone patients (P=0.00001) when compared to specimens of healthy men. This might explain the decrease in urinary bound sialic acid concentration of the stone group. It seems from these results that the urinary concentration of sialic acid and the activity of urinary sialidase, may play a role in the pathogenesis of the multifactorial disease, urolithiasis.     

Posterior urethral valves in patients with Down syndrome

Renal and urological anomalies in Down syndrome (DS) have received little attention compared with the nephrourological findings described in other chromosomal abnormalities. Renal hypoplasia, hydroureteronephrosis, ureterovesical and ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and vesicoureteral reflux, but not posterior urethral valves, have been associated with DS. We report the occurrence of posterior urethral valves in three male infants with DS at a single institution. All had multiple urological procedures for correction or palliation of obstruction. Children with DS may have an increased risk for developing posterior urethral valves and obstructive uropathy. Furthermore, they may also develop chronic renal failure secondary to posterior urethral valves. Therefore, we suggests that infants with DS be screened with ultrasonography for renal and urological abnormalities early in life and, if abnormal, a contrast voiding cystourethrogram be performed to rule out posterior urethral valves or other bladder or urethral abnormalities. A review of the renal and urological anomalies in DS reported in the literature since 1960 is presented.     

低温保存同种心脏瓣膜活性及临床应用的研究

取正常成人心脏瓣膜３６个，置于低浓度广谱抗生素的营养液（ＲＰ－ＭＩ１６４０细胞培养液）中灭菌４８ｈ，－８０℃冰箱初冻，置于液氮中长期保存。灭菌前后瓣膜细菌培养阴性率分别为９４．３％和１００％，解冻后经光镜、电镜检查证实瓣组织细胞结构正常，组织培养葡萄糖消耗率测定示瓣组织存活良好。临床同种心脏瓣膜原位移植３例，随访６～３０个月，瓣功能良好     

经皮肾囊穿刺封闭术治疗难治性肾病综合征临床研究

目的　探讨介入疗法对难治性肾病综合征 (RNS)的疗效。方法　将 6 4例RNS随机分为A ,B两组 ,A组 32例 ,经皮肾囊穿刺向每一肾脂肪囊 (肾囊 )内注入 2 %利多卡因 ,每周 2次 ,同时口服强的松、洛汀新、潘生丁等治疗 ,B组 32例 ,应用强的松、洛汀新、潘生丁等治疗。结果　A组总有效率为 84 .4 % ,B组为 6 5 .6 % ,两组比较 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,A组 1年内复发率低 ,为 2 9.6 % ,B组为 71.4 % ,比较两组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　利多卡因经皮肾囊内穿刺注射封闭疗法是目前治疗RNS最有效的方法之一 ,值得临床进一步的推广应用。     

Zinc deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia are not reversible causes of sexual dysfunction in uraemia

We selected a group of male dialysis patients complaining of sexual dysfunction in whom penile vascular insufficiency and drug-induced impotence had been excluded. Monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescence was used to confirm organic disturbance. Patients with normal serum prolactin concentrations (n = 18) had significantly lower serum zinc values than normal controls (P less than 0.001) and were entered in a 6-month double-blind study comparing oral zinc acetate with placebo. Patients with elevated prolactin concentrations (n = 8) were entered in a 3-month double-blind crossover study comparing oral pergolide mesylate with placebo. In the zinc study, serum zinc concentrations increased (P less than 0.05) in the zinc-treated but not the placebo-treated group. One of nine patients receiving zinc reported improved sexual function, as did two of nine patients receiving placebo. There were no significant changes in sperm counts, nocturnal penile tumescence, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin or gonadotrophin concentrations in either treatment group. In the pergolide study, serum prolactin values decreased (P less than 0.01) in the pergolide but not in the placebo treatment period. One patient reported improved sexual function during the pergolide treatment period and two during the placebo period. There were no significant changes in sperm counts, nocturnal penile tumescence, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin or gonadotrophin concentrations after pergolide. These studies show no benefit of zinc or pergolide compared with placebo in the treatment of uraemic impotence.     

前列腺素E1对尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复的影响

目的探讨前列腺素E1(PGE1)应用于尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)患者对移植肾功能恢复的影响.方法回顾性分析因急性排斥(AR)和急性肾小管坏死(ANT)导致DGF的127例临床资料,其中应用PGE1治疗56例(PGE1组),未用PGE1者71例(对照组).比较两组在出现DGF后的透析治疗时间、肾功能恢复情况、彩超的移植肾血流阻力指数(RI)及6个月内AR发生率.结果与对照组比较,PGE1组透析治疗时间明显缩短(P＜0.05),移植肾的血肌酐下降速度快(P＜0.05),RI及6个月内AR发生率低(P＜0.05).结论PGE1有利于尸体肾移植术后DGF患者移植肾功能的早期恢复,并能降低AR的发生率.     

长段同种异体骨与自体活骨复合移植的实验研究

目的 研究长段同种异体骨与带血管腓骨套叠式复合骨移植体的愈合机制和规律。方法 采用健康成年杂种犬36只胫骨结节下切除3．0cm骨干和骨膜实验动物模型。随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组植入深低温保存的同种异体骨与带血管自体腓骨，对照组仅植入深低温保存的同种异体骨，均用7孔93cmAO加压钢板内固定及石膏外固定。术后1、2、3、4个月分别行X线摄片、ECT检查、大体标本及组织学观察。结果 X线示实验组较同时期对照组异体骨吸收、新骨形成明显，第4个月实验组宿主骨一异体骨接合部愈合率83．3％，对照组未愈合或不愈合。ECT检查：实验组较同期对照组骨代谢活跃，但变化规律相似，均为术后1、2个月活跃，于第2个月达高峰，第3、4个月呈下降趋势。组织学观察：实验组较同期对照组异体皮质骨髓腔内壁及哈佛管内的内吸收、成骨活动显著增强。结论 长段同种异体骨与带血管自体腓骨复合移植修复骨缺损效果良好，带血管自体腓骨能促进长段同种异体骨的血管化，加速其爬行替代过程。     

小剂量FK778对大鼠移植肾慢性排斥反应的预防作用

目的探讨小剂量FK778对大鼠移植肾慢性排斥反应的预防作用。方法应用显微外科技术制作移植肾慢性排斥反应大鼠模型，将肾移植大鼠分为两组。肾移植后第16周开始治疗组大鼠接受FK778每日5mg／kg体重灌胃，对照组接受赋形剂。移植后每4周行24h尿蛋白含量测定，第24周处死大鼠，对移植肾组织行组织学、免疫组织化学及实时定量RT—PCR检测。结果治疗组大鼠蛋白尿、肾组织病理损害程度，淋巴细胞和单核／巨噬细胞浸润程度和对照组比较显著减轻，肾组织生长因子TGF-β基因的表达也减少。结论小剂量FK778能预防大鼠移植肾慢性排斥反应。移植肾组织T淋巴细胞和单核／巨噬细胞浸润减轻，TGF-β生长因子基因表达的减少，可能是其预防同种移植肾慢性排斥反应机制中的重要环节。     

ABO血型不合的异基因造血干细胞移植--2例报告附文献复习

探讨ABO血型不合的异基因造血干细胞移植 (Allo -HSCT)的造血问题。方法 :对 2例患者分别进行异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (Allo -PBSCT)及脐血造血干细胞移植 (CBSCT) ,用血细胞分离机或 6 %羟乙基淀粉去除移植物中的红细胞 ,定期检测受者血型 ,根据情况输注血细胞。结果 :2例患者全部获得造血重建 ,未出现溶血反应。结论 :ABO血型不合可以进行Allo -HSCT ,去除供者移植物中的红细胞能有效地防止急性溶血反应的发生 ,定期检测受者血型 ,及时调整输血方案有重要的临床意义。