粤东地区菊科药用植物资源研究

资源丰富,共有植物64属、115 种.文章介绍了的种类、生境、药用功效和利用现状,提出了保护及开发利用菊科植物资源的一些建议.     

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants around Mt.Yinggeling,Hainan Island,China

Aim of the study

The main objectives were to collect information on the use of medicinal plants and compare medicinal plant traditions between Run and Qi.

Materials and methods

Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews, personal conversation and guided fieldtrips with herbalists.

Results

385 species belonging to 290 genera in 104 families were used for the treatment of various diseases. Rubiaceae (20 species), Euphorbiaceae and Compositae (19 species respectively) were predominant families used by herbalists. The most species were used for injuries (20.1%), muscular–skeletal system disorders (18.3%) and infections/infestations (18.0%). The coefficient of similarity (36.6%) shown a high consensus of plant species used by Run and Qi. The ‘informant agreement ratio’ values for both Run and Qi are rather low (less than 0.3).

Conclusions

Traditional medicinal plants still play an important role in medical practices of Li Ethnic Group around Mt.Yinggeling. There is a close relationship of medicinal plant traditions between Run and Qi. Further investigation is necessary to record this valuable knowledge before its disappearance.     

治疗类风湿关节炎中药组分配伍方案的研究

目的：基于丰富的中医药文献数据，为治疗类风湿关节炎中药化学组分配伍方案的研究提供新思路。方法：从治疗类风湿关节炎的临床文献出发，以证候、方剂、中药、化学组分和药理作用为要素，筛选出针对类风湿关节炎的不同证候的以某一核心方为中心的一类方剂的化学组分，再结合西医治疗类风湿关节炎所用药物具有的药理作用，最后从文献报道的化学组分组合中提出组分配伍方案。结果：根据治疗类风湿关节炎风湿热郁证的除弊汤为核心的一组方剂，提出了6个组分配伍方案。结论：本研究提出的基于文献的组分配伍方案的研究方法具有一定的实用性。     

黄连体外改善胰岛素抵抗活性与HPLC指纹图谱的相关性研究

目的：探索黄连体外改善胰岛素抵抗活性与HPLC指纹图谱的相关性。方法：采用RP—HPLC法建立不同产地的黄连样品的指纹图谱，采用主成分分析法进行化学模式识别研究，并采用体外测定药物改善脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗生物活性，对化学信息和生物效应进行灰色关联分析和多元相关分析，以探索两者的相关性。结果：不同产地黄连药材化学成分含量及生物效应的有一定的差异。HPLC指纹图谱各共有峰中色谱峰10、6、3、7和巴马汀与改善胰岛素抵抗活性相关性较强。结论：基本明确了化学指纹图谱与改善胰岛素抵抗生物效应的相关性，有利于黄连改善胰岛素抵抗活性成分的筛选。     

酸碱对药所含酸碱性成分共煎形成复合物的结构研究

目的:研究乌头碱与甘草酸、乌头碱与大黄酸、小檗碱与大黄酸、麻黄碱与甘草酸在煎煮条件下形成的大分子复合物的结构.方法:采用X-射线光谱仪测定反应物及反应产物的结合能,用量子化学密度泛函理论计算各反应产物的基态电荷分布情况.结果:4对化合物中乌头碱与甘草酸、乌头碱与大黄酸、小檗碱与大黄酸的结合能在反应前后发生了改变,酸性成分的分子结构中特征性原子有较高正电荷,碱性成分的分子结构中特征性原子有较高负电荷.结论:4对化合物中乌头碱与甘草酸、乌头碱与大黄酸、小檗碱与大黄酸结合形成复合物.麻黄碱与甘草酸未形成复合物.     

隔药饼灸治疗肩关节周围炎临床观察

目的观察隔药饼灸治疗北美地区肩周炎的临床疗效。方法62例北美地区肩周炎患者接受隔药饼灸治疗,共治疗10次。观察指标包括临床疗效、McGill量表测评、治疗过程中患者不适记录等。结果62例肩周炎患者治疗后,有18例获得痊愈,总有效率为90.3%;McGill量表测评表明,治疗后的PRI感觉分、PRI情绪分、PRI总分、VAS和PPI治疗前后的积分差值,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;治疗中,所有患者没有出现因治疗导致的特殊不适。结论隔药饼灸能够有效地干预肩周炎患者的临床症状,改善疼痛,促进其临床痊愈。     

Quality and standardization in blood component preparation with an automated blood processing technique

The use of automated blood processors in combination with bottom and top blood containers has been found to improve the standardization and quality of blood components. A study was performed to validate a new type of processor (Optipress® II) and compare its performance with a first generation processor (Optipress® I).
Primary separation on the Optipress II was investigated on 570 mL (± 10%) of anticoagulated blood in a nonpaired study. In addition, the quality of the products in routine production was compared between the results of the Optipress I and Optipress II. The whole blood units were kept overnight at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C). Separation was performed under conditions to obtain 55 mL buffy coats with a 50% haematocrit (ht). Platelet concentrate preparation was investigated in a paired study and compared to the routine manual method using PAS II additive solution. Parameters studied were volume, red cell, white cell and platelet counts, ht, haemoglobin (hb, total and free).
Primary separation was more efficient in the Optipress II because the platelet count was lower in the erythrocyte concentrates ( P  < 0.0001), platelets were lower in plasma ( P  < 0.0001) and platelet counts were higher in buffy coats ( P  < 0.0001). Buffy coat volume showed less variation (Optipress II VC = 4%, Optipress I VC = 7.4%). Secondary separation did not show differences between the Optipress II and manual method but was advantageous because of the automatic termination of the procedure.
Further improvement of standardization in blood component preparation is possible with an automated blood processor, leading to improvement of the quality of blood products for patient care.     

Minimizing macrovessel signal in cerebral perfusion imaging using independent component analysis.

The pronounced susceptibility effect of macrovessels in MR bolus-tracking studies induces spots of artificially high blood flow and volume in perfusion parameter images. These high-intensity regions impede the detection of perfusion changes and lead to elevated perfusion parameters in adjacent tissues. The purpose of this work was to explore postprocessing methods to reduce the influence of macrovessel signal in dynamic MRI. After data reduction was performed with the use of a principal component analysis (PCA), an independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to separate signal components of different compartments. Based on this decomposition, the dynamic time series were reconstructed with minimized contributions of macrovessel signal and noise. The influence of the temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the source data were investigated by means of a simulation study. A region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis of corrected and uncorrected in vivo data demonstrated that the influence of arteries and veins was reduced at least by 50%, while gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) tissues were nearly unaffected by the correction process. Hemodynamic parameter images of the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated from corrected and uncorrected scans. The corrected parameter images showed a clearly reduced macrovessel signal and an improved perceptibility of microvascular perfusion changes compared to the uncorrected ones.     

基于独立分量分析的盲源分离技术

独立分量分析(ICA)是一种新的盲源分离技术，到目前为止，人们已从不同的角度提出了多种ICA算法。本文较为详细地介绍了基于信息极大传输理论的Infomax算法。实验表明独立分量分析具有良好的盲源分离性能。     

苹果提取物抗辐射效应的研究

目的 :　研究苹果提取物的组成成分及其抗辐射效应。方法 :　利用分光光度法及HPLC法分析苹果提取物中酚类物质 ,并采用灌胃方式给予实验小鼠 ,连续灌胃 30 d后接受 7Gy60 Co-γ射线一次性辐照 ,照射后一半动物取血进行白细胞计数 ,另一半动物观察平均存活时间和 30d存活率。结果 :　 (1 )苹果提取物中主要的酚类成分为原花青素低聚体 ,儿茶素单体 ,酚酸 ,黄酮等酚类物质。 (2 )灌胃高剂量苹果提取物 30 d的小鼠经 7Gy一次性辐射后 ,第 7d小鼠白细胞数量比辐射对照组提高了 1 1 2 % (P<0 .0 1 ) ,第 1 4 d小鼠白细胞数量提高了 52 % (P<0 .0 5) ;且苹果提取物高剂量组小鼠的 30 d存活率明显高于辐射对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。 (3)服用中、高剂量的小鼠比辐射对照组平均存活天数分别提高了 72 % (P<0 .0 1 )和 69% (P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :　苹果提取物对 7Gy剂量一次性照射具有拮抗作用。其主要成分可能为原花青素低聚体 ,儿茶素等酚类物质。