Red blood cell folate is associated with the development of dysplasia and cancer in ulcerative colitis

Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis have a high risk of developing colon cancer. The etiology of mucosal dysplasia, a premalignant lesion that is used as a screening test in surveillance programs, is unknown. Previously, a case-control study [Lashner et al. (1989) Gastroenterology 97:255–259] suggested that folate supplementation was associated with a 62% reduction in the risk of developing dysplasia or cancer. The current case-control study was performed to obtain a better definition of this risk.All 67 patients with chronic ulcerative pancolitis having surveillance colonoscopy during a 1-year period were entered. There were 6 cases (4 with dysplasia and 2 with cancer) and 61 controls (no cancer or dysplasia). Red blood cell folate, reflecting intermediate-term stores, was a mean of 66.2 ng/ml lower in cases compared to controls. Serum folate, reflecting short-term stores, was not different between groups. Adjusting for confounding effects of age, sex, race, disease duration, and folate supplementation, the risk of dysplasia or cancer was significantly decreased by 18% for each 10 ng/ml increase in red blood cell folate (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68–0.99). Vitamins A, D, and E and carotene were lower in cases than in controls, but no water-soluble vitamin other than red blood cell folate was associated with an increased cancer risk. Depressed red blood cell folate is associated with an increased risk of dysplasia and cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis and may be a risk factor for neoplastic transformation.Research supported by the Washington Square Health Foundation, the University of Chicago Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, and the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation Junior Board     

Arterial dysplasia of the colonic arteries: A rare cause of hemoperitoneum

A case is reported of hemoperitoneum in a 66-year-old man. Abdominal angiography showed alternate narrowed and dilated segments in all the colonic arteries. A total colectomy was performed. Pathologic examination of the arteries showed, in the media and intima, some lesions of dysplastic character, which leads to a diagnosis of arterial dysplasia.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者发生异型增生的诊治研究

目的 探讨对存在异型增生的溃疡性结肠炎患者合理的诊治方法.方法 回顾2000年～2005年我院溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床资料,并对接受结肠镜下治疗的患者进行复查和随访.结果 收集溃疡性结肠炎患者共计353例,有39例存在平坦型异型增生;在76例存在隆起性病变的患者中,21例存在异型增生.异型增生经结肠镜下电灼切除或氩离子凝固法治疗后,复查、随访至今尚无恶性病变发生.结论 结肠镜下活检和治疗是存在异型增生的溃疡性结肠炎患者理想的手段.     

胃粘膜肠化类型与慢性胃炎的研究

对139例胃粘膜活检标本中肠化类型与慢性胃炎的关系进行研究,Ⅱb型肠化在伴中度或重度腺体萎缩的慢性胃炎组织中的检出率(40.0%,53.8%)显著地高于伴轻度腺体萎缩的慢性胃炎(5.0%)(P<0.01);在伴轻度炎症或静止期炎症的慢性胃炎中,Ⅱb型肠化的检出率(53.5%、59.5%)显著地高于Ⅰa(13.8%、12.3%),Ⅰb(8.6%、7.0%)和Ⅱa型肠化(24.1%、21.1%)(P<0.01).同时伴有Ⅱb型肠化和异型增生的组织,均为中度或重度腺体萎缩者(70.8%).结果表明Ⅰa,Ⅰb型肠化与慢性胃炎重度及活动期炎症有关,可能是对早期炎症刺激的一种反应性变化;Ⅱb型肠化主要与中、重度腺体萎缩有关.在重度体萎缩、Ⅱb型肠化的基础上,胃粘膜易发生异型增生.     

CD44 expression in benign and malignant colorectal polyps

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of CD44 standard protein and CD44v5 and CD44v6 isoforms in colorectal adenomas and early invasive cancers developing within adenomas as possible markers characterizing colorectal polyps with a more aggressive biologic potential. METHODS: Archival tissues of 81 consecutive locally resected colorectal polyps, comprising 57 colorectal adenomas and 24 carcinomas-in-adenomas, were stained immunohistochemically with the use of commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies: SFF-2 for CD44 standard protein, VFF-8 for CD44v5, and VFF-7 for CD44v6. RESULTS: Sixtythree percent of the colorectal polyps were positive for CD44 standard protein, 59 percent were positive for CD44v5, and 27 percent were positive for CD44v6. Ninetythree percent of the low-grade adenomas were CD44 standard protein-positive, in contrast to 50 percent of the high-grade adenomas and only 42 percent of the carcinomas-in-adenomas (Kendall's Tau =–0.42;P<0.0001). CD44v6 expression was more frequently found in early invasive cancers (54 percent) than in high-grade adenomas (25 percent) and low-grade adenomas (7 percent). This difference also was statistically significant (Kendall's Tau-b =0.39;P=0.00003). Surprisingly, a downregulation of CD44 standard protein expression was observed in the adenoma tissue adjacent to carcinomas (62 percent) and areas with high-grade atypia (71 percent), compared with low-grade adenomas (93 percent; Kendall's Tau-b =–0.28;P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CD44 standard protein and CD44 isoform v6 expression differs considerably in benign and malignant colorectal polyps. Clinical studies with larger patient groups could clarify the prognostic potential of CD44 further     

胃黏膜癌变过程中表皮生长因子受体、环氧合酶-2和三叶因子1的表达及其意义

胃黏膜癌变过程中存在癌基因激活和抑癌基因失活所致的细胞无限增殖和凋亡抑制，因此联合检测细胞增殖和凋亡相关因子对揭示胃黏膜的变化规律具有重要意义。目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、环氧合酶（COX）．2和三叶因子（TFF）1在胃黏膜癌变过程中的变化规律及其意义。方法：经病理检查确诊的19例慢性非萎缩性胃炎、19例慢性萎缩性胃炎、18例慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生、16例异型增生和16例胃腺癌纳入研究。以免疫组化方法检测各病变组织中EGFR、COX-2和TFF1的表达，并分析其间的相关性。结果：EGFR在非萎缩性胃炎组织中的表达显著低于其他胃黏膜病变组织（P〈0．01）；从非萎缩性胃炎→萎缩性胃炎→肠化生→异型增生→胃癌，COX-2的表达逐渐增高，而TFF1的表达逐渐减低。EGFR与COX-2的表达呈正相关（P〈0．01），与TFF1的表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）：COX-2与TFF1的表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：细胞增殖和凋亡相关因子EGFR、COX-2和TFF1表达异常在胃黏膜癌变过程中发挥重要作用。     

叶酸对胃癌和其他胃肠道癌发生的干预作用——临床试验七年随访

目的：评估叶酸和β胡萝卜素对胃癌及其他胃肠道癌发生的干预作用。方法：在上海10年所医院进行随机双盲安慰剂对照的临床研究。216 例萎缩性胃炎患者分4组：①叶酸组，20mg/日，每月肌肉注射维生素B12 1mg，次年减为每周服药2日，3月肌肉注射1次；②天然β－胡萝卜素组，30mg／日，次年减为每周服2日，共1年；③合成β－胡萝卜素组，用法同天然组；④安慰剂对照组。每1－3年胃镜及活检，随访6－7年（1994－2001年）。结果：叶酸组未发生胃肠肿瘤，天然及合成组及各发现胃癌1例，对照组发生胃癌3例，结肠癌及食管癌各1例。以胃癌发生为终点，各干预组单独与对照组相比，未统计这显著差异，但合并干预组已接近显著（P＝0．06）；以胃肠道癌为终点，叶酸组显著低于对照组（P＝0．046），β－胡萝卜素组趋向显著（P＝0．07－0．08），合并干预组非常显著（P＝0．004），胃肠道癌风险明显降低[比数比（OR）为0．12，95％可信区间（CI）为0．03－0．51]。叶酸组胃粘膜炎症和萎缩逆转稳定（P＝0．04），肠化逆转接近显著（P＝0．06）。异型增生于12个月时显著逆转（P＝0．017）。随访中β－胡萝卜素组2例皮肤黄染，但不影响服药，叶酸组无不良反应。结论：本研究提示叶酸对胃肠道癌的发生有干预作用，β－胡萝卜素有类似趋势。叶酸可治疗萎缩性胃炎、改善胃粘膜病理。     

骨髓增生异常综合征病态造血的流式细胞术检测

骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)是一组异质性疾病,以病态造血及无效造血为主要表现,病态造血在MDS的诊断中具有重要作用,但骨髓细胞形态学异常并不只出现在MDS中,且当形态学以及细胞遗传学评估不能提供足够的MDS诊断信息时,流式细胞术(FCM)对MDS免疫表型的分析所提供的信息就显得尤为重要。通过多参数评估髓系和单核系细胞成熟和抗原表达模式有助于识别MDS中髓系形态异常情况;以免疫表型评价红系的病态造血存在困难,但评价胞浆内铁代谢相关蛋白,MDS红系显示出"铁超负荷",表现为铁蛋白含量增加而转铁蛋白受体下降,与红系的病态造血紧密相关联;CD34+细胞比例增高,表面抗原异常表达亦很有意义。本文就应用流式细胞术检测骨髓增生异常综合征病态造血的研究进行综述。     

Pre-cancerous changes in the nasal mucosa of atrophic rhinitis: A preliminary report

Metaplasia is a known predisposing factor to malignancy. As squamous metaplasia is a regular feature of atrophic rhinitis, its relationship with cancer is examined in this cross-sectional study. Random punch biopsies of nasal mucosa obtained from 14 patients (6 male and 8 female) suffering from primary atrophic rhinins were studied. Squamous metaplasia was noted in 64%. Epithelial dysplasia and in-situ malignant transformation were noted in one patient each. This preliminary report suggests that the association of atrophic rhimitis and pre-cancerous lesions appear to be more than coincidental and it deserves further studies.