儿童屈光不正性弱视综合治疗疗效观察

目的 :探讨综合治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视疗效观察。方法 :治疗 2 0例 (36只眼 )屈光不正性弱视 ,根据弱视程度 ,注视性质采取遮盖、压抑、精细目力训练、CAM视觉刺激、红光闪烁、后像或光刷综合治疗。结果 :治愈 :视力≥ 0 .9者 2 3(6 3.9% ) ;进步 :视力增进 2行或 2行以上者 13只眼 (36 .1% )。结论 :综合治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视方法简便 ,治愈率高 ,疗效显著     

Investigation of melt agglomeration process with a hydrophobic binder in combination with sucrose stearate

The melt agglomeration process of lactose powder with hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCO) as the hydrophobic meltable binder was investigated by studying the physicochemical properties of molten HCO modified by sucrose stearates S170, S770 and S1570. The size, size distribution, micromeritic and adhesion properties of agglomerates as well as surface tension, contact angle, viscosity and specific volume of molten HCO, with and without sucrose stearates, were examined. The viscosity, specific volume and surface tension of molten HCO were found to be modified to varying extents by sucrose stearates which are available in different HLB values and melt properties. The growth of melt agglomerates was promoted predominantly by an increase in viscosity, an increase in specific volume or a decrease in surface tension of the molten binding liquid. The agglomerate growth propensity was higher with an increase in inter-particulate binding strength, agglomerate surface wetness and extent of agglomerate consolidation which enhanced the liquid migration from agglomerate core to periphery leading to an increased surface plasticity for coalescence. The inclusion of high concentrations of completely meltable sucrose stearate S170 greatly induced the growth of agglomerates through increased specific volume and viscosity of the molten binding liquid. On the other hand, the inclusion of incompletely meltable sucrose stearates S770 and S1570 promoted the agglomeration mainly via the reduction in surface tension of the molten binding liquid with declining agglomerate growth propensity at high sucrose stearate concentrations. In addition to being an agglomeration modifier, sucrose stearate demonstrated anti-adherent property in melt agglomeration process. The properties of molten HCO and melt agglomerates were dependent on the type and concentration of sucrose stearate added.     

接触镜与泪液形态关系的临床评价

目的 :观察配戴不同种类接触镜后眼表面泪膜的形态、稳定性及泪液量的变化。方法 :对日戴SCL、RGPCL和Ortho KCL的 2 14名近视患者 4 2 8只眼 ,利用表面泪膜观察装置 (DR 1)观察戴镜前后眼表泪液膜和戴镜状态下镜上泪液膜的形态分级 ,同时测定泪膜破裂时间 (BUT)。利用酚红染色棉丝测定SCL戴镜前后的泪液量 ,并用折射仪 (AtagoCL 1)测量SCL含水量的变化。结果 :SCL配戴者随戴镜时间延长 ,BUT明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1) ,RGPCL和Ortho KCL配戴者戴镜 5年以内 ,BUT无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。戴镜后RGPCL ,Ortho KCL和非戴镜正常眼三组间眼表泪膜分级比例差异无显著性 ,SCL组Ⅰ级比例为 6 .5 % ,显著低于其他组(16 .1%～ 2 3.0 % )。镜上泪膜 ,SCL、RGPCL和Ortho KCL三组均以Ⅳ级为主 (分别占 5 4 .4 %、5 3.4 %和 5 1.5 % ) ,SCLⅠ级比例仅 1.9% ,显著低于另二组 (分别占 6 .2 %和 12 .4 % )。SCL配戴者随戴镜时间延长 ,泪液量轻度减少 ,SCL含水量在戴镜 1w后即显著降低。结论 :科学配戴接触镜对泪液膜质量无明显影响 ,但SCL长期使用可能对泪膜有一定干扰作用。     

气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下的超前镇痛

目的研究气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下,硬膜外给药时间不同、全麻诱导药物不同对术后镇痛产生的影响。方法开腹行切除肝癌、胃癌的病人120例,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组30例。A组:在T8-9经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因混合液6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml;全身麻醉诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚1～1.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1。B组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同A组。C组:在T8-9行硬膜外穿刺,之后行全身麻醉诱导,诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚2～2.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1,必要时可加芬太尼2～3μg·kg-1。切皮后90min,经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml。D组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同C组。分别于术毕后4、8、24、48h观测VAS、镇痛药消耗量、恶心、呕吐、骚痒等指标。结果A组的药物消耗量最少、镇痛效果最好;B组和C组次之;D组的药物消耗量最大,镇痛效果最差。结论硬膜外复合气管内麻醉时,硬膜外麻醉与芬太尼同时使用,术后镇痛效果最好。     

动态对比增强灌注磁共振成像在颅脑肿瘤的应用

动态对比增强灌注磁共振(MR)成像能提供非侵袭、生理状态下的脑组织微循环血供图，通过计算正常脑组织及肿瘤组织的局部血容量，评估肿瘤组织的血供状态；并有助于评估胶质瘤病理学级别的高低，确定肿瘤穿刺活检的部位，以及对胶质瘤、单发脑转移瘤、淋巴瘤和其他脑肿瘤切除放疗后复发与放射性坏死的诊断和鉴别诊断等；但在颅内脑外肿瘤及伴有血脑屏障严重破坏的脑肿瘤诊断仍存在一定的不足。     

罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法60例行下腹部手术病人。随机分成三组，每组20例。Ⅰ组：0．5％罗哌卡因；Ⅱ组：0．5％左旋布比卡因；Ⅲ组：0．5％布比卡因。行连续低位硬膜外麻醉。观察感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞程度及麻醉质量。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组首次局麻药用量分别为（14．38±1．57）、（14．75±0．50）和（13．80±1．30）ml。Ⅰ组运动阻滞起效时间比Ⅲ组长（P〈0．05），Ⅰ组Bromage评分为1分的例数多于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。与Ⅲ组比较，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界差异均无统计学意义。Ⅲ组SBP在感觉阻滞平面达上界及运动阻滞起效时有明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论0．5％罗哌旨因、左旋布比卡因或布比卡因连续硬膜外麻醉均可产生良好的感觉和运动阻滞，三种药物药效学相似。     

鼻咽癌常规放疗靶体积合理性的初步探讨

目的分析鼻咽癌常规放疗的局部控制情况和局部复发的剂量学模式,初步探讨照射靶体积确定的合理性.方法共476例初治鼻咽癌患者接受规范化单纯常规根治性放疗.全部病例均采用常规模拟定位,鼻咽靶体积为CT检查所见的原发病灶范围以及可能侵犯的亚临床病灶区域.利用Kaplan-Meier方法计算局部累积复发率;将鼻咽局部复发患者疗前和复发时局部病灶范围（Vnx和Vrecur）勾画于三维治疗计划系统,复制首程放疗的射野并按原处方剂量进行计算,根据剂量体积直方图进行剂量学评价：recurV95（95%处方剂量曲线包括的Vrecur）≥95%定义为野内复发,95%＞recurV95≥20%定义为野边缘复发,20%＞recurV95定义为野外复发.结果局部复发共52例,全组1、2、3、4年局部累积复发率分别为0.6%、3.9%、8.7%、11.5%.对42例局部复发的剂量学分析显示野内复发占多数（52%）,而大部分野边缘复发和全部野外复发均与射野设置不当、影像学阅片能力欠缺使首程放疗剂量不足有关.结论较好的局部控制率、复发的剂量学模式的分析结果提示该靶体积的设置比较合理.提高影像阅片能力,准确的射野设计,充分利用生物影像学工具,有针对性地提高照射剂量,有望进一步提高局部控制率.     

5 106例剖宫产手术剖宫产率、指征及母儿预后分析

目的分析剖宫产率升高的原因及指征的变化以及指征与母儿预后的关系。方法对5106例剖宫产手术病例进行回顾性分析。结果平均剖宫产率33.9%,剖宫产率逐年在增加,1995年为25.78%,2003年为43.8%,2004年为40.91%,前后5年间差异有显著性(P<0.001〉。其中以社会因素及胎儿窘迫为指征的剖宫产率增加显著,两组间差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。剖宫产的上升,围产儿窒息及死亡率并没有明显下降,且在择期剖宫产手术中,子宫切除率及产后出血率较阴道试产后手术组为高。结论剖宫产并不是绝对安全的分娩方式,剖宫产率的升高并没有明显降低围产儿窒息及死亡率。并且,择期剖宫产术的母儿预后较临产后手术母儿预后为差。剖宫产率的上升因素中以社会因素及胎儿窘迫变化最大,因此,剖宫产率的增加已不是一个单纯的医疗问题,而是一个社会问题,应引起广大社会和专家的关注。     

Is chronic inflammatory change in the prostate the major cause of rising serum prostate‐specific antigen in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer?

AIM: To evaluate the cause of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with transrectal needle biopsy negative for prostate cancer. METHODS: Serum PSA concentration, prostate volume, and pathologic findings were examined in 223 patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer. The degree of prostate inflammation was determined by the extent and degree of inflammation shown by biopsy specimens and is expressed as an inflammation score (range: 0-36). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between PSA concentration and prostate total volume (P=0.0001). Prostate chronic inflammation showed no correlation with PSA concentration (P=0.485, F=0.488). After allocating patients to normal PSA (4 ng/mL) groups, we found that serum PSA concentrations in both groups were predominantly affected by prostate total volume. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in prostate volume appears to be the major contributor to a high serum PSA concentration in patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer. However, in contrast to previous reports, there was no correlation between the degree of prostate chronic inflammation and serum PSA concentrations.     

Plasma volume in fasted pregnant rats

The effect of a two day fast on maternal plasma volume and plasma protein concentration was explored in pregnant rats. Fasting between days 17 and 19 of gestation prevented the rise in plasma volume observed in ad libitum fed rats. Plasma protein concentration declined between day 17 and day 19 in both fasted and not fasted rats. Placental weight was not reduced by fasting during this stage of gestation. Fetal weight in the fasted group was 91% of the fetal weight of the ad libitum fed group. These results show that acute undernutrition, like longer term food or protein restriction, can prevent adequate plasma volume expansion and slow fetal growth.