内皮素拮抗剂对中波紫外线诱导豚鼠色素沉着的观察

目的 探讨内皮素拮抗剂对紫外线诱导豚鼠色素沉着的治疗作用.方法 用中波紫外线(UVB)照射豚鼠皮肤制作色素沉着模型.模型制作成功后,模型动物分为空白对照组(生理氯化钠溶液)、内皮素拮抗剂组及熊果苷组(阳性对照).分别于中波紫外线(UVB)照射前、15 d后及30 d后,用Mexameter(R) MX 18检测豚鼠背部皮肤的黑素指数.连续治疗30 d后比较黑素指数、表皮内黑素细胞数目和黑素含量等指标.结果 UVB照射30 d时,豚鼠背部9块UVB照射区域的黑素指数显著高于照射前(P＜ 0.000 1).外涂1‰内皮素拮抗剂的照射区域30 d后的黑素指数值明显降低,和熊果苷组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.000 1).内皮素拮抗组黑素含量指数1明显低于空白对照组(P＜0.05).而3组间黑素含量指数2差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05).结论 外涂内皮素拮抗剂对UVB照射诱导豚鼠的色素沉着有一定治疗作用.     

运用血清药理学方法研究生脉散对豚鼠离体工作心脏的作用

目的观察家兔灌胃给予生脉散后,其含药血清对豚鼠离体工作心脏血流动力学的影响。方法家兔按分组灌胃分别给予生脉散5,10 ml.kg-1,2次/d,连续3 d,末次给药后60 min取血,分离血清。制备豚鼠离体工作心脏,观察含药血清对心率(HR)、动脉血压(AP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、左室内压最大上升及下降速率(±dp/dtmax)的影响。结果含药血清在给药后不同时间具有减慢HR,降低AP,LVEDP,增高LVSP和±dp/dtm ax的作用,且呈明显的剂量依赖关系(P<0.01)。结论含药血清具有正性肌力和负性频率作用。     

退黄外洗液皮肤给药过敏性实验研究

目的:通过动物皮肤给药安全性实验,研究退黄外洗液的安全性,为临床用药提供参考依据。方法:按照国家颁发的皮肤过敏试验标准进行皮肤和全身过敏性实验。结果:退黄外洗液无皮肤及全身过敏反应。结论:本品与皮肤给药相关的特殊安全性试验项目符合临床应用要求,局部或全身皮肤洗用是安全的,可以全身盘浴外洗的方法应用于临床。     

HPLC-FLD法测定豚鼠肺组织中酯型和盐型羟基喜树碱的含量

目的建立豚鼠肺组织样品中羟基喜树碱酯型(C-HCPT)和盐型(0-HCPT)HPLC-FLD含量测定方法。方法以5 mg·kg~(-1)剂量给豚鼠雾化吸入羟基喜树碱注射液,于不同时间点取肺组织,样品处理后,分别测定酯型和总酯含量,减量法得到盐型的含量。色谱柱为Lichrospher C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),C_(18)预柱(10mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:0.01 mol·L~(-1)缓冲液(0.075 mol·L~(-1)醋酸胺,冰醋酸调pH至6.4)=32:68(V:V);流速为0.9 mL·min~(-1);激发波长为363 nm,发射波长为550 nm,柱温:30℃。结果豚鼠雾化吸入羟基喜树碱注射液(5 mg·kg~(-1))后,0、5、10、20 min时豚鼠肺组织中的酯型浓度分别为(8.8±s0.8)、(4.5±2.0)、(2±3)、(1±4)μg·L~(-1);盐型浓度分别(4.6±1.4)、(6.8±0.9)、(3.0±2.7)、(1±5)μg·L~(-1)。结论本法简便,专属性好,定量可靠,可满足羟基喜树碱不同构型定量研究的需要。     

缺血预处理对小型猪肝移植的影响

目的 通过分析小型版纳猪供肝经过缺血预处理后产生的保护效应,为缺血预处理的临床应用提供理论依据.方法 将实验用小型版纳猪25只随机分成正常对照组、缺血再灌注组、缺血预处理组.通过速率法检测血清AST、ALT的活性变化,采用HSP70免疫印迹法检测HSP70的表达量,观察光镜和电镜下细胞形态学损害.结果 缺血预处理组HSP70表达量明显增加(P＜0.01),由光镜和电镜下的病理可以看到缺血预处理组的急性排斥反应和缺血再灌注损伤明显减轻,术后血清AST、ALT在缺血预处理组和缺血再灌注组与正常对照组相比均明显增加(P＜0.01),但缺血预处理组比缺血再灌注组明显减少,减少有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 经过2个循环10 min的缺血预处理,对供肝产生了明显的保护效应.缺血预处理对HSP70的表达起正性调控作用.     

Evaluation of miniature manometric techniques for the measurement of esophageal body pressure waves

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Perfused miniature manometric assemblies with lumina of 0.4-0.5 mm i.d. have been developed. Reduced luminal size offers the advantages of reduced assembly bulk and increased assembly complexity with greater numbers of lumina and lower manometric infusion volumes because of a slower perfusion rate. This study investigated the recording fidelity of miniature manometric assemblies in the measurement of esophageal peristalsis. METHODS: Four miniature manometric assemblies, each containing manometric lumina of either 0.4 or 0.5 mm i.d., were evaluated at 100 and 180 cm lengths. The fidelity of miniature manometric luminal recordings were evaluated in vivo during esophageal peristalsis by using a simultaneous comparison with the standard lumina and an intraluminal strain gauge. RESULTS: During esophageal peristalsis, miniature manometric lumina recorded the peak amplitude of pressure waves, with an accuracy at perfusion rates of 0.04 mL/min (0.4 mm, i.d.) and 0.15 mL/min (0.5 mm, i.d.). CONCLUSION: Miniature manometric assemblies of lengths that are practical for use in humans are suitable for recording esophageal peristalsis.     

养肝柔肝中药对胆囊胆固醇结石豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度的影响

目的:通过观察实验豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度([Ca2 ]i)的变化,探讨胆固醇结石形成与养肝柔肝中药防治胆结石的作用机制。方法:将80只受试豚鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、养肝柔肝中药组和熊去氧胆酸组,每组20只。后三组采用高胆固醇致石食饵诱发法建立豚鼠胆结石动物模型,其中养肝柔肝中药组、熊去氧胆酸组分别给予相应药物进行防治实验,连续用药7周后,分别对实验豚鼠大体情况、胆结石生成情况以及胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i的变化进行观察。结果:模型组动物胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i明显降低,养肝柔肝中药不仅能明显改善豚鼠行为学体征,降低胆结石的成石率,而且可提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i。结论:胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i降低是导致胆囊的收缩功能降低,胆固醇结石形成的重要因素。提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i,增强胆囊平滑肌细胞的收缩功能,减轻胆汁淤滞,可能是养肝柔肝中药防治胆石病的作用机制之一。     

Development of cis-platinum-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs

Summary The resultant hearing loss can be variable if cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum is given to guinea pigs. In order to find out more about these differences, we used brainstem audiometry to study the start and development of hearing loss over time for several frequencies. Our results confirmed previous observations that hearing loss starts at the higher frequencies but can also occur at lower frequencies. Furthermore, there were great differences in the start and the rate of the increase of hearing loss found in the individual animals. The individual differences in susceptibility can not be explained by one factor alone, but by the combination of three factors, namely deviation point, slope and length of survival.This study was supported by the Heinsius Houbolt Foundation     

The production of transgenic pigs for potential use in clinical xenotransplantation: baseline clinical pathology and organ size studies

This report describes the results of hematology, serum biochemistry, growth, and organ weight studies undertaken on pigs from nine cohorts of qualified pathogen free (QPF) pigs reared within a high welfare bioexclusion facility as potential organ source animals. Confirmation of the high health status of the pigs was given through total leukocyte counts and serum globulin concentrations that fell below the expected reference range for conventional pigs. The calculated mean growth rate for QPF pigs was found to exceed target rates set for optimum genotype commercial pig herds. Body weights of QPF pigs were compared with kidney, heart and liver weights at necropsy.     

环孢素A气雾给药对豚鼠气道高反应性和炎症的作用

目的:评价环孢素A气雾给药对豚鼠哮喘模型的药效.方法:用乙酰胆碱(ACh)或组胺诱导抗原攻击后的致敏豚鼠气道阻力PC_(200)、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织切片中的嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)变化观察环孢素A气雾给药后的抗气道高反应性和炎症作用.结果:环孢素A 10 g·L~(-1)、20 g·L~(-1)气雾给药和地塞米松(0.5mg·kg~(-1),ip)增加PC_(200)值,能预防ACh或组胺引起的气道高反应性,环孢素A 5 g·L~(-1)对组胺引起的气道高反应性也有作用,对ACh不显著.环孢素A 10 g·L~(-1)、20 g·L~(-1)气雾给药能明显减少BALF中的EOS浸润.与溶媒组比较,地塞米松0.5mg·kg~(-1)增加了BALF中的中性粒细胞数目,与三组环孢素A比较有显著差异.在肺组织学研究中,环孢素A 20 g·L~(-1)和地塞米松0.5 mg·kg~(-1)可抑制支气管和细支气管上皮和上皮表面结缔组织的EOS浸润.结论:环孢素A气雾吸入给药能明显对抗致敏豚鼠气道高反应性和炎症反应,为其治疗哮喘提供了一个可选择的给药途径.