Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the anatomic and functional consequences of lateral internal sphincterotomy in patients who developed anal incontinence and in matched controls. METHODS: The study includes 13 patients with anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy and 13 controls who underwent the same operation and were continent and satisfied with the results of the procedure. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, anorectal manometry, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing, and endoanal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Sphincterotomies were longer in incontinent patients (75vs. 57 percent), but the resting pressure and length of the high-pressure zone were not different between groups. Surprisingly, maximum voluntary contraction was higher in incontinent patients than in continent controls (136vs. 100 mmHg). Rectal sensation and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency were similar in both groups. The defect in the internal sphincter was wider in incontinent patients than in continent controls (17.3vs. 14.4 mm), but these differences were not statistically significant. The thickness of the internal sphincter measured by endoanal ultrasound was identical in both groups, but the external sphincter was thinner in incontinent patients both at the site of the sphincterotomy (6.8vs. 8.1 mm) and in the posterior midline (7.1vs. 8.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy is directly related to the length of the sphincterotomy. Whether secondary to preoperative sphincter abnormality or the result of lateral internal sphincterotomy, the external sphincter is thinner in incontinent patients than in continent controls.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 7 to 12, 1995.     

Clinical and manometric effects of combined external beam irradiation and brachytherapy for anal cancer

This study evaluates anorectal function after combined tele- and brachytherapy for anal cancer using manometric measurements and a standardized questionnaire. Eight patients received 44±3 Gy external beam radiation followed by 20±4 Gy interstitial brachytherapy with iridium-192. Patients were examined 43 months (range 25–83) after therapy. Maximum anal basal pressure, squeeze pressure, and squeeze increment were significantly lower in patients (50, 163, 115 mmHg, respectively) than in control subjects (75, 285, 180 mmHg, respectively). Decreased anal elasticity was not observed. Anal prestretch “normalized” the contractility of the internal and external sphincter. Thus damage to the anal epithelium and hemorrhoidal cushions seems to be the most important mechanism explaining reduced anal closing pressure values. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex was observed in all but one patient. Rectal compliance was significantly reduced. Whereas all patients could retain a water filled rectal balloon until the maximum tolerable sensation level was reached, the rectal saline infusion test was strongly abnormal. Four patients were perfectly continent. Four patients were incontinent for gas and presented urgency in case of liquid stools with limited soiling occurring once weekly or less; three of them also had urgency for solids. Defecation frequency was increased but regular in most patients. Reduced anal closure together with reduced rectal compliance are at the basis of stool frequency, urgency and partial incontinence with occasional soiling. However, enough reserve sphincter function was maintained to preserve a clinically acceptable degree of anal continence in our patients. Accepted: 21 November 1997     

经直肠腔内三维超声在肛瘘诊断中的价值

目的分析经直肠腔内三维超声对肛瘘的检出情况。方法 57例临床和术后证实的肛瘘患者,应用三维超声探查肛瘘并推注过氧化氢超声造影。结果 57例肛瘘患者,三维超声检出率100%。除去9例内盲瘘,内口检出率为33.3%(16/48),瘘道超声造影后检出率提高到60.4%(29/48);继发瘘道检出率为29.2%(14/48),继发瘘道超声造影后检出率提高到37.5%(18/48)。结论经直肠腔内三维超声结合瘘道过氧化氢超声造影可为外科手术提供更多的信息,指导手术。     

肛周脓肿局部组织及外周血中IL-22 的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨细胞因子IL-22 在肛周脓肿局部组织及外周血中的表达和意义。方法 选取50例肛周脓肿患者（肛周 脓肿组）和50例无感染的混合痔患者（对照组）,两组患者均行手术治疗,并术中留取病变组织标本。术后观察患者转归,免疫组织化学法检测IL-22 表达、RT-PCR 法检测外周血单核细胞中IL-22 mRNA 的表达,观察IL-22 表达的变化及其与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果 IL-22在肛周脓肿组的表达阳性率高于对照组（P＜0.01）;肛周脓肿组根据不同转归分为治愈组、脓肿复发组、肛痿组,3 组患者IL-22 表达阳性率比较,治愈组显著降低,而肛瘘组最高（P＜0.01）。肛周脓肿组外周血单核细胞中IL-22 mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;在肛周脓肿组中随着疾病的进展,肛瘘组患者外周血单核细胞中IL-22 mRNA表达水平显著高于治愈组（P＜0.01）。肛周脓肿组中IL-22的表达与患者性别、年龄均无关（均P ＞0.05）,而与脓肿直径（P＜0.01）、创面愈合时间（P＜0.05） 及进展为肛瘘有关（P＜0.05）。结论 IL-22在肛周脓肿局部组织及外周血中表达增强,在其发病机制中起了重要作用。     

女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘的测压特点分析

目的探讨女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘（OOC）患者肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能的特点。 方法回顾性分析南京市中医院2018年1月至2018年12月期间在便秘平台收治的53例OOC患者及60名健康志愿者的肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能资料。 结果53例患者的平均肛管静息压高于健康志愿者（t＝4.985,P<0.01）,平均最大收缩压低于健康志愿者（t＝7.555,P<0.01）。直肠排便压中,所有患者的平均排便压也是低于健康志愿者的（t=4.297,P<0.01）。肛门括约肌长度OOC患者较女性健康者增长（t=4.825,P<0.01）;不同合并症女性OOC患者肛管静息压与健康志愿者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=5.257,t_会阴下降=6.091,t_内套叠=4.23;P<0.05）。总体平均最大收缩压低于正常参考值,各型患者与健康志愿者差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=6.277,t_会阴下降=5.306,t_内套叠=3.293;P<0.05）;直肠排便压中,各型患者均表现排便压较低,但仅直肠前突及会阴下降与健康者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=3.313,t_会阴下降=4.637,P均<0.05）;患者排便阈值及平均排便阈值均高于健康志愿者,差异均有统计学意义（t＝2.818,P<0.01）。虽然53例患者的平均初始阈值高于健康志愿者,但差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。最大耐受量与健康志愿者相比,差异也没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;4种合并症便秘患者的初始阈值与健康志愿者相差不大,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论OOC动力特点主要表现为高肛管静息压,低收缩压,以及直肠低敏感性,这说明肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩及协调功能障碍、直肠敏感性下降及对容量刺激的反应较迟钝可能是造成功能性便秘的重要原因。     

便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果的相关性研究:166例临床分析

背景:便秘是最常见的消化系统问题之一,有观点认为不同便秘症状或症状群对慢性便秘的病理生理机制可能有一定提示作用。肛门直肠测压是研究便秘病理生理机制的重要手段。目的:探讨便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果之间的相关性。方法:连续纳入166例功能性便秘患者,行肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验,并记录其排便次数减少、粪便干结、排便费力、排便不尽感、肛门梗阻感和腹胀症状发生情况。分析上述症状与两项检测结果的相关性。结果:腹胀组直肠最小感觉阈值降低发生率、排便次数减少组和排便费力组直肠推进力不足发生率均显著高于相应症状阴性组(P0.05),直肠肛门抑制反射不良组排便费力发生率显著低于反射正常组(P0.05);结肠慢传输以及肛门括约肌松弛不良、直肠肛门矛盾运动均与便秘症状无关。结论:排便次数减少和排便费力对直肠推进力不足有提示作用,腹胀则与直肠感觉过敏有关。深入细化便秘症状并综合考虑影响粪便性状的因素可能对慢性便秘的病理生理分型具有更好的提示作用。     

Effects of vagus nerve preservation and vagotomy on peptide YY and body weight after subtotal gastrectomy

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the function of vagus nerve and peptide YY_3-36 and ghrelin levels after subtotal gastrectomy.METHODS: We enrolled a total of 16 patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy due to gastric cancer. All surgeries were performed by a single skilled surgeon. We measured peptide YY_3-36, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, growth hormone levels, and body weight immediately before and one month after surgery.RESULTS: Vagus nerve preservation group showed less body weight loss and less increase of peptide YY_3-36 compared with vagotomy group (-5.56 ± 2.24 kg vs -7.85 ± 1.57 kg, P = 0.037 and 0.06 ± 0.08 ng/mL vs 0.19 ± 0.12 ng/mL, P = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, patients with body weight loss of less than 10% exhibited reduced elevation of peptide YY_3-36 level, typically less than 20% [6 (66.7%) vs 0 (0.0%), P = 0.011, odd ratio = 3.333, 95% confidence interval (1.293, 8.591)].CONCLUSION: Vagus nerve preservation contributes to the maintenance of body weight after gastrectomy, and this phenomenon may be related to the suppressed activity of peptide YY_3-36.     

内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂30例疗效观察

为探讨白内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂的疗效,将60例肛裂患者随机分为两组即观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组采用自内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗,对照组采用开放式内括约肌后方切开术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、创口愈合时间、住院时间及术后疼痛评分情况,并进行统计分析。结果显示,观察组在手术时间、创口愈合时间、住院时间及术后疼痛评分方面均优于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结果表明,自内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂安全有效,术后疼痛轻,并发症少,恢复快。     

MRI在高位复杂性肛瘘诊断中的应用

为探讨相控阵线圈高分辨MRI对高位复杂性肛瘘的术前诊断价值．将35例高位复杂性肛瘘患者术前利用相控阵线圈高分辨MRI扫描,以手术结果为标准．将MRI检查结果及术前临床一般检查结果与手术结果进行比较。结果显示．与手术探查结果相比,术前MRI在诊断肛瘘侵犯位置高低方面的准确率为88．6％,术前一般检查的准确率为57．1％：术前MRI在肛瘘内口诊断方面的准确率为85．7％,术前一般检查的准确率为51.4％。肛瘘的MRI检查结果优于术前一般检查。结果表明,应用相控阵线圈高分辨MRI检查,能较准确地判断肛瘘侵犯部位的高低以及内口的位置、瘘管的走向．对提高手术的成功率及手术时避免肛门括约肌的损伤具有重要指导意义。